Role Of Adjuvant Radiotherapy In Carcinoma Endometrium

Background: Endometrial carcinoma usually present in 6th and 7th decades of life averages age of 60. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer presenting a decade earlier when compared with western world. Surgery is the primary treatment for non metastatic endometrial carcinoma followed by adjuvant radiotherapy used in selected cases depending upon adverse histopathological features like stage and grade.Topic was undertaken to study the significance of adjuvant radiotherapy in post operative cases of carcinoma endometrium in decreasing the recurrence.Methods :20 patients of postoperative cases of carcinoma endometrium were selected depending up on the post operative histopathological report. The entire patient were given adjuvant radiotherapy.Results :30% of patients developed grade I gastrointestinal, toxicity. 30% of patients developed grade I bladder toxicity. 19 patients completed adjuvant radiotherapy along with brachytherapy, I patient received intracavitary brachytherapy only.Conclusion :Adjuvant radiotherapy (External Beam radiotheraphy plus vaginal brachytherapy) to operative cases of carcinoma endometrium, significantly decreased the relapse.

Extraskeletal Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma in the Axillary Region: Reports of Two Cases

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (EMCs) are relatively uncommon, and a location in the upper extremity, especially in the shoulder or axillary region, is rare. Furthermore, the radiographic findings of EMCs do not show any features that distinguish them from other neoplasms, and therefore, definitive diagnoses are made based on histological features. EMC is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis, and requires wide surgical excision. However, its treatment may involve peculiarities such as a difficulty in obtaining a proper surgical margin in the axillary region or shoulder. In this report, the authors present two rare cases of EMCs in the axillary region.

The histological features of papillary thyroid carcinomas 1.5 cm and less in size / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: A number of studies have shown that papillary microcarcinomas have a more favorable prognosis than do the larger tumors. However, some microcarcinomas may have a negative outcome. So, we investigated the histological features of small (1.5 cm) tumors. METHODS: Between January, 1996 and December, 2000, 178 patients were diagnosed and operated on for their differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma at Pusan National University Hospital. We reviewed the charts and pathologic records of these patients and we analyzed them retrospectively. According to the tumor size 1.5cm, we divided the tumors into two groups and then compared the histological features. RESULTS: Small papillary thyroid carcinomas have a favorable outcome in most cases. However, small papillary thyroid carcinomas present with signs of aggressiveness at presentation, including lymph node metastases (33.3%), multifocality (12.5%), bilateral involvement (12.5%) and extrathyroidal extension (16.7%). Compared with larger tumors, the frequency of theses signs was similar, except for lymph node metastases, in the small papillary thyroid carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one third of the small papillary thyroid cancer 1.5 cm and less in size had neck lymph node metastases at presentation and the signs of aggressiveness were similarly present as compared with the larger tumors. We suggested that the standard treatment is desirable as a therapeutic strategy of small papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Radiation nephropathy / 医学研究生学报

Radiation nephropathy refers to the damage of renal parenchyma and blood vessel caused by sufficient exposure to ionizing radiation.The clinical presentation includes proteinuria,hematuria,anemia,hypertension,and azotemia.Histological features include capillary loop thickening,mesangiolysis,formation of the double contours,subendothelial swelling,tubular atrophy,and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.Similar changes are seen in a variety of experimental animal models.The pathogenesis of radiation nephropathy remained unclear.It is reported that radiation-induced changes in kidney cell phenotype,renin angiotensin system(RAS) and oxidative stress is clearly involved.Multiple experimental studies have shown that antagonism of the RAS is beneficial,even when not initiated until weeks after irradiation.Recent findings suggest a similar benefit in clinical radiation nephropathy.