Participation of Latino Authors in TOP Dermatology Journals During 2021: a Brief Bibliometric Analysis / Participación de autores latinos en revistas TOP de dermatología durante el 2021: un corto análisis bibliométrico / Participação de autores latinos nas revistas TOP de dermatologia durante 2021: uma breve análise bibliométrica / Participation of Latino Authors in TOP Dermatology Journals During 2021: a Brief Bibliometric Analysis

A key global health objective is to promote the advancement of scientific production in disciplines with low publication volume, as opposed to specialties addressing pathologies that represent the greatest global disease burden (1). Dermatology is one such discipline, which has experienced substantial growth in research on immunopathogenic, pathophysiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects (2-4). The extent to which Latin American authors and institutions have been involved in publishing scientific articles in the dermatology journals with highest impact worldwide remains unknown.

Un objetivo clave de salud mundial es promover el avance de la producción científica en disciplinas con bajo volumen de publicación, a diferencia de especialidades que abordan las patologías que representan la mayor carga de enfermedad a nivel mundial (1). La Dermatología es una de esas disciplinas que ha experimentado un crecimiento sustancial en investigación en aspectos inmunopatogénicos, fisiopatológicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos (2-4). El alcance en el cual los autores e instituciones latinoamericanas han participado en la publicación de artículos científicos en revistas de dermatología con mayor impacto mundial permanece incierto.

Um objetivo fundamental da saúde global é promover o avanço da produção científica em disciplinas com baixo volume de publicações, em oposição às especialidades que abordam patologias que representam a maior carga de doenças em todo o mundo (1). A Dermatologia é uma das disciplinas que tem experimentado um crescimento substancial nas pesquisas em aspectos imunopatogênicos, fisiopatológicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos (2-4). A extensão da participação de autores e instituições latino-americanas na publicação de artigos científicos em revistas de dermatologia de maior impacto global permanece incerta.

Migrant women caregivers' experiences in end-of-life formal care / Experiências de mulheres migrantes cuidadoras em cuidados formais no final da vida / Experiencias de cuidadoras migrantes en el cuidado formal al final de la vida

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe and understand the experience of Latin American migrant women as caregivers of elderly people in situations of advanced illness and end of life. Method: Qualitative study using Gadamer's hermeneutic phenomenology. Data were collected in 2019 through 9 semi-structured interviews with Latin American women caregivers, who had cared for people at the end of life, in the Province of Granada (Spain). Results: Two themes emerged: "Migrant caregiver at the end of life" and "And now, what should I do?": the impact of the loss at the economic, emotional and labor level Conclusion: Care during the end of life of the cared person generates an additional overload to the situation of migrant women. The experience of this stage is related to the bond with the persons cared and their families, which may affect the development of complicated grief and personal problems related to the loss of employment and the absence of economic support.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever e compreender a experiência de mulheres migrantes latino-americanas, cuidadoras de idosos em situações de doença avançada e de fim da vida. Método: Estudo qualitativo baseado na fenomenologia hermenêutica de Gadamer. Os dados foram coletados em 2019 por meio de 9 entrevistas semiestruturadas com mulheres cuidadoras latino-americanas que cuidaram de pessoas no final da vida em Granada (Espanha). Resultados: Surgiram dois temas: "Cuidador migrante no fim da vida" e "E agora, o que eu faço?": o impacto da perda nos níveis econômico, emocional e de trabalho. Conclusão: O cuidado durante o fim da vida da pessoa cuidada gera uma sobrecarga adicional à situação das mulheres migrantes. A experiência dessa fase está relacionada ao vínculo com a pessoa cuidada e sua família, o que pode ter um impacto na elaboração de luto complicado e problemas pessoais relacionados à perda do emprego e à ausência de apoio econômico.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir y comprender la experiencia de las mujeres migrantes latinoamericanas como cuidadoras de personas mayores en situación de enfermedad avanzada y final de la vida. Método: Estudio cualitativo desde la fenomenología hermenéutica de Gadamer. Los datos fueron recogidos en 2019 mediante 9 entrevistas semiestructuradas a cuidadoras latinoamericanas, que hubieran atendido a personas al final de la vida en Granada (España). Resultados: Surgieron 2 temas: "Cuidadora migrante al final de la vida" e "Y ahora ¿qué hago?": El impacto de la pérdida a nivel económico, emocional y laboral. Conclusión: La atención durante el final de la vida de la persona cuidada genera una sobrecarga adicional a la situación de las mujeres migrantes. La vivencia de esta etapa se relaciona con el vínculo con la persona cuidada y su familia, que puede incidir en la elaboración de un duelo complicado y problemas personales relacionados con la pérdida de empleo y la ausencia de apoyo económico.

Orígenes y desarrollo de la medicina tradicional: una cuestión ideológica / The origins and development of traditional medicine: an ideological issue

RESUMEN La mayoría de los analistas reconocen tres fuentes básicas en el desarrollo de la medicina tradicional mexicana entre los siglos XV y XVIII (prehispánico, hispánico y afro), así como toda una serie de fuentes complementarias que se fueron incluyendo sobre todo entre los siglos XVIII y XXI. No obstante, gran parte de los principales especialistas consideran que el núcleo de la medicina tradicional es la medicina prehispánica, secundarizando lo hispánico y excluyendo lo afro. Incluso no reconocen o señalan superficialmente el papel de la biomedicina en la medicalización actual de la medicina tradicional. Si bien esta tendencia se observa desde las décadas de 1930 y 1940, se profundiza a partir de la década de 1970, para eclosionar en torno al Quinto Centenario de 1992, convirtiendo la cuestión de los orígenes y el desarrollo de la medicina tradicional en una cuestión básicamente ideológica.

ABSTRACT Most analysts identify three main foundations of the development of traditional Mexican medicine between the 15th and 18th centuries (pre-Hispanic, Hispanic, and African), as well as a number of complementary sources incorporated over the course of the 18th and 19th centuries. However, a significant proportion of leading specialists consider pre-Hispanic medicine to be the primary basis of traditional medicine, downplaying Hispanic influence and disregarding African influence. Furthermore, they either ignore or give only cursory treatment to the role of biomedicine in the present-day medicalization of traditional medicine. Although this trend can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s, it intensified from the 1970s onward and peaked around the time of the Fifth Centennial in 1992, transforming the question of the origins and development of traditional medicine into a largely ideological issue.

