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1.
West Indian med. j ; 61(3): 219-223, June 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672889

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Offsprings of Type 2 diabetics have increased risk of metabolic disturbances. The aim of the study is to assess the potential effect of family history of Type 2 diabetes (FHD) and parental consanguinity on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Non-diabetic offsprings of one or both parents with Type 2 diabetes and healthy controls of comparable age, without a FHD were the subjects of this study. Family history of Type 2 diabetes was defined by the presence of Type 2 diabetes in one or both parents of the subject. Consanguinity was defined as history of marriage with a first cousin. Fasting plasma glucose levels were determined in cases and controls. RESULTS: Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was identified in 42% ofsubjects with FHD and in 14% without FHD. We found a strong independent association of FHD with impaired fasting glucose in both males and females by logistic regression analysis after adjusting the data for age, gender and body mass index (BMI). Parental consanguinity modifies the effect of FHD on IFG. CONCLUSION: We concluded that family history of diabetes and parental history of consanguinity determine the risk for impaired fasting glucose in this study population.


OBJETIVO: Los hijos con diabetes de Tipo 2 tienen un riesgo mayor de trastornos metabólicos. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto potencial de la historia familiar en la diabetes Tipo 2 (HFD) y la consanguinidad de los padres en los niveles de glucosa plasmática en ayunas (GPA). SUJETOS Y MÉTODOS: Los hijos no diabéticos de uno o ambos padres con diabetes de Tipo 2 y controles sanos de edad comparable, sin HFD, constituyeron los sujetos de este estudio. La historia familiar de diabetes de Tipo 2 se definió por la presencia de la diabetes de Tipo 2 en uno o ambos padres del sujeto. La consanguinidad se definió como la historia del matrimonio con un primer primo o prima. Los niveles de glucosa plasmática fueron determinados en los casos y los controles. RESULTADOS: La glucosa en ayunas alterada (GAA) fue identificada en el 42% de los sujetos con HFD y en 14% sin HFD. Se halló una fuerte asociación independiente fuerte de HFD con la glucosa en ayunas alterada tanto en varones como en hembras, mediante el análisis de regresión logística después de ajustar los datos de edad, género e índice de masa corporal (IMC). La consanguinidad de los padres modifica el efecto de HFD sobre la GAA. CONCLUSIÓN: Se llegó a la conclusión de que la historia familiar de diabetes y la historia de consanguinidad de padre y madre determina el riesgo de glucosa en ayunas alternada en la población bajo estudio.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Consanguinity , /genetics , Fasting/blood , /complications , Glucose Tolerance Test , Pakistan , Risk Factors
2.
Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 22(3): 210-224, sep.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-615046

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las complicaciones metabólicas más importantes para la morbilidad y mortalidad que se derivan de la obesidad tienen como común denominador la resistencia a la insulina. Objetivo: determinar la existencia de resistencia a la insulina e historia familiar de diabetes en un grupo de niños y adolescentes obesos con y sin acantosis nigricans. Métodos: se estudiaron 46 sujetos obesos con y sin acantosis nigricans (21 varones y 25 hembras), con edades entre 4 y 16 años, procedentes de la consulta de endocrinología del Hospital Pediátrico Docente William Soler, en el período de noviembre de 2006 a febrero de 2007. Se les realizó, además de examen físico y anamnesis, prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa con determinación de glucemia e insulinemia en ayunas y a las 2 h. Se utilizó como criterio de resistencia a la insulina el índice HOMA. Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes (36 sujetos) presentaron resistencia a la insulina, independientemente de la presencia o no de acantosis nigricans, que no estuvo relacionada con el grado de obesidad ni con el pliegue tricipital de grasa, pero sí con la historia familiar de diabetes tipo 2. La presencia de acantosis nigricans estuvo relacionada con el grado de obesidad. Se encontró un 13 por ciento de pacientes con criterios de prediabetes. Conclusiones: la obesidad y la historia familiar de diabetes tipo 2 en los niños y adolescentes se relacionan con la presencia de resistencia a la insulina, independientemente de la presencia de acantosis nigricans(AU)


Introduction: the more important metabolic complications for morbidity and mortality derived from obesity have in common the insulin resistance. Objective: to determine the insulin resistance and the family history of diabetes in a group of obese children and adolescents with and without acanthosis nigricans. Methods: forty six obese subjects with and without acanthosis nigricans (21 boys and 25 girls) aged between 4 and 16, from the William Soler Teaching Children Hospital were studied from November, 2006 to February, 2007. Also, they underwent a physical examination and anamnesis, a test of glucose tolerance with determination of fasting glycemia and insulinemia and at 12 hours. As criterion of insulin resistance the HOMA index was used. Results: most of patients (36 subjects) had insulin resistance, independently of the acanthosis nigricans presence, which was neither related to the obesity degree nor the fat tricipital fold, but yes to the family history of type 2 diabetes. The presence of acanthosis nigricans was related to the obesity degree. There was a 13 percent of patients with pre-diabetes criteria. Conclusions: the obesity and the family history of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents were related to presence of insulin resistance, independently of presence of acanthosis nigricans(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Acanthosis Nigricans/etiology , Obesity/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus/genetics , Glucose Tolerance Test/methods , Medical History Taking
3.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2009. 65 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-564728

