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Background: Congenital Pouch colon(CPC) is a rare variant of anorectal malformations (ARM) whose etiopathogenesis and management are not yet standardized. This prospective study seeks to establish the histopathological characteristics and it’s inference on the etiopathogenesis, management and prognosis of CPC. Methods: This was a prospective comparative study including all neonates with CPC and other high ARM. The excised pouch from the neonates with CPC and a strip of sigmoid colon from other high ARM patients were sent for biopsy and the histopathological features compared. Results: Histopathogical abnormalities were seen involving all the layers of the colonic pouch including mucosa, submucosa and muscularis propria. The statistically significant histopathological differences in the colonic pouch as compared to normal sigmoid colon were mucosal necrosis, focal erosions, inflammation and haemorrhage, muscularis mucosa fibrosis, submucosal congestion and haemorrhage, widening, fibrosis and presence of lymphoid follicles and circular and longitudinal muscle disarray and fibrosis. Also seen was a significant inflammatory infiltrate permeating all the layers of the pouch. Conclusion: CPC has histopathological abnormalities in all the layers of the colon. It is thus pathologically abnormal tissue. The widespread inflammatory reaction in all layers of the CPC raises the possibility of some environmental factor having a role in etiopathogenesis of CPC.
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Background: Placenta is a dynamic tissue synthesized physiologically to serve as a nutrient source for developing fetus it is exposed to several changes in reaction to many toxemic conditions associated with pregnancies. Studies had proved that placental changes observed on histomorphology is directly proportional to reaction to hemodynamic compensatory mechanisms, thereby aiding the obstetricians to manage the sequelae of complications. Objective of this study was to study the placental histomorphology in pregnancies associated with pre-eclampsia and to quantitate the observed placental changes.Methods: The study comprised on 101 placental specimens obtained from department of obstetrics and gynecology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry. Toxemia of pregnancies were divided into mild, severe preeclampsia and eclampsia based on blood pressure. The 101 cases were divided as 4 groups: Group 1 (control group); Group 2 (mild preeclampsia); Group 3 (severe preeclampsia); Group 4 (eclampsia).Results: Among the 101 cases, 38 placentas were from uncomplicated full-term deliveries which constitutes the control group. The rest 63 placenta were from toxemia of pregnancies which constitutes the study group.Conclusions: The incidence of toxemic pregnancies and pre-eclamptic cases are on higher margin than assumed. Histomorphology examination of placenta plays a vital role in assessing etiopathogenesis and mechanism of toxemic pregnancies. This aids the obstetrician to further manage subsequent sequelae and fix the complication to significant proportion.
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ABSTRACT Cancer is considered a public health problem and is commonly known because of its high mortality rate worldwide. The histopathological evaluation is a fundamental requirement to determine the nature of the lesion, thus it is considered the gold standard examination for diagnosis of neoplasia. The present study aims to evaluate the histopathological profile of patients with malignant tumors diagnosed at a reference hospital in the Agreste Pernambucano. A cross-sectional, descriptive study of a quantitative documentary survey was conducted using the database of the clinical analysis laboratory of the referred Hospital in the field of pathology in the year 2016. A total of 74 cases were selected, and the male gender was the most affected. The age group of patients with the highest prevalence was between 50 and 70 years of age. Clinical characteristics: The most prevalent anatomical location with tumors was both the colon/rectum (30%) and skin (30%). The most common histological type was adenocarcinoma (47.2%). The pathological profile of cancer patients in the region studied were characterized, which served as a database for future epidemiological studies and as a subsidy for the implementation of preventive public policies for the population of this region.
RESUMEN El cáncer es considerado unproblema de salud pública y es comúnmente conocidopor su alta tasa de mortalidad en el mundo. La evaluación histopatológica es fundamental para determinar la naturaleza de la lesión, siendo considerada el examen estándar para el diagnóstico de neoplasias. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el perfil histopatológico de los pacientes diagnosticados con tumor maligno atendidos en un hospital de referencia del Agreste de Pernambuco. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, descriptivo de observación documental de naturaleza cuantitativa, utilizando el banco de datos del laboratorio de análisis clínicos del dicho hospital, en el sector de anatomopatología, en el ano de 2016. Se eligieron 74 casos, siendo el sexo masculino el más afectado. El grupo de edad con mayor prevalencia fue el de 50 a 70 anos. Características clínicas: la ubicación anatómica más frecuente de los tumores fue colon/recto (30%) y piel (30%); el tipo histológico más comúnmente encontrado fue el adenocarcinoma (47,2%). Se caracterizó el perfil patológico de los pacientes con cáncer en la región estudiada, lo que sirvió de base de datos para estudios epidemiológicos futurosy como subsidio a la implementación de políticas públicas preventivas dirigidas a la población de esa región.