Factor analysis of the cross-cultural adaptation of the multidimensional attitudes scale towards deaf persons in Chilean dental students

There are various instruments to measure attitudes toward persons with disabilities (PwD). The Multidimensional Attitudes Scale (MAS) toward PwD is a three-dimension scale with good psychometric properties; the Spanish version has been validated with a four-factor structure. Aim: To examine the factor structure of a cross-cultural adapted version of the Spanish MAS towards deaf persons in a sample of Chilean dental students. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved five Chilean public health experts that reviewed the scale for obtaining a preliminary version of a 30-item modified MAS towards deaf persons; a pilot with 15 dental students was performed, and a final sample composed of 311 students was included. For the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), maximum likelihood estimation (ML) for determining the number of factors and parallel analysis (PA) was used, with Oblimin for the rotation method. Cronbach's alpha was used to assess reliability. The root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), comparative fit index (CFI), incremental fit index (IFI), goodness of fit index (GFI), Tucker-Lewis fit index (TLI-NNF) and root mean square of residuals (RMSR) were used to assess model fit. Results: All items had a normal distribution with the exception of items 7 and 10. The four-factor structure without item 10 in this EFA presented an adequate Cronbach's alpha (>0.83), suggesting acceptable reliability. RMSEA, TLI-NNFI, RMSR, GFI and CFI indices suggested a good fit of the model and were consistent with the literature. Conclusion: The Spanish modified version of the MAS towards deaf persons has a four-factor structure, which in consistent with a previous version of the MAS

Community-level screening for type 2 diabetes risk in Mexicans living in Colorado

Introduction: Many Mexican immigrants to the US are medically underserved and have a higher risk for type 2 diabetes; early identifica-tion of risk factors can prompt referrals to lifestyle changes and primary care in this population. We used a cross-sectional study design to assess diabetes risk using an existing community partnership, a public health professional, and a lay health promoter model to identify individuals at high risk for diabetes without imposing tests that are difficult to perform or sustain in a community setting. Materials and Methods: Between January 1st, 2018, and December 31st, 2019, a community-based approach for type 2 diabetes-risk screening was conducted by lay health workers using a standard protocol including an educational component, the FINDRISC questionnaire, and capillary plasma glucose criteria. Basic descriptive statistics were obtained for demographic, lifestyle, and diabetes risk factors. Results:Our team screened 783 adult individuals (444 females and 339 males) for type 2 diabetes risk. 29% of participants (35.6% of females and 20.6% of males) were at high risk of type 2 diabetes because they had FINDRISC scores of 14 or higher. We also identified other risk factors, 79% of females and 86% of males were overweight or obese, and 39% had high blood pressure; consequently, we referred 427 patients to their PCP or a new medical home. Conclusions: The use of a community-based intervention using the FINDRISC type 2 diabetes risk assessment tool is a suitable, easy to perform intervention that can be applied in community settings by community lay health promoters.

Introducción: un gran número de mexicanos que viven en los Estados Unidos están medicamente desatendidos y tienen alto riesgo de desarrollar diabetes. La identificación oportuna de factores de riesgo puede iniciar el proceso de referencia a programas de mejora de estilo de vida y a primer nivel de atención. Presentamos un estudio transversal diseñado para evaluar el riesgo de diabetes utilizando alianzas comunitarias pre-existentes, un profesional en salud pública y un modelo de promotores comunitarios de salud para identificar personas con alto riesgo de diabetes sin usar estudios de laboratorio complejos. Material y métodos: entre enero de 2018 y diciembre de 2019 se aplicó un programa comunitario para detector riesgo de diabetes por miembros de la comunidad utilizando un protocolo estandarizado que incluyo un componente educativo, el cuestionario FINDRISC y criterios de glucosa capilar. Se hicieron estudios esta-disticos basicos en demografia, estilos de vida y factores de riesgo de diabetes. Resultados: 783 personas (444 mujeres y 339 hombres) fueron evaluados para determinar su riesgo de diabetes. 29% de los participantes (35.6% de las mujeres y 20,6% de los hombres) tuvieron un resultado mayor o igual a 14 en la escala FINDRISC lo que indica alto riesgo de desarrollar diabetes. Se identificaron otros factores de riesgo, 79% de las mujeres y 86% de los hombres tenían sobrepeso u obesidad. Se detectó hipertensión en 39% de la muestra. Como consecuencia de esta intervención se refirieron 427 personas a primer nivel de atención. Conclusiones: La detección de individuos de alto riesgo de diabetes a nivel comunitario utilizando la escala FINDRISC por miembros de la comunidad es factible y de fácil aplicación.

Estresores de aculturación de los inmigrantes hispanos en Estados Unidos de América. Revisión sistemática exploratoria / Stressors during the process of culture adaptation of hispanic migrants in the United States of America: An exploratory systematic review / Estressores de aculturação de imigrantes hispânicos nos Estados Unidos da América. Revisão sistemática exploratoria