ABSTRACT

As doenças crdiovasculares estão entre as principais causas de mortalidade em muitos países. O sistema nervoso autônomo e a função endotelial constituem mecanismos centrais no desenvolvimento e progressão de doenças cardiovasculares. A função autonômica e a reatividade vascular podem estar alteradas em indivíduos com maior risco para doença cardiovascular, como indivíduos com história familiar de primeiro grau de diabetes tipo 2 (HFDM2) e indivíduos com polimorfismo 894G>T da enzima óxido nítrico sintase endotelial (eNOS). Os objetivos dos três artigos apresentados na tese foram: artigo I. Investigar a influência da HFDM2 na modulação autonômica cardíaca em ausência de desordens metabólicas concomitantes; artigo II. Investigar a influência da HFDM2 na reatividade vascular em ausência de desordens metabólicas concomitantes e, artigo III. Investigar a influência do polimorfismo 894>T no efeito de uma sessão de exercício dinâmico máximo na reatividade vascular. Foram recrutados indivíduos saudáveis com e sem HFDM2 para os artigos I e II. A variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) foi determinada através da análise espectral de um registro de intervalos RR durante 10 minutos na posição supina (artigo I) e a reatividade vascular durante a hiperemia reativa através da pletismografia de oclusão venosa (artigo II). Para a realização do artigo III, foram recrutados indivíduos saudáveis com e sem o polimorfismo 894>T da eNOS. O protocolo consistiu na determinação da reatividade vascular basal e durante a hiperemia reativa, o qual eram realizados pré, 10, 60 e 120 minutos após um teste de esforço cardiopulmonar máximo. Os indivíduos com HFDM2 apresentaram maiores valores para variáveis antropométricas e metabólicas e uma menor VFC (artigo I) e reatividade vascular (artigo II) quando comparados com o grupo-controle (p<0,05). Em seguida, os grupos foram emparelhados para essas variáveis consideradas capazes de alterar a VFC e a reatividade vascular...


Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of mortality in many countries. The autonomic nervous system and the endothelial function are central mechanisms in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. The autonomic function and vascular reactivity may be altered in subjects with higher risk for cardiovascular disease, as subjects with family history of first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes (FDRs), and subjects with the 894G>T polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The aims of these three papers presented at this thesis were: paper I. To investigate the influence of FDR on cardiac autonomic modulation in the absence of concomitant metabolic disorders; paper II. To investigate the influence of FDR on vascular reactivity in the absence of concomitant metabolic disorders; paper III. To investigate the influence of the 894G>T polymorphism on the effect of a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise on vascular reactivity. Healthy subjects with and without FDRs were recruited for the paper I and II. The heart rate variability (HRV) was determined by spectral analysis of inter-beat intervals recorded during 10 min in the supine position (paper I) and vascular reactivity during the reactive hiperemia by venous occlusion plethysmography (paper II). For the paper III, healthy subjects with and without the 894G>T polymorphism of the eNOS were recruited. The protocol consisted of vascular reactivity assessment at baseline and during reactive hyperemia, which were performed pre, 10, 60 and 120 min after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. The FDR's exhibited higher values for anthropometric and metabolic variables and lower values for HRV (paper I), and vascular reactivity (paper II) when compared to the control subjects (p<0.05). After matching the groups for variables, that are known to alter HRV and vascular reactivity, no significant difference was observed between groups in the paper I and II (p>0.05)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , /complications , /physiopathology , /metabolism , Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology
4.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 50(5): 862-868, out. 2006. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-439067

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of maternal and paternal history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in relatives of 644 type 2 diabetic patients from Southern Brazil, and also to evaluate its influence on the clinical characteristics of this disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Familial history of type 2 DM was investigated by a questionnaire. The maternal and paternal history was investigated over two generations. Complete data sets on familial history were obtained from 396 patients. RESULTS: In general, 76.6 percent of the patients reported at least one first-degree affected relative. Besides, 31.6 percent of the patients reported a maternal history of type 2 DM and 12.6 percent reported a paternal history. Patients with maternal and/or paternal history presented a lower age at type 2 DM diagnosis when compared to patients without familial history. In addition, patients with only paternal history presented a higher frequency of hypertension than patients with no familial history. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that there is a significant maternal effect in the transmission of type 2 DM in Southern Brazil, and that most of the clinical characteristics of this disease do not differ between patients with or without familial history of type 2 DM.


OBJETIVOS: Investigar a presença de história materna e paterna de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM) entre familiares de 644 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 provenientes do sul do Brasil, bem como avaliar sua influência nas características clínicas dessa doença. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A história familiar de DM tipo 2 foi investigada através de um questionário, sendo que a presença de história materna e paterna foi investigada em duas gerações. Dados completos sobre história familiar foram obtidos para 396 pacientes. RESULTADOS: Em geral, 76,6 por cento dos pacientes reportaram ao menos um familiar em primeiro grau afetado por DM tipo 2. Além disso, 31,6 por cento dos pacientes relataram uma história materna de DM tipo 2 e 12,6 por cento relataram uma história paterna. Pacientes com história materna e/ou paterna apresentaram uma idade de diagnóstico de DM tipo 2 mais baixa quando comparado a pacientes sem história familiar. Adicionalmente, pacientes que relataram apenas história paterna de DM tipo 2 apresentaram uma maior freqüência de hipertensão do que pacientes sem história familiar. CONCLUSÕES: Nosso estudo sugere que há um efeito materno significativo na transmissão do DM tipo 2 no Sul do Brasil, e que a maioria das características clínicas dessa doença não difere entre pacientes com e sem história familiar de DM tipo 2.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Middle Aged , /genetics , Fathers , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Mothers , Age of Onset , Black People/genetics , Albuminuria/urine , Blood Glucose/analysis , Brazil/ethnology , /ethnology , Epidemiologic Methods , White People/genetics , Medical History Taking , Pedigree
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