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Objective To observe the effects of kidney-tonifying therapy on spatial learning, memory abilities and ultrastructure of hippocampal dentate gyrus ( DG ) cells of kidney deficiency rats induced by sexual intemperance. Methods SD rats with low reproductive capacity were caused by continuously mating for 6 months, and then were randomly divided into 5 groups, namely model group, low- and high-dose of Liuwei Dihuang pills (LDP) groups (in the dosage of 4.8, 9.6 g·kg-1·d-1), low-and high-dose of Jingui Shenqi pills (JSP) group (in the dosage of 5.2, 10.4 g·kg-1·d-1), 8 rats in each group. Except the model group, the other groups were respectively given with the corresponding medication. SD rats aged 2 months served as the normal control group. After treatment for 30 continuous days, the learning and memory abilities of rats were examined by Morris Water Maze. The cell ultra structure of hippocampal dentate gyrus was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results The results of the place navigation test of Morris water maze showed that the escape latency of rats was prolonged obviously in the model group compared with that of the normal control group (P<0.01), and the escape latency of rats in the medication groups was shorter than the kidney deficiency model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The results of spatial probe test showed that the residence time in the former hidden platform quadrant and its surrounding area was significantly shortened in the model group compared with that of the normal control group ( P<0.01) , but was prolonged after medication of high-dose JSP ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 compared with that of the model group). Under the electron microscope, the cell ultra structure lesions of hippocampal dentate gyrus were much relieved in the high-dose LDP group, and high-dose JSP group as compared with those of the model group. Conclusion ( 1) Long-term sexual intemperance can impair spatial learning and memory abilities and causes the cell ultra structure lesions of hippocampal dentate gyrus of rats. (2) The kidney-tonifying therapy can significantly alleviate the spatial learning and memory disturbance and the cell ultra structure lesions of hippocampal dentate gyrus induced by sexual intemperance. ( 3) There are not significant differences between the two kidney-tonifying therapies in improving spatial learning and relieving cell ultra structure lesions. The effect of JSP on improving spatial memory abilities is better than that of LDP.
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Objective To explore the influence of nonylphenol(NP) on the filial generation rats spatial learning and memory capacity which were exposed to the parent rat during its pregnancy. Methods At the first day of the pregnancy, the rats were divided into four groups, which were orally administered with NP at doses of 0,50, 100 and 200 mg/kg,respectively, on gestational days 9～15. Cognitive function was tested by Morris water maze and step-down test. The ultrastructure of hippocampus tissues were observed by electronic microscope.Result The escape latency extended ((61.14±5.92) s) and erroring time increased ((4.57±1.13)times) in Morris water maze, and step down latency extended ((37.5±6.3)s), step through latency shortened((97.8±11.0)s) and erroring time increased ((3.0±1.4) times) in step down test in the N P 200 mg/kg treated groups (P<0 05). The correspond indexes were separately (35.85±4. 29) s, (2.57±0.97) time, (27.1±3.8) s,(172.0±89.2)s and(0.9±0.7)time in control group. Compared to the control group, there were significant differences in the results of the water maze test and step-down test between NP 200 mg/kg and the control group (P <005). The changes of the uhrastructure were found among the hippocampus neurons of NP 200 mg/kg group that characterized with chromatin condensed,clumped in circa-nuclei and mitochondrial tumefaction and vacuolization.Conclusion Exposures to NP during gestation might decreased abilities of spatial learning and memory capacity on F1 rats significantly.
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@#ObjectiveTo investigate effects of 8Hz 90dB and 8Hz 130dB infrasound on hippocampi ultrastructure of SD rats.Methods60 male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group and experimental group. Rats of experimental group were exposed to 8Hz 90dB or 8Hz 130dB infrasound 2 hours every day for 1,7,14, 21,28,35 and 42 days. As soon as the exposure finished,the right hippocampus of rat was taken and examined by electron microscopy.ResultsHippocampus ultrastructure of rats was changed after only one day exposure to infrasound and the longer exposure to infrasound, the worse ultrastructure changed. But during the latter period,damages of hippocampus ultrastructure became lighter. Different rules were observed between 90dB and 130dB groups.ConclusionInfrasound of 8Hz 90dB and 8Hz 130dB can make hippocampus ultrastructure of rats damaged mainly as denaturalizations. These changes are nonliner with time, and the hippocampus of rats has adaptability to infrasound.
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Eight cases of human rabies encephalomyelitis confirmed by autopsy were reported. They all had a history of rabid dog bite and typical clinical manifestations of rabies. The mean clinical course ran about 4 days. The most frequent pathological findings were the appearence of intracytoplasmic Negri bodies in neuron and paren-chymal inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. The inflammatory response was more prominent in the brainstem, hippocampus and spinal cord, consisting of peri-vascular cuffs of lymphocytes and monocytes, foci of softening microglial response and neuronophagia. Negri bodies were found in all of the sections taken from the brain, especially frequently found in the purkinjs cells of the cerebsll um and the pyramidal cells of the hippocampi in all the eight cases.The pathodiagnostic principles of this disease, and its differentiation from type B encephalitis and polimyelitis were briefly discussed. The relation between the site of the dog bite and the distribution of the lesions and the duration of the incubation period were also discussed.