RESUMEN Introducción: Los inmigrantes hispanos que se desplazan hacia Estados Unidos experimentan una transición migratoria altamente estresante, padeciendo alteraciones en la salud que continúan después de su llegada, lo que puede dificultar su adaptación a la nueva cultura. Identificar los factores más estresantes en el inmigrante hispano en su proceso de aculturación es primordial para el diseño de intervenciones puntuales y oportunas, donde el personal de enfermería es un elemento central para ello. Objetivo: Identificar los estresores de aculturación que presentan los inmigrantes hispanos en Estados Unidos. Desarrollo: Mediante un análisis numérico de los datos cuantitativos y el análisis temático de los hallazgos cualitativos, sugerido por metodología para revisiones sistemáticas exploratorias, se identificaron estresores personales, del entorno, sociales y globales, que enfrentan los inmigrantes hispanos. De igual manera, se describen las principales repercusiones a la salud tales como: angustia, ansiedad, depresión, ideación suicida, riesgo de consumo de alcohol, conductas sexuales de riesgo, entre otras, que se derivan de dicho proceso de transición. Conclusiones: Los encuentros más comunes entre el profesional de enfermería se dan durante momentos de transición de las personas, por ello es importante resaltar que la transición cultural de los inmigrantes hispanos es acompañada de estresores que afectan directamente su salud. El presente estudio muestra y clasifica los estresores más comunes, evidencia la necesidad de la creación de estrategias encaminadas a la adaptación social del inmigrante hispano y el involucramiento de la enfermería tanto en el diseño como liderazgo de estas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hispanic migrants who settle in the United States experience a highly stressful transition period, which not only has an impact on their process of adaptation to the new culture but also on their health. Therefore, identifying stressing factors which influence the hispanic migrants during their process of culture adaptation is a key goal in the design and implementation of timely interventions led by nursing professionals. Objective: To identify stressing factors which have an influence on the process of culture adaptation of hispanic migrants in the United States. Development: Based on the numeric analysis of quantitative data, and the thematic analysis of the qualitative data which was informed by an exploratory systematic review methodology, personal, social, global stressors were identified influencing hispanic migrants in the United States. Among the identified health issues were: anguish, anxiety, depresion, suicide thoughts, alcohol consumption, and risky sexual behaviors. Conclusions: The present study showed some important stressors influencing the hispanic migrants in the United States in their process of culture adaptation. These factors can be considered by the nursing professionals who are addressing the process of social adaptation of these populations.

RESUMO Introdução: Os imigrantes hispânicos que se mudam para os Estados Unidos passam por uma transição migratória altamente estressante, sofrendo alterações de saúde que continuam após sua chegada, o que pode dificultar sua adaptação à nova cultura. Identificar os fatores mais estressantes para os imigrantes hispânicos em seu processo de aculturação é essencial para a concepção de intervenções oportunas, nas quais o pessoal de enfermagem é um elemento central para isso. Objetivo: Identificar os estressores de aculturação entre os imigrantes hispânicos nos Estados Unidos. Desenvolvimento: Através de uma análise numérica dos dados quantitativos e análise temática dos resultados qualitativos, sugeridos pela metodologia de revisões sistemáticas exploratórias, foram identificados os estresses pessoais, ambientais, sociais e globais enfrentados pelos imigrantes hispânicos. Da mesma forma, são descritas as principais repercussões na saúde, tais como: angústia, ansiedade, depressão, ideação suicida, risco de consumo de álcool, comportamentos sexuais de risco, entre outros, que são derivados deste processo de transição Conclusões: Os encontros mais comuns entre os profissionais de enfermagem ocorrem durante os momentos de transição das pessoas, portanto é importante salientar que a transição cultural dos imigrantes hispânicos é acompanhada por fatores de estresse que afetam diretamente sua saúde. Este estudo mostra e classifica os fatores de estresse mais comuns, demonstra a necessidade da criação de estratégias voltadas para a adaptação social do imigrante hispânico e o envolvimento da enfermagem tanto no desenho quanto na liderança dessas estratégias.

El cuidado de las parteras nahuas prehispánicas de México en las crónicas de fray Bernardino de Sahagún / Care provided by prehispanic Nahuas midwives in Mexico according to the Chronicles of fray Bernardino de Sahagún / O cuidado das parteiras nahuas prehispánicas do México nas crónicas do fray Bernardino de Sahagún

Resumen Introducción: Reconstruir historias contribuye a forjar identidades sólidas. El ejercicio interdisciplinario desde la metodología histórica, permite vincular la disciplina de enfermería con las prácticas tradicionales de la partería del México Antiguo enfocada en la actividad del cuidado de la mujer embarazada. Objetivo: Interpretar el cuidado de las parteras nahuas prehispánicas de México en las crónicas de fray Bernardino de Sahagún. Desarrollo: Se analiza el papel de las parteras nahuas prehispánicas tomando como fuente primaria el facsímil del Códice Florentino o Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva España de fray Bernardino de Sahagún, disponible en la Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), en conjunto con fuentes secundarias de investigadores especialistas de la cultura náhuatl. Con base en la hermenéutica para la historiografía de la Colonia, la investigación se organiza en dos dimensiones, de lo general a lo particular. Mientras que la primera muestra los aspectos generales, geográficos, la cosmogonía y cosmovisión de la población estudiada; la segunda corresponde a las características sociales, culturales, políticas y fenomenológicas como son símbolos, cualidades, divinidades, además de significaciones en torno a la partera. Conclusiones: El estudio de la historicidad de la partería devela prácticas tradicionales permeadas de la cosmovisión mesoamericana, de las cuales subyace un cuidado multidimensional que ve a la mujer como un reflejo del cosmos, la tierra y el origen de lo sagrado. Asimismo, desde la cosmovisión de la partera se identifica un ejercicio de prácticas tradicionales, de las cuales subyacen premisas clasificadas como supuestos epistemológicos a partir de la acción.

Abstract Introduction: Reconstructing histories contributes to consolidate solid identities. Therefore, interdisciplinary actions, from the historic perspective, allow linking the discipline of nursing to the traditional midwifery practices which were focused on the care of pregnant women during the times of ancient Mexico. Objective: To interpret the way of caring of prehispanic Nahuas midwifes in Mexico based on the chronicles of fray Bernardino de Sahagún. Development: The role of prehispanic Nahuas midwives is analyzed through the consultation of a facsimile of the fray Bernardino de Sahagún Florentine Codex or General History of the Things of New Spain, available at the Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), as the main source, along with other secondary sources from diverse researchers of the Nahuatl culture. Based on the hermeneutics of the historiography of the colonial period, the research is organized in two dimensions: the general and the particular. While the first addresses the overall aspects related to the geography, cosmogony, and worldview of the studied population, the second focuses on the related social, cultural, political, and phenomenological characteristics, including the symbols, divinities, and meanings around midwifery. Conclusions: The study of this midwifery unveils traditional practices which suggest the prevalence of multidimensional care that addresses women as reflections of the universe, the land, and the sacred origin, all in agreement with the epistemological postures of these cultures.

