Association among Histopathology, Clinical Manifestation, and Ultrasonographic Grades in Pediatric Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Liver biopsy remains the best way to diagnose NASH and establish the presence of fibrosis, but has not been performed easily in children because of its invasiveness. We analyzed the ultrasonographic and histopathologic findings of pediatric NAFLD patients, and studied to find their association with clinical characteristics and laboratory findings. METHODS: The study involved 18 obese children ranging from 7 to 15 years of age, who were diagnosed with NASH by liver biopsy. We performed the abdomen ultrasonography before the liver biopsy. We reviewed their pathology slides and classified them by NASH CRN (Clinical Research Network) scoring system. We also reviewed the abdomen ultrasonographic findings of the patients and classified them into grade of 1, 2, and 3. We reviewed the medical records of the patients and investigated their clinical characteristics and laboratory findings. RESULTS: The ultrasonographic grades had significant association with NAFLD activity score, grade of steatosis amount, ballooning change, and portal inflammation. Serum triglyceride level was significantly higher in patients who showed high grade steatosis and high NAFLD activity score. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that serum triglycerides and ultrasonographic findings are highly correlated with pathologic findings in children with NAFLD.

Changes in Cadmium Deposit and Histopathologic Finding of Testis, Liver and Kidney in Cadmium Exposed Rats / 대한산업의학회지

To assess the changes of cadmium deposit and histopathologic finding of testis, liver and kidney, different dose of cadmium (Cd) was administered into male Sprague-Dawley rat(purchased from KIST, Korea Institute of Science and Technology) by single intravenous injection. At 12, 24, 48, 168 and 672 hours after Cd injection, tissue cadmium concentration and histopathological change were examined. Cd exposed group showed lesser weight gain than the control. Renal Cd content tended to increase in time-dependent pattern, while hepatic and testicular Cd content tended to decrease. Mean of renal Cd content to hepatic Cd content (Cd K/Cd L) also progressively increased. These results suggest that Cd might be gradually transported to kidney fro other organs. In testis and liver, degenerative changes appeared relatively in acute phase. These changes became more pronounced in testis, while less prominent in liver. In kidney, swelling of proximal tubluar cells and thickening of glomerular basement membrane appeared relatively later and these changes were progressively aggravated.

Induction Of Metallothionein And Toxicity In Acute Cadmium Intoxicated Rat / 예방의학회지

Thirty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with cadmium chloride solution ranging from 0.2 to 3.2mg CdCl2/kg by intravenous single injection. At 48 hours after administration of cadmium, total cadmium, MT bound cadmium and histopathologic finding in liver, kidney, lung, heart, testis, metallothionein in liver, kidney and total cadmium in blood were examined. Tissue cadmium concentration was highest in liver, followed by in kidney, heart, lung and testis. Cadmium bound to metallothionein(MT-Cd) and ratio of MT-Cd to total cadmium were increased in liver and kidney dependently of cadmium exposure dose, but not significantly changed in other organs. On histopathologic finding, the most susceptible organ was heart in considering cadmium exposed dose, but testis in considering cadmium concentration. Blood cadmium concentration was increased with dose-dependent pattern, and significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration, so that we may estimate tissue cadmium concentration by measurement of blood cadmium concentration. Metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with dose-dependent pattern, higher in liver than in kidney, and was significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration. However, metallothionein induction efficiency of tissue cadmium(microgram MT/microgram Cd) was greater in liver than in kidney, and reverse to tissue concentration or exposed dose of cadmium.

Experimental Study on the Destruction and Recovery of the Blood Retinal Barrier after Photocoagulation and Cryotherapy in the Rabbits

The primary purpose of the study is to investigate the destruction and recovery of the blood retinal barrier after photocoagulation and cryotherapy in the rabbits. The 110 pigmented rabbits were used in this experiment. After photocagulation and cryotherapy we injected intravenousely a dose of 25 mg/kg of fluorescein sodium, and then sampled blood and vitreous and measured the concentration of fluorescein sodium by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The calculated penetration ratio which indicates the destruction of the blood retinal barrier is obtained by dividing fluorescein sodium concentration of vitreous by integral of fluorescein sodium concentration of the plasma from 3 min to 60 min. Subsequently, fundus photography and enucleation for flat preparation were performed in each experimental rabbit. The fluorescein concentration of vitreous of the normal rabbit is 3.60 +/- 4.75 X 10(-9)gm/ml and its penetration ratio is 0.20 +/- 0.23 X 10(-6) min. After measuring the correlation between the frequency of photocoagulation and penetration ratio and between the frequency of cryotherapy and penetration ratio, we found out that the correlation coefficient was 0.885 and 0.909 respectively. And this experiment showed that penetration ratio was higher in cryotherapy group than in photocoagulation group. In addition, we divided these experimental animals into 4 groups, mild and severe cryotherapy groups and lighter and heaver photocoagulation groups, and assessed the penetration ratio of these four groups at 1,3,7,14,28, and 42 days after treatment. As a result, penetration ratio was highest at 3 days after treatment and was almost back to normal by 42 days in all experimental groups except in severe cryotherapy group. Compared with photocagulation groups, cryotherapy groups showed more extensive destruction and delayed recovery of the blood retinal barrier. In fundus photography, in the photocoagulation groups white patch was developed after treatment, at 7 days white patches disappeared and were replaced by pigmented and scarred tissue; by 42 days the margin of these lesions was indistinct and the lesions were changed into relatively small scarred patches. On the other hand, in the cryotherapy groups the thick round white patch wasdeveloped after treament, at 7 days large round white patches disappeared and were replaced by pigmented and scarred tissue; by 42 days the lesions were replaced by large scarred patches with pigmentation and depigmentation. In flat preparation, in the photocoagulation groups central necrotic zone and intermediate zone with hyperpigmentation and peripheral zone with hypopigmentation was presented at 1 day. In the cryotherapy groups the diminished density, in the center and white ring at the margin was revealed at 1 day. From 7 days in photocogulation groups and from 14 days in the cryotherapy groups, retinal pigment epithelium began to show proliferation and by 42 days, retinal pigment epithelial layer of both groups except severe cryotherapy group was replaced by relatively normal retinal pigment epithelium.

Four Cases Which were Mis-diagnosed as Granuloma Pyogenicum / 대한피부과학회지

We have experienced 4 cases which were clinically diagncsed as granuloma pyogenicum, but histologically as a malignant melanorna, an eccrine angiomatous hamartoma with granuloma pyogenicum, a subungual exostosis, and a lipoma, with granulation tissue. A granuloma pyogenicum may have clinical resemblances to various benign or malignant lesions. Therefore, any lesion that resembles a granuloma pyogenicum should have this clinical impression confirmed by histologic examination.