Avaliação de cinco casos de abortamento associado à leptospirose em éguas no Rio Grande do Norte / Five cases of miscarriage associated with leptospirosis assessment mares in Rio Grande do Norte

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever casos de abortamento por leptospirose em éguas, ocorrido no município de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. Cinco éguas com histórico de abortamento foram submetidas a exames clínicos, hematológico e pesquisa de aglutininas anti-Leptospira para 22 diferentes sorovares, pelo Teste de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM). Foi realizado exame anatomopatológico da placenta e de um feto equino abortado com 9 meses de idade. A infecção por Leptospira sp. ocorreu em três éguas que abortaram, sendo uma positiva para o sorovar Pomona, título 800; uma para o sorovar Hardjo, título 400; uma para o sorovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, título 400. No exame anatomopatológico da placenta foram observados cotilédones edemaciados de coloração vermelho escuro, com áreas focais enegrecidas, friáveis e necróticos. No exame necroscópico do feto observou-se icterícia, presença de líquido sero-sanguinolento na cavidade abdominal, torácica e saco pericárdico, áreas multifocais de hemorragia no fígado, coração e pulmão, rins de consistência friável e áreas multifocais branco amareladas. Histologicamente, verificou-se necrose e inflamação do epitélio placentário coriônico; necrose difusa de hepatócitos e hepatite mononuclear; acentuada hemorragia no interstício do córtex renal, degeneração hidrópica e necrose das células do epitélio tubular e presença de cilindros hemáticos intratubular; além de nefrite intersticial mononuclear e pneumonia intersticial mononuclear difusa acentuada. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram títulos elevados de aglutininas anti-Leptospira em éguas e a presença de lesões histológicas nos órgãos fetais e placenta, confirmando a importância da Leptospira como agente causador de abortamento

This study aimed to describe cases of leptospirosis abortions in horses, which occurred in the city of Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. Five mares with abortion history, were submitted to clinical, hematological and detection of specific anti-Leptospira agglutinins facing 22 different serotypes, by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). It was performed a pathological examination of the placenta and an equine aborted fetus with 9 months old. The Leptospira sp. infection occurred in three mares that aborted. One was positive for Pomona, title 800; one for the Hardjo serovar, title 400 and one for Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar, title 400. In examination of the placenta were observed swollen cotyledons, dark red color with blackened focal areas, friable and necrotic. In the fetus's autopsy was observed icterus, serous-sanguineous fluid in the abdominal cavity, chest and pericardium, multifocal areas of hemorrhage in the liver, heart, lungs, and friable multifocal yellowish white areas in the kidney. Histologically, it was found necrosis and inflammation of the placental chorionic epithelium; diffuse necrosis hepatocyte and mononuclear hepatitis; severe hemorrhage in the interstitium of the renal cortex, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of the tubular epithelial cells and the presence of haematic intratubular cylinders; mononuclear interstitial nephritis and a severe diffuse interstitial mononuclear pneumonia. The results showed high levels of anti-Leptospira agglutinins in mares and presence of histological lesions in the placenta and fetal organs, confirming the importance of Leptospira as abortion-causing agent.

In vivo bone response and interfacial properties of titanium-alloy implant with different designs in rabbit model with time.

Background: Using implants for dental applications are well-accepted procedures as one of the solutions for periodontal defect repair. Suitable design and materials, their reaction with the surrounding hard tissues and interfacial biomechanical properties are still considered to be the primary criteria which need to be addressed systematically. In the present study, a thorough and systemic approach was made to identify a suitable implant, considering the above criteria after both in vitro and in vivo animal trials. Materials and Methods: Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) implants, with thread and without thread models, were implanted to the mid-metaphysial portion of the tibia of the right hind leg of three white Australian Chinchilla rabbit species and their effects and response to the surrounding bone were investigated. Parameters studied included hematological and biochemical features (serum alkaline phosphatase and calcium), both preoperatively and postoperatively, consecutively for 7 days and after 1-3 months. The interfacial integrity and compositional variation along the interface were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) and histopathology from 1 to 3 months consecutively. Finally, biomechanical properties were studied with the help of push-out test. Results: Bone remineralization started through the process of electro-physiological ionic exchanges, which helps in formation of osteoblastic cells in the area of bony injury. The SEM-EDAX results confirmed the initial stability for the Ti (with thread) implant, but the regeneration of new bone formation was faster in the case of Ti (Without thread) implant, and hence could be used for faster healing. These have also been substantiated through push-out and histopathlogical tests. Conclusion: From the physico-chemical and biomechanical observations, it was found that that smooth type implants were well accepted in the physiological condition although chances of elemental leaching from the surface were also observed. Increase of the surface roughness can help into the formation of physico-chemical bondage with the surrounding hard tissues.