Resumo Introdução: Reconstruir histórias contribui a forjar identidades sólidas. O trabalho interdisciplinar desde a metodologia histórica, permite ligar a disciplina de enfermagem com as práticas tradicionais da parteria do México Antigo focada na atividade do cuidado da mulher grávida. Objetivo: Interpretar o cuidado das parteiras nahuas prehispánicas do México nas crónicas do fray Bernardino de Sahagún. Desenvolvimento: Analisa-se o papel das parteiras nahuas prehispánicas tomando como fonte primária o fac-símile do Códice Florentino ou História Geral das Coisas da Nova Espanha de fray Bernardino de Sahagún, disponível na Biblioteca Central de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), em conjunto com fontes secundárias de pesquisadores especialistas da cultura náhuatl. Com base na hermenêutica para a historiografia da Colônia, a pesquisa organiza-se em duas dimensões, do geral para o particular. Enquanto a primeira mostra os aspectos gerais, geográficos, a cosmogonia e cosmovisão da população estudada, a segunda corresponde às caraterísticas sociais, culturais, políticas e fenomenológicas como são: símbolos, qualidades, divindades e significações em volta à parteira. Conclusões: O estudo da historicidade da parteria revela práticas tradicionais impregnadas da cosmovisão mesoamericana, das quais subjaz um cuidado multidimensional que vê à mulher como um reflexo do cosmos, a terra e a origem sagrada. Da mesma forma, desde a cosmovisão da parteira identifica-se um exercício de práticas tradicionais, das quais subjazem pressupostos classificados como supostos epistemológicos a partir da ação.

Central blood pressure and vascular stiffness in Mexican population / Presión central aórtica y rigidez vascular en mexicanos

Abstract Introduction: Central blood pressure (CBP) is considered a measure of prognostic value for cardiovascular risk. In turn, the aortic pulse wave velocity (PWVAo) and augmentation index (Aix) have been related to arterial stiffness and cardiovascular risk. Controversies exist regarding the reference values in different ethnic groups, ages, and anthropometrics. The objective of this study is to evaluate the CBP and arterial stiffness parameters in a Mexican population by age, gender, and anthropometry. Methods: Between 2015 and 2016, 1009 apparently healthy subjects were recruited in the Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Using the Arteriograph (TensioMed) equipment with an oscillometric technique, CBP, central pulse pressure (cPP), PWVAo, and Aix were acquired. All results were automatically obtained by computer software version 3.0.0.4. Results: Female sex was prevalent (72%), mean age was 47 ± 12 years; 26% had normal weight, 43% were overweight, and 30% had obesity. The reference values were higher than those reported in other populations. PWVAo and Aix were always found to be higher in females. A central-brachial pressure gradient was observed in < 40 years with lower CBP. Body mass index (BMI) presented a direct and positive correlation with CBP (p < 0.001); however, PWVAo and Aix were not modified. Conclusion: CBP, cPP, PWVAo, and Aix parameters should be considered based on age, gender, and BMI. In Mexican population, CBP and cPP values were higher compared with other previously reported values, especially in women, the elderly, and obese. PWVAo and Aix are higher in older women; however, they are not modified by BMI.

Resumen Introducción: La presión central aórtica (PCA) se considera una medida del valor pronóstico. A su vez, la velocidad de la onda del pulso aórtico (VOPA) y el índice de aumento (IA) se han relacionado con la rigidez arterial y riesgo cardiovascular. Existen controversias sobre los valores de referencia en diferentes grupos. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar estos parámetros en una población mexicana por edad, género y antropometría. Métodos: Entre 2015 y 2016 se reclutaron 1,009 sujetos aparentemente sanos en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Usando el equipo de Arteriograph (TensioMed) con técnica oscilométrica, se adquirieron: PCA, presión de pulso central, VOPA e IA. Todos los resultados fueron obtenidos automáticamente. Resultados: El sexo femenino fue prevalente (72%), edad de 47 ± 12 años; 26% con peso normal, 43% con sobrepeso y 30% con obesidad. Todos los valores fueron superiores a los reportados en otras poblaciones. VOPA e IA siempre fueron más altos en mujeres. Se observó un gradiente de presión central-braquial en < 40 años, con menor PCA. El IMC presentó una correlación directa y positiva con la PCA (p < 0,001), sin embargo, VOPA e IA no se modificaron. Conclusión: Los parámetros de PCA, VOPA e IA deben considerarse en función de edad, género e IMC. En una población mexicana, los valores de PCA fueron más altos en comparación con informados previamente (Europa y Asia), especialmente en mujeres, ancianos y obesos. VOPA e IA son más altos en mujeres mayores; sin embargo, no son modificados por el IMC.

Latin American and Spanish-speaking perspectives on the challenges of global psychiatry

The multi-faceted phenomenon known as globalization has a particular impact on the conceptual and practical development of mental health disciplines in general, and psychiatry in particular, across different world regions. To be theoretically and functionally effective, global psychiatry requires an integration of its different components. To such objective, and after a brief review of continental European and Anglo-Saxon contributions, this article examines the history, characteristics, and contributions of Latin/Iberian American and Spanish-speaking psychiatry, in order to substantiate its role in world psychiatry. The Latin American proper (including Portuguese-speaking Brazil), Spain, and U.S.-based Hispanic components are described, revealing an identity that is based on a humanistic tradition, a value-based, culturally-determined clinical approach to patient care, and a pragmatic adaptation of different treatment resources and techniques. These may constitute supportive elements of an instrumental inter-regional bond in the present and future of our discipline.