RESUMO O câncer é considerado um problema de saúde pública e é comumente conhecido devido ao seu alto índice de mortalidade no mundo. A avaliação histopatológica é fundamental para determinar a natureza da lesão, sendo considerada o exame padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico de neoplasias. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o perfil histopatológico dos pacientes com diagnóstico de tumor maligno assistidos em um hospital de referência do Agreste Pernambucano. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal, descritivo de levantamento documental de natureza quantitativa, utilizando o banco de dados do laboratório de análises clínicas do referido hospital, no setor de anatomopatologia, no ano de 2016. Foram selecionados 74 casos, sendo o sexo masculino o mais acometido. A faixa etária de maior prevalência foi dos pacientes entre 50 aos 70 anos de idade. Característica clínicas: a localização anatômica mais prevalente com tumores foi cólon/reto (30%) e pele (30%); o tipo histológico mais comumente encontrado foi adenocarcinoma (47,2%). Caracterizou-se o perfil patológico dos pacientes com câncer na região estudada, o que serviu como base de dados para estudos epidemiológicos futuros e como subsídio para a implementação de políticas públicas preventivas para a população dessa região.
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of moxibustion on cardiac function and the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X (Bax), Fas, Fas ligand (FasL) in cardiomyocytes of chronic heart failure (CHF) rats, so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in preventing and treating CHF. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into normal control, model, moxibustion, Captopril and moxibustion ＋ Captopril (M＋C) groups (n＝12 rats/group). The CHF model was established by intraperitoneal injection of Adriamycin (ADR, from 1 to 4 mg/kg, once every other day for 15 days). Mild moxibustion was applied to bilateral"Feishu"(BL 13) and "Xinshu"(BL 15). Rats of the Captopril group was treated by gavage of Captopril suspension (5 mg/mL, 25 mL/kg), and those of the M＋C group treated by the combined two methods. All the treatments were given once a day for 3 weeks. The general conditions and behaviors of rats were observed. The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and right ventricular mass index (RVMI) were detected for assessing the cardiac performance. Morphological changes of myocardium were observed by HE staining. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the concentrations of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and precursor N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) in the serum. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas and FasL of the left ventricle of heart were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: After modeling, the pathological changes of myocardium (as myocardial cell swelling with vacuoles, myocardial fibre breakage, etc.) were obvious, the LVMI, RVMI, serum BNP and NT-pro BNP concentrations, and myocardial Bax, Fas and FasL protein expression levels were significantly increased in the model group compared with the normal group (P0.05)．. CONCLUSION: Moxibustion can reduce myocardial injury and improve cardiac function in CHF rats, which may be related to its effects in down-regulating the expression of myocardial Bax, Fas and FasL proteins, and up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 protein to inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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Objective To explore the genotoxic potential and histopathological changes induced in liver, kidney, testis, brain and heart after using the antibiotic drug amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (4:1). Methods The study included chromosomal aberration analysis in bone-marrow and mouse spermatocytes, induction of sperm morphological abnormalities and histopathological changes in different body organs. The drug was administrated orally at a dose of 81 mg/kg body weight twice daily (Total = 162 mg/kg/day) for various periods of time equivalent to 625 mg/men (twice daily). Results The results revealed non-significant chromosomal aberrations induced after treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AC) in both bone marrow and mouse spermatocytes after 7 and 10 days treatment. On the other hand, statistically significant percentages of sperm morphological abnormalities were recorded. Such percentage reached 8.10 ± 0.55, 9.86 ± 0.63 and 12.12 ± 0.58 at the three time intervals tested (7, 14 and 35 days after the 1st treatment respectively) (treatment performed for 5 successive days) compared with 2.78 ± 0.48 for the control. The results also revealed histopathological changes in different body organs after AC treatment which increased with the prolongation of the period of therapy. Congestion of central vain, liver hemorrhage and hydropic changes in hepatocytes were noticed in the liver. Degenerative changes were found in kidney glomerulus and tubules while testis showed atrophy of seminiferous tubules, and reduction of spermatogenesis. AC also induced neurotoxicity and altered brain neurotransmitter levels. Hemorrhage in the myocardium, disruption of cardiac muscle fibers and pyknotic nuclei in cardiomyocytes were recorded as side effects of AC in heart tissue. Conclusions The results concluded that AC treatment induced sperm morphological abnormalities and histopathological changes in different body organs. Clinicians must be aware of such results while describing the drug.