Periapical repair after root canal filling with different root canal sealers

The aim of this study was to evaluate periapical repair after root canal filling with different endodontic sealers. Sixty-four root canals from dog´s teeth were filled, divided into 4 groups (n=16). Root canals were instrumented with K-type files and irrigated with 1 percent sodium hypochlorite solution. Root canals were filled in the same session by active lateral condensation of the cones and sealers: Intrafill, AH Plus, Roeko Seal and Resilon/Epiphany System. After 90 days, the animals were euthanized and the tissues to be evaluated were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. For histopathological analysis, the following parameters were evaluated: inflammatory process, mineralized tissue resorption, and apical mineralized tissue deposition. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that Intrafill had less favorable results in terms of apical and periapical repair, compared to the other sealers (p<0.05). AH Plus, Roeko Seal, and Epiphany sealers had similar and satisfactory results (p>0.05). In conclusion, AH Plus and the materials Roeko Seal and Epiphany are good options for clinical use in Endodontics.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o reparo periapical após obturação de canal radicular usando os cimentos Roeko Seal e Epiphany. Sessenta e quatro canais radiculares de dentes de cães foram obturados, divididos em 4 grupos (n=16). Os canais radiculares foram instrumentados com limas tipo K e irrigados com solução de hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento. Os canais radiculares foram obturados na mesma sessão usando condensação lateral ativa dos cones e os cimentos: Grupo I - Intra Fill; Grupo II - AH Plus; Grupo III - Roeko Seal e Grupo IV - Sistema Resilon/Epiphany. Após 90 dias, os animais foram mortos e os tecidos a serem avaliados foram processados e corados por hematoxilina e eosina. Para análise histopatológica, os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: processo inflamatório, reabsorção dos tecidos mineralizados e deposição de tecido mineralizado apical. A análise histopatológica demonstrou que o Intrafill teve resultados menos favoráveis em relação ao reparo apical e periapical comparado aos outros cimentos (p<0,05). AH Plus, Roeko Seal e Epiphany demonstraram resultados similares e satisfatórios (p>0,05). Conclui-se que o AH Plus e os materiais Roeko Seal e Epiphany são boas opções para uso clínico em endodontia.

Histopathological evaluation of different methods of experimental induction of periapical periodontitis

This study evaluated histopathologically different methods of experimental induction of periapical periodontitis. The radiographic and microbiological evaluations have been performed in a previous investigation. Fifty-seven root canals from dogs' teeth were assigned to 4 groups. In GI (n=14) and GII (n=14), the root canals were exposed to oral environment for 180 days; in GIII (n=14) and GIV (n=15) the root canals were exposed for 7 days and then the access cavities were restored and remained sealed for 53 days. The root apices of GI and GIII were perforated, whilst those of GII and GIV remained intact. After induction of periapical periodontitis, the dogs were euthanized. Serial sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Data of the histopathological evaluation were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests at 5 percent significance level. The inflammatory periapical reaction and resorption of mineralized tissues were less intense in GII than in the other groups (p<0.05). There was no histopathological difference among the experimentally induced periapical lesions in the teeth with coronal sealing. On the other hand, when coronal sealing was not performed, greater intensity of induced periapical periodontitis was observed in the teeth with apical perforation.

O objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação de diferentes métodos de indução de lesões periapicais. Cinqüenta e seis canais radiculares de dentes de cães foram divididos em 4 grupos. No GI (n=14) e no GII (n=14), os canais radiculares foram expostos à cavidade bucal por 180 dias; no GIII (n=14) e no GIV (n=15) os canais radiculares foram expostos por 7 dias e então as aberturas coronárias foram restauradas e permaneceram seladas por 53 dias. Os ápices radiculares do GI e GIII foram perfurados, enquanto os do GII e do GIV foram mantidos intactos. Após indução das lesões periapicais, os cães foram mortos. Cortes seriados foram obtidos e corados por hematoxilina e eosina. Os dados da análise histopatológica foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn com nível de significância de 5 por cento. A reação inflamatória periapical e reabsorção dos tecidos mineralizados foram menos intensos no GII que nos demais grupos (p<0,05). Não houve diferença histopatológica entre as lesões periapicais induzidas nos dentes com selamento coronário. Por outro lado, quando o selamento coronário não foi realizado, maior intensidade de lesão periapical induzida foi observada nos dentes com perfuração apical.