Efficiency of ODI and APDI of Kim's cephalometric analysis in a Latin American population with skeletal open bite

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this research was to demonstrate the efficiency of the overbite depth indicator (ODI) and the anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI) from Kim's cephalometric analysis, regarding the determination of the vertical and sagittal patterns of Latin American individuals. Methods: Two hundred lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected and divided into four study groups, with 50 radiographs each, for carrying out a cross-sectional study. The control group included radiographs of balanced individuals, and the other three groups had lateral cephalometric radiographs of subjects with Class I, II and III malocclusions and with skeletal open bite. After the pilot test was performed to calibrate the investigator, the ODI and APDI were measured. Descriptive statistics were performed and the one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey HSD, or Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test were used. Also a multiple linear regression was employed. Results: Statistically significant differences were found for the ODI of all groups (p< 0.001), except between Class I group (65.87 ± 4.26) and Class II open bite group (67.19 ± 3.58), both with similar values to each other. For APDI, statistically significant differences were also found for all groups (p< 0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the balanced group (83.18 ± 1.71) and Class I group with skeletal open bite (81.78 ± 2.69). Conclusions: ODI and APDI are reliable indicators to evaluate the sagittal and vertical patterns of an individual, demonstrating their efficiency when a Latin American population was evaluated.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo desta pesquisa foi demonstrar a eficácia do indicador de profundidade da sobremordida (ODI) e do indicador de displasia anteroposterior (APDI) da análise cefalométrica de Kim, no que diz respeito à determinação dos padrões vertical e sagital em indivíduos latino-americanos. Métodos: duzentas telerradiografias em norma lateral foram selecionadas e divididas em quatro grupos, com 50 radiografias cada, para a realização desse estudo transversal. O grupo controle incluiu radiografias de indivíduos com oclusão normal, e os outros três grupos incluíram, respectivamente, radiografias de indivíduos com má oclusão de Classe I, Classe II e Classe III, com mordida aberta esquelética. Após a realização de um estudo piloto para calibração do investigador, fez-se a medição do ODI e do APDI. Foram realizadas estatísticas descritivas e utilizados os testes ANOVA de uma via com post-hoc HSD de Tukey, ou teste de Kruskal-Wallis e teste U de Mann-Whitney. Também foi realizada uma regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas para o ODI entre todos os grupos (p< 0,001), exceto entre os grupos Classe I (65,87 ± 4,26) e Classe II com mordida aberta (67,19 ± 3,58), ambos com valores semelhantes entre si. Para o APDI, também foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre todos os grupos (p< 0,001). Entretanto, não foi encontrada nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o grupo controle (83,19 ± 1,71) e o grupo Classe I com mordida aberta esquelética (81,78 ± 2,69). Conclusões: tanto o ODI quanto o APDI são indicadores confiáveis para se avaliar os padrões sagital e vertical de um indivíduo, tendo sua eficácia comprovada para uso na população latino-americana estudada.

Prevalence of dental paleopathology in a peruvian pre-hispanic population / Prevalencia de paleopatologías dentales en una población prehispánica peruana

Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental paleopathologies in a Peruvian prehispanic population. Material and Method: A descriptive, observational and transversal study was carried out. The sample consisted of 106 skeletal remains of pre-hispanic inhabitants, over 18 years of age, found in the El Brujo - Magdalena de Cao Archaeological Complex, Lambayeque - Peru. The selection criteria were defined and the presence of dental caries, malocclusion, crowding, dental anomalies of direction and site, age and sex of each bone was assessed using a data collection instrument designed for that purpose. Results: The sample showed presence of dentin caries (62.3%), enamel caries (37.7%), Class I malocclusion (76.4%), Class II malocclusion (4.7%), Class III malocclusion (4.7%), maxillary crowding (15.1%), mandibular crowding (19.8%), crowding in both jaws (13.2%), gyroversion (20.8%), vestibule-versions (15.1%), linguo-versions (17.9%) and dental transposition (5.7%). Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence of caries and malocclusions in this Peruvian pre-hispanic population.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de paleopatologías dentales en una población prehispánica peruana. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal cuya muestra estuvo conformada por 106 restos óseos de habitantes prehispánicos, mayores de 18 años, hallados en el Complejo Arqueológico El Brujo ­ Magdalena de Cao, Lambayeque ­ Perú. Se definieron los criterios de selección y se evaluó la presencia de caries dental, maloclusión, apiñamiento, anomalías de dirección, anomalías de sitio, edad y género de cada uno de los restos óseos utilizando un instrumento de recolección de datos destinado para tal fin. Resultados: La muestra mostró presencia de caries de dentina (62.3%), caries de esmalte (37.7%), maloclusión clase I (76.4%), maloclusión clase II (4.7%), maloclusión clase III (4.7%), apiñamiento en el maxilar superior (15.1%), apiñamiento mandibular (19.8%), apiñamiento en ambos maxilares (13.2%), giroversiones (20.8%), vestíbulo-versiones (15.1%), linguo-versiones (17.9%) y transposición dental (5.7%). Conclusión: Los resultados demuestran una alta prevalencia de caries y maloclusiones en la población peruana prehispánica.

Hispanic Ethnicity and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2013 / Riesgo cardiovascular entre Hispano-Americanos residiendo en los Estados Unidos: El sistema conductual de vigilancia de factores de riesgo 2013

ABSTRACT Background: Although the leading cause of death among Hispanics living in the United States (US) is cardiovascular disease (CVD), the association between Hispanic ethnicity and CVD has been scarcely explored. Objective: To examine whether being Hispanic is associated with an increased risk of CVD compared with the non-Hispanic US adult population in 2013. Methods: Secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey in 2013 (n=486,905). The main exposure variable was Hispanic ethnicity (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban or Spanish origin) and the main outcome variable was self-reported CVD (myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease/angina). The main covariates were sex, age, education, income, healthcare access, exercise, body mass index, current smoking, heavy drinking, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions were used to assess the effect between ethnicity and self-reported CVD. Odds ratios (OR) and 99% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: In total, 12% of the study participants were Hispanic (n=57,257). Approximately 24% of Hispanics were 25-34 y/o while (21%) of non-Hispanic were >65 y/o. After adjustment, Hispanics were 30% less likely to report CVD compared with non-Hispanics (OR=0.7; 99%; CI=0.6-0.8). Compared with men, women had a 40% decreased risk of having CVD (OR=0.60; 99% CI=0.5-0.6). Advanced age, lower educational attainment, income <$15,000/year, lack of exercise, smoking, non-heavy drinking, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia increased statistically significantly the likelihood of reporting CVD. Conclusion: The findings suggest that, in general, Hispanics residing in the US are significantly less likely to self-declare if they had a CVD compared with non-Hispanic Americans. These data suggest that although Hispanics are generally poorer and have less access to education and health services, their self-perceived health is better than in non-Hispanic residents of the US.