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Objective:To explore the genotoxic potential and histopathological changes induced in liver,kidney,testis,brain and heart after using the antibiotic drug amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (4∶1).Methods:The study included chromosomal aberration analysis in bone-marrow and mouse spermatocytes,induction of sperm morphological abnormalities and histopathological changes in different body organs.The drug was administrated orally at a dose of 81 mg/kg body weight twice daily (Total =162 mg/kg/day) for various periods of time equivalent to 625 mg/men (twice daily).Results:The results revealed non-significant chromosomal aberrations induced after treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AC) in both bone marrow and mouse spermatocytes after 7 and 10 days treatment.On the other hand,statistically significant percentages of sperm morphological abnormalities were recorded.Such percentage reached 8.10 ± 0.55,9.86 ± 0.63 and 12.12 ± 0.58 at the three time intervals tested (7,14and 35 days after the 1st treatment respectively) (treatment performed for 5 successive days) compared with 2.78 ± 0.48 for the control.The results also revealed histopathological changes in different body organs after AC treatment which increased with the prolongation of the period of therapy.Congestion of central vain,liver hemorrhage and hydropic changes in hepatocytes were noticed in the liver.Degenerative changes were found in kidney glomerulus and tubules while testis showed atrophy of seminiferous tubules,and reduction of spermatogenesis.AC also induced neurotoxicity and altered brain neurotransmitter levels.Hemorrhage in the myocardium,disruption of cardiac muscle fibers and pyknotic nuclei in cardiomyocytes were recorded as side effects of AC in heart tissue.Contusions:The results concluded that AC treatment induced sperm morphological abnormalities and histopathological changes in different body organs.Clinicians must be aware of such results while describing the drug.
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Objetivos: Determinar los cambios histopatológicos de los folículos dentales, en relación al espacio pericoronario y la posición de terceros molares no erupcionados. Material y Métodos: Se incluyeron en la investigación 128 folículos dentales, extraídos de 105 pacientes de ambos sexos. La medida de los espacios pericoronarios y la posición de los terceros molares fueron obtenidas de las radiografías panorámicas. Las muestras foliculares se enviaron para su estudio histológico; fueron fijadas en formol al 10% y coloreadas con Hematoxilina-Eosina, para posteriormente ser leídas por un Patólogo Oral. Los datos obtenidos fueron anotados en fichas para luego ser evaluadas estadísticamente mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: De los participantes, 60,9% eran del sexo femenino y el 39.1% del masculino con edades entre 15 a 49 años. Se encontró un (76,6%) de cambios histopatológicos foliculares. La relación de los cambios histopatológicos y la medida de espacios pericoronarios no fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,470), sin embargo se observó una alta prevalencia de patología folicular (75,7%) en el grupo de medidas =2,5mm, donde no debió observarse alteraciones. La relación entre cambios histopatológicos y la posición IB del tercer molar (90,9%) según la clasificación de Pell y Gregory fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,031). Conclusiones: Los cambios histopatológicos en etapas tempranas no son observables radiográficamente, por lo que es indispensable el estudio histológico complementario. Se recomienda extraer profilácticamente los terceros molares no erupcionados, para evitar el desarrollo de patología folicular y enviar de manera rutinaria todas las muestras foliculares para su estudio histológico.