Resumen Introducción: Aunque la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) es una de las mayores causas de defunción entre los hispanos que viven en los EE. UU, la asociación entre la etnia hispana y la ECV apenas se ha explorado. Objetivo: Examinar si ser hispano se asocia con un mayor riesgo de padecer ECV en comparación con la población adulta no Hispana de los EE. UU, basados en los datos de la encuesta nacional sobre factores de riesgo conductuales del 2013. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis de datos secundario de la información obtenida del Sistema de Vigilancia del Factor de Riesgo Conductual (BRFSS) para estudiar la asociación entre origen étnico (hispanos: mexicano, puertorriqueño, cubano o de origen español vs. no hispanos) y la ECV en los encuestados a través del sistema BRFSS. Utilizamos una regresión logística para obtener modelos ajustados y no ajustados para evaluar el efecto de las características de la población seleccionada en participantes que informaron tener o no ECV. Resultados: En este estudio se incluyeron 486905 adultos, (48% hombres) y 57257 (11,8%) que se autodefinieron como hispanos. Aproximadamente el 24% de los hispanos tenían entre 25 y 34 años, mientras que un 21% de los no hispanos tenían más de 65 años. Después del ajuste de variables, los hispanos tenían un 30% menos de probabilidades de reportar una ECV en comparación con los no hispanos (OR = 0.7, 99% CI = 0.6-0.8); las mujeres mostraron un 40% menos de probabilidades de presentar una ECV (OR = 0,60; IC del 99% = 0,5-0,6). Tener más edad, menos nivel de educación formal, ganar menos de <$ 15000 / año, el sedentarismo, el tabaquismo, el consumo excesivo de alcohol, la diabetes, la hipertensión y la hiperlipidemia aumentaron significativamente la probabilidad de presentar una ECV. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que en general, los hispanos que residen en los EE. UU, especialmente mujeres, tuvieron una probabilidad significativamente menor de autoreportar que tuvieron una ECV en comparación con los norteamericanos no hispanos.

Dermoscopic features of acral melanocytic nevi in a case series from Mexico

Abstract: Background: Pigmented lesions on acral sites are common; clinical differentiation of nevi and early melanoma can be challenging. In these cases, dermoscopy can provide a more accurate diagnosis. Most dermoscopic patterns on acral skin have been described in Asian and European populations, while there are few studies in Latin American populations. Objectives: To determine the frequency of pigmented lesions in volar skin and their dermoscopic patterns in a Mexican population. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in Hispanic patients with the presence of at least one pigmented lesion on acral skin. Clinical and dermoscopic images were obtained. These were subsequently evaluated independently by two dermatologists trained and experienced in dermoscopy. Results: A total of 582 pigmented lesions on volar skin were diagnosed in 321 patients. Overall, prevalence of acral pigmented lesions on volar skin was 6.8%. For both observers, parallel furrows were the most frequent pattern described, but for observer 2, a lattice-like pattern was prevalent on the toes and a homogeneous pattern on the sides of the feet. There was lower inter-observer agreement, with a kappa index of 0.144. Study limitations: The lesions were not biopsied, so clinical-histological correlation could not be performed. The study did not correlate dermoscopic patterns with age. Conclusions. As previously reported by other authors, parallel furrows were the most frequently found dermoscopic pattern on palmoplantar skin.

Clinicopathological relationship in Colombian patients with lupus nephritis / Relación clínicopatológica en pacientes colombianos con nefritis lúpica

ABSTRACT Background: There are several clinical and laboratory features for lupus nephritis diagnosis; however, renal biopsy remains as the gold standard. Different series have tried to establish the relationship between these findings, with conflicting results. Objective: To describe the correlation between clinical and laboratory variables with histo-logical biopsy-proven lupus nephritis. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted, between January, 2004 and December, 2012. Qualitative variables were described using absolute and relative frequencies, while quantitative variables were assessed by medians with interquartile range. The relationship with clinical findings was explored using chi-square maximum likelihood test, adjusted standardized residuals, hierarchical Kruskal-Wallis test, homogeneity of variance in data, post hoc Dunn's test, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and Mann-Whitney test. Results: 132 patients were included. Proliferative lupus nephritis was the most frequent (74%). The most common clinical condition was nephritic syndrome (46%); proteinuria was observed in 80%. No relationship was found between clinical syndromes and histological types; only statistically significant differences were observed between proliferative and nonproliferative forms regarding hematuria (72.1 vs. 46.7%; p = 0.012), C3 hypocomplementemia (70.9 vs. 43.3%; p = 0.007), 24-h proteinuria (2560 vs 741 mg; p = 0.001), and serum creatinine (1 vs. 0.77 mg/dL; p = 0.006). We found positive correlations between activity index and serum creatinine values, 24-h proteinuria, C3 hypocomplementemia, along with positive anti-DNA antibodies. Conclusion: There is a clinicopathological relationship within proliferative types and certain laboratory features (hematuria, elevated 24-h protein excretion, serum creatinine level, and C3 hypocomplementemia) in a mestizo population with lupus nephritis; nonetheless, no association was found with any other variables.

RESUMEN Introducción: Existen varias características clínicas y de laboratorio para el diagnóstico de la nefritis lúpica; sin embargo, la biopsia renal sigue siendo el estándar de oro. Diferentes series han tratado de establecer la relación entre estos hallazgos, con resultados contradictorios. Objetivo: Describir la correlación entre variables clínicas y de laboratorio con los hallazgos histológicos de nefritis lúpica comprobados por biopsia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2012. Se describieron las variables cualitativas utilizando frecuencias absolutas y relativas, mientras que las variables cuantitativas fueron evaluadas por medianas con rango intercuartílico. La relación con los hallazgos clínicos se exploró utilizando: prueba de probabilidad máxima de Chi-cuadrado, residuos estandarizados ajustados, prueba jerárquica de Kruskal-Wallis, homogeneidad en los datos de la varianza, prueba de Dunn post hoc, coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y prueba de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Se incluyeron 132 pacientes La nefritis lúpica proliferativa fue la más frecuente (74%). La condición clínica más común fue el síndrome nefrítico (46%); Se observó proteinuria en el 80%. No se encontró relación entre los síndromes clínicos y los tipos histológicos; solo se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las formas proliferativa y no proliferativa con respecto a: hematuria (72,1 vs. 46,7%; p = 0,012), hipocomplementemia C3 (70,9 vs. 43,3%; p = 0,007), proteinuria de 24 h (2.560 vs. 741 mg; p = 0,001) y creatinina sérica (1 vs. 0,77 mg/dl; p = 0,006). Se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre el índice de actividad y los valores de creatinina sérica, proteinuria de 24 h, hipocomplementemia C3, junto con anticuerpos anti-DNA positivos. Conclusión: Existe una relación clínico-patológica entre los tipos proliferativos y ciertos hallazgos paraclínicos (hematuria, elevación de 24 h de proteína, nivel de creatinina sérica e hipocomplementemia C3) en una población mestiza con nefritis lúpica; sin embargo, no se encontró asociación con ninguna otra variable.

Revisión sistemática de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en niños latinoamericanos con trauma craneoencefálico / Systematic review of health-related quality of life in latin american children with traumatic brain injury

RESUMEN La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) es una medida que permite cuantificar las consecuencias del traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE). En países angloparlantes la CVRS después del TCE infantil es un área importante de estudio, sin embargo, poco se conoce sobre el estado actual de la investigación en este tema en la población hispana. OBJETIVO: El propósito de este trabajo es realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la CVRS después de un TCE en niños y adolescentes latinos con el fin de conocer el estado actual de la investigación al respecto e identificar áreas de futuros estudios. MÉTODO: Se revisaron las bases de datos MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central, Redalyc y Scielo; solo tres de 209 registros cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. RESULTADOS: La CVRS después del TCE infantil es un campo de estudio que ha sido poco explorado, la calidad de la evidencia científica disponible es regular en 2 de los 3 estudios identificados. En los trabajos revisados se pone de manifiesto que pacientes que han presentado TCE moderado-severo se ven afectados en su CVRS durante los años que le siguen al daño cerebral. Se sugiere que la esfera psicosocial suele verse más afectada, lo que tiene implicaciones importantes en el funcionamiento escolar y en el bienestar psicológico del niño, ya que el desempeño académico puede verse comprometido debido a las secuelas cognitivas y a la aparición de conductas agresivas e irritabilidad. Es necesario desarrollar investigaciones en este campo con diseños metodológicos rigurosos que evalúen el curso de la CVRS después de un TCE, los predictores potenciales, estrategias de intervención y su impacto en el bienestar de la niñez latinoamericana.

SUMMARY The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a measure to quantify the consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). In English-speaking countries HRQOL after childhood TBI is an important field of study, however, little is known about the current state of research on this subject in the Hispanic population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to conduct a review of the literature on HRQOL after acquired brain injury associated to TBI in Latin American children in order to identify the current state of research on this subject and areas for future studies. METHOD . MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central, Redalyc and Scielo databases were reviewed; only three of 209 records met inclusion criteria. RESULTS: HRQoL after childhood TBI is a field of study that has been little explored, the quality of available scientific evidence is regular in two of the three studies identified. In the reviewed papers it is shown that patients who have presented moderate-severe TBI are affected in their HRQL during the years following brain damage. It is suggested that the psychosocial sphere is more affected, which has important implications for the school functioning and psychological well-being of the child, since academic performance can be compromised due to cognitive sequelae and the appearance of aggressive behaviors and irritability. It is necessary to develop research in this field with rigorous methodological designs that evaluate the course of HRQoL after TBI, potential predictors, intervention strategies and their impact on the well-being of Latin American children.

Exploring self-efficacy and perceived HIV risk among socioeconomically disadvantaged hispanic men / Exploración de la autoeficacia y la percepción de riesgo de VIH entre hombres hispanos de desventaja socioeconómica

The prevalence of HIV in Chile predominately affects the male population with the primary mode of transmission (99%) through sexual contact. In order to engage in safe sexual practices, men must have high sexual self-efficacy and perceived risk of infection, however, little research examines these variables with respect to HIV prevention. The purpose of this article is to review existing literature on self-efficacy and its connection with perceived HIV risk among Hispanic men, in order to direct future HIV prevention interventions among Chilean men. A literature search was conducted to identify studies for this review using three databases. A combination of Sullivan C., Ferrer l., Irarrázabal L., Villegas C., Cianelli R., Peragallo N. 43 2017, Horiz Enferm, 28,1,42-50 keywords was used to conduct the search and a total of 34 articles were analyzed. All of the articles reviewed examined the Hispanic male population with respect to either self-efficacy or perceived risk, or a combination of the two. Major themes emerging from the review include: substance use, condom use, cultural norms, relationship communication, negotiation, and homonegativity. The existing studies provide evidence for preventing future HIV infection among low socioeconomic status Chilean males and begin to establish a positive relationship between self-efficacy and perceived HIV risk. While additional studies are needed to provide further support, self-efficacy and perceived risk should be integral aspects of future prevention interventions.

La prevalencia del VIH en Chile afecta predominantemente a la población masculina con el principal modo de transmisión (99%) a través del contacto sexual. Para practicar el sexo seguro, los hombres deben teneruna alta autoeficacia sexual y la percepción del riesgo de infección, sin embargo, poca investigación examina estas variables con respecto a la prevención del VIH. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar la literatura existente sobre la autoeficacia y su relación con el riesgo de VIH percibida entre los hombres hispanos, a dirigir las futuras intervenciones de prevención del VIH entre los hombres chilenos. Una búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó para identificar los estudios para esta revisión utilizando tres bases de datos. Una combinación de palabras clave se utiliza para llevar a cabo la búsqueda y se analizaron un total de 34 artículos. Todos los artículos revisados examinaron la población masculina hispana con respecto a auto-eficacia y percepción de riesgofrente al VIH. Los temas principales que surgieronde la revisión incluyen: el uso de sustancias, el uso del condón, las normas culturales, la comunicación y la relación de negociación, y homonegatividad. Los estudios existentes proporcionan evidencia para prevenir una futura infección por VIH entre los hombres de estado socioeconómico bajo chilenas y comenzar a establecer una relación positiva entre la autoeficacia y el riesgo de VIH percibido. Se necesitan estudios adicionales para proporcionar más apoyo, autoeficacia y el riesgo percibido debe ser parte integrante de las intervenciones de prevención para el futuro.