Objectives: To determine the histopathological changes of the dental follicles in relation to pericoronary space and the position of un erupted third molars. Material and Methods:128 dental follicles taken from105 patients of both sexes were included in the research. The measurement of pericoronal spaces and position of the third molars were obtained from panoramic radiographs. Follicular samples were sent for histological study; they were fixed in10% formalin and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and then were read by an oral pathologist. The data were recorded on cards and then been evaluated statistically using the chi-square test. Results: Of the participants, 60.9% were femaleand 39.1% of men aged15-49years. One (76.6%) follicular histopathological changes were found. The relationship between histopathological changes and measure spaces pericoronal was not statistically significant (p =0.470), but a high prevalence of follicular pathology (75.7%) were observed in the group of measures=2.5mm, where should not be changes. The relationship between histopathological changes and IB position of the third molar (90.9%) according to the classification of Pelland Gregory was statistically significant (p =0.031). Conclusions: Histopathological changes at early stages are not observable radiographically, so the complementary histology is indispensable. It is recommended prophylactically extract unerupted third molars to prevent follicular pathology development and routinely send all follicular samples for histological examination.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of the polyphenolic rich Ficus asperifolia (Miq.) leaf extract in protecting rat testes against carbon tetrachloride-induced testicular damage in male Wistar rats. Thirty rats (weighing 140 - 180 g) were divided into five groups. In each treatment groups, aqueous extract of F. asperifolia (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw) administered by oral gavage for 21 days before exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 3 mL kg-1i.p. were used to test protective influence of the plant extract. Protective influence were observed on antioxidant marker enzymes such as reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malonaldehyde (MDA) and histological examination. Animal exposure to the CCl4 resulted in significant elevation in the MDA with concomitant depletion (p < 0.05) in the level of GPx, CAT and SOD activities compared with control. Daily oral administration of F. asperifolia showed beneficial and ameliorative effects in all biochemical parameter evaluated. Histopathological alteration in testes was observed in CCl4 untreated rats and was ameliorated inCCl4 rats treated with F. asperifolia. Result shows that the aqueous leaf extract of F. Asperifolia has ameliorative effect against carbontetrachloride-induced testicular toxicity.
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Aim To study the effect of pectin-adriamy-cin conjugate ( PAC) on cardiac toxicity .Methods 50 female SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 animals in each group .Adriamycin ( ADM ) group received 3 mg? kg -1 , ip, every other day for 6 times.PAC group received ADM equivalent 1.5,3 and 6 mg? kg -1 , ip, every other day for 6 times.Control group received normal saline parallel to ADM .Rats were sacrificed and the echocardiogram , cardiac en-zymes , the oxidative stress levels in myocardial cells and histopathological changes after 48 h administration were detected.S180 ascites tumor bearing mice models were established to investigate the antitumor activity of PAC.Results The survival rate of ADM group was 50% and that of PAC each group was 100%.PAC could significantly increase body weight ,heart index and immune index and increase HR ,EF,FS,reduce LVIDd, LVIDs.PAC could also significantly increase the AST , LDH, CK, CK-MB level in serum .GSH-Px and SOD activities of PAC group were significantly increased and MDA contents were reduced , and histopathological changes decreased .PAC could effectively inhibit the growth of tumor cells and extend the survival period of mice.Conclusion PAC induces a significant reduc-tion in cardiotoxicity by increasing survival rate , im-mune and cardiac function , improving cardiac en-zymes ,oxidative stress and myocardial cell injury , and also PAC has obvious antitumor effect .
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Clostridium difficile is recognized globally as an important enteric pathogen associated with considerable morbidity and mortality due to the widespread use of antibiotics. The overall incidence of C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is increasing due to the emergence of a hypervirulent strain known as NAP1/BI/027. C. difficile acquisition by a host can result in a varied spectrum of clinical conditions inclusive of both colonic and extracolonic manifestations. Repeated occurrence of CDAD, manifested by the sudden re-appearance of diarrhea and other symptoms usually within a week of stopping treatment, makes it a difficult clinical problem. C. difficile infection has also been reported to be involved in exacerbation of inflammatory bowel diseases. The first step in the management of a suspected CDAD case is the withdrawal of the offending agent and changing the antibiotic regimens. Antimicrobial therapy directed against C. difficile viz. metronidazole for mild cases and vancomycin for severe cases is needed. For patients with ileus, oral vancomycin with simultaneous intravenous (IV) metronidazole and intracolonic vancomycin may be given. Depending on the severity of disease, the further line of management may include surgery, IV immunoglobulin treatment or high dose of vancomycin. Adjunctive measures used for CDAD are probiotics and prebiotics, fecotherapy, adsorbents and immunoglobulin therapy. Among the new therapies fidaxomicin has recently been approved by the American Food and Drugs Administration for treatment of CDAD.
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Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agent. However, it generates free oxygen radicals that result in serious dose-limiting cardiotoxicity. Supplementations with Gmelina arborea (Verbenaceae) were proven effective in reducing oxidative stress associated with several ailments. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential protective effect of Gmelina arborea (GA) against DOX- induced cardiotoxicity in rats. GA was given orally to rats(250&500mg/kg) and DOX (20mg/kg) was administered on the seventh day. GA protected against DOX-induced increased the levels of marker enzymes. It significantly inhibited DOX-provoked glutathione (GSH) depletion in cardiac tissues. The reductions of cardiac activities of catalase (CAT) ,superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) were significantly mitigated. Pretreatment of GA significantly guarded against DOX-induced rise of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). GA alleviated histopathological changes in rats’ hearts treated with DOX. In conclusion, GA protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. The study can be attributed, at least in part, to GA’s antioxidant activity.