Desarrollo de competencias informacionales en universidades hispanoamericanas: fundamentos teóricos para un modelo integral de evaluación

El presente documento expone los resultados de una investigación enfocada en la búsqueda de teorías que den sustento a lo que deberá ser un modelo para evaluar la participación institucional en el desarrollo de las competencias informacionales del estudiantado. La investigación se basa principalmente en revisión de la literatura y en las reflexiones que las lecturas inspiraron. Los resultados llevan a las personas autoras a concluir que un modelo de evaluación puede enmarcarse en la Teoría General de Sistemas en cuanto a la transformación que se espera lograr en estudiantes durante su paso por la universidad, pero que para lograr una visión más completa se requiere identificar una teoría del aprendizaje; se encuentra que la que puede brindar mayores explicaciones es la recientemente desarrollada Teoría del Conectivismo, como una forma de expansión de las teorías constructivistas del aprendizaje.

This document presents the results of a study focused on the search for theories to support what should be an evaluation model of university efforts aimed to develop student's information competencies. The research is mainly based on literature review and on the reflections that the readings inspired. The results lead the authors to conclude that an evaluation model can be framed in the General Systems Theory as to the transformation to be achieved by students during their pass by the university; nevertheless, for a more complete picture, it is necessary to identify a learning theory: we observe that one that may provide further explanations is the recently developed theory of Connectivism, as a way of expanding constructivist theories of learning.

Descripción clinicopatológica de las enfermedades glomerulares / Clinicopathological description of glomerular diseases

Resumen Objetivo: describir los hallazgos clínicos e histopatológicos de las enfermedades glomerulares diagnosticadas por biopsia. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo de la enfermedad glomerular según el compromiso clínico y los hallazgos histopatológicos obtenidos por biopsia renal en pacientes de 14 años o más atendidos en la Unidad Renal del Tolima en la ciudad de Ibagué, entre 1999 y 2014. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas y los reportes de la biopsia renal. Se clasificó la presentación clínica como: proteinuria nefrótica, proteinuria no nefrótica, síndrome nefrítico, hematuria monosintomática, disminución de la función renal, insuficiencia renal aguda. Resultados: ciento ochenta y un pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La mediana de creatinina fue 1.29 mg/dL. Todas las biopsias fueron estudiadas con inmunohistoquímica y 97.24% se estudió con microscopía electrónica. La edad promedio fue 36.93 ± 13.87 años. La nefropatía secundaria más frecuente fue lupus. La causa primaria más frecuente de síndrome nefrótico fue glomerulonefritis membranosa y la causa primaria más frecuente de proteinuria no nefrótica fue glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria. Conclusiones: la causa más común de glomerulopatía secundaria fue lupus, y las glomerulo-patías primarias más frecuentes fueron glomerulonefritis membranosa y glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria, similar a otros estudios. La nefropatía Ig A fue poco frecuente (5.52%). (Acta Med Colomb 2016; 41: 125-129).

Abstract Objective: to describe the clinical and histopathological findings of glomerular diseases diagnosed by biopsy. Material and Methods: a descriptive study of glomerular disease according to the clinical involvement and histopathologic findings obtained by renal biopsy in patients aged 14 years or older treated at the Renal Unit of Tolima in Ibague between 1999 and 2014. The collection data was conducted by reviewing medical records and reports of renal biopsy. The clinical presentation was classified as: nephrotic proteinuria, non-nephrotic proteinuria, nephritic syndrome, monosymptomatic hematuria, decreased renal function, acute renal failure. Results: one hundred eighty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. Median creatinine was 1.29 mg / dl. All biopsies were studied with immunohistochemistry and 97.24% was studied using electron microscopy. The average age was 36.93 ± 13.87 years. The most common secondary nephropathy was lupus. The most common primary cause of nephrotic syndrome was membranous glomerulonephritis and the most common primary cause of non-nephrotic proteinuria was focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Conclusions: the most common cause of secondary glomerulopathy was lupus, and the most common primary glomerular diseases were membranous glomerulonephritis and focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, similar to other studies. IgA nephropathy was rare (5.52%). (Acta Med Colomb 2016; 41: 125-129).

Evaluation of emotion-based messages designed to motivate Hispanic and Asian parents of early adolescents to engage in calcium-rich food and beverage parenting practices

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Setting healthful beverage expectations, making calcium-rich foods and beverages (CRF/B) available, and role modeling are parenting practices promoting calcium intake among early adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate emotion-based messages designed to motivate parents of early adolescents to perform these practices. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Emotion-based messages were developed for each parenting practice and tested in 35 parents from 5 states. Findings were used to modify messages and develop a survey administered via Amazon MechanicalTurk to a convenience sample of Asian (n = 166) and Hispanic (n = 184) parents of children 10-13 years. Main outcome measures were message comprehension, motivation, relevance, acceptability, and novelty. Engagement in the parenting practices was also assessed. RESULTS: Message comprehension was acceptable for the majority of parents. Most also agreed that messages were motivational (setting healthful beverage expectations (69.0%), making CRF/B available (67.4%), and role modeling (80.0%)), relevant and acceptable. About 30-50% indicated they had not seen the information before. Many parents indicated they were already engaging in the practices (> 70%). No racial/ethnic differences were observed for responses to messages or engaging in parenting practices. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that emotion-based messages designed to motivate parents to engage in parenting practices that promote calcium intake among early adolescents were motivating, relevant, and acceptable.