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Objective To observe early histopathological changes in explosive wounds at canine limbs after seawater inmersion.Methods Forty adult dogs,weighing 10 to 15 kg each,were assigned into 2 equal groups.The left hind limb of each dog in both groups was injured by a man-made explosion.The explosive wound was first washed by normal sodium.The 20 injured limbs in the experimental group (EG)were immersed in seawater for one hour while those in the control group (CG) were only exposed naturally for one hour without seawater immersion.All the wounds were covered with sterile dressing without suture.The pus and soft tissue at the wound were taken for pathological examination,bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test on day 3.The time of wound healing was recorded.Tissue sections were taken from the wounds for pathological examination at 4 and 8 weeks.Results Fifteen wounds (75％) were infected in the EG,significantly more than the 8 wounds infected (40％) in the CG( P ＜ 0.05).The wounds healed in a mean time of 38.4 days in the EG,significantly longer than the mean time for wound healing (23.1 days) in the CG ( P ＜ 0.05).In the EG,Vibrio infection caused more serious tissue necrosis and inflammatory reaction than Bacillus and coccus did.At 4 and 8 weeks,tissue necrosis and inflammatory reaction in the EG were worse than those in the CG.Conclusion Seawater immersion can lead to increased infective tissue necrosis and inflammatory reaction in an explosive wound,as well as longer time for wound healing.
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Scorpion envenomation is a life-threatening condition, especially in children and elderly individuals affected by respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the toxic effects of median lethal dose (LD50) injections of Mesobuthus eupeus (Me) venom on the heart and lungs of anesthetized rabbits were investigated. Six rabbits were selected and alterations in their electrocardiogram, heart rate, respiration and blood pressure before and after venom injection were recorded. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatinine kinase muscle-brain fraction (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured at 0, 1 and 3 hours after envenomation and pathology studies were carried out postmortem. All the animals showed signs and symptoms of envenomation within 40 minutes and died 3 to 3.5 hours after venom injection. Pathology studies revealed alveolar edema in 100 percent of the rabbits and myocardial infarction in 16 percent. The main histopathological changes were myocytolysis, coagulation necrosis, focal hemorrhage, thrombus formation both in myocardium and on endocardial surfaces as well as inflammatory infiltrates in the heart and hemorrhage, vascular thrombus and interstitial inflammation in the lungs. ECG monitoring of rabbits showed ST elevation, ST depression and inverted T and Q waves. In addition, although cTnT levels increased in 16 percent of the animals and serum LDH was also augmented, none of these changes was statistically significant. The enzyme CK-MB also did not show any change after Me venom injection. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that Me venom killed animals in less than 3.5 hours through severe pulmonary damage and it appears that the deaths could not be attributed to cardiovascular lesions. Therefore, Me venom effects on the lungs are so important that they appear to be independent of heart damage.(AU)
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Animals , Phosphotransferases , Scorpion Venoms , Cardiovascular Diseases , Troponin T , Scorpion Stings , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Lethal Dose 50ABSTRACT
To evaluate the progress of clinical and histopathological changes of dermat ophytosis caused by M. gypseum, its inoculation study was done in 16 male New Zealand white rabbits(control: 4, innoculation : l2). The results were as follows . Clinically Initial erythema, scales, and crusts developed in 1 week after inoculation. They reached maximum severity on the 14th to 18th day and disappeared on the 25th to 44th day after inoculation. I-Iist,opathologically : The earliest findings were mild focal acanthosis and for al vascular ilatations and cellular infiltrations of the papillary dermis on the 4th day after inoculation. Their severity increased to the moderate degree until the. 8th day when mild hyperkeratosis was notec1, and lasted to the 13th day, Maximum degree of the findings including parakiratosis, intraepidermal microabscesses and middermal changes was seen on the 16th to 22nd day, and disapveared gradually between the 25th day and the 46th day. Hyphae and spores were founil on the PAS stainings until the 22nd clay. M. gypseum was not cultured from the lesions after the 25th day. seven of 10 rabbits injected intradermally with trichophytons became positive in 2 to 4 weeks after inoculation. All these findings suggest that the maximum inflammatory response is the result of immunologic reaction and the increased epidermal turnover rate may play a. major role in the shedding of remained fungi of the horny layer.