The historical development of Shanghai herbal paste / 药学实践杂志

As the "star product" of Shanghai, Shanghai herbal paste has played an irreplaceable role both in the treatment of diseases and nurturing health. The concept of Shanghai regional culture, Shanghai style Chinese medicine and Shanghai herbal paste were introduced by the combination of literature search and practical experience. The historical developments of Shanghai herbal paste were summarized in order to understand Shanghai herbal paste comprehensively and provide a historical and empirical basis for the inheritance and innovation of Shanghai herbal paste.

La especialidad de Prótesis Estomatológica en Sancti Spíritus: apuntes para su historia

RESUMEN Prótesis dental es la rama de la Estomatología que se encarga del estudio de los principios fundamentales de la rehabilitación de los pacientes con ausencias dentarias, y de la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las alteraciones del sistema estomatognático. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa con el uso de métodos teóricos -histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético- y empíricos -revisión documental y entrevistas a directivos, académicos y asistenciales, residentes y egresados. Para su mejor entendimiento, se dividió el desarrollo histórico en tres etapas: la primera describe la creación de instalaciones de salud, la fundación de la docencia de pregrado y posgrado, así como la formación del grupo provincial y el capítulo espirituano de Prótesis Estomatológica, necesarios para estimular el desarrollo científico-técnico de la especialidad. La segunda, aborda el incremento de servicios y la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías para la formación integral de los especialistas; y la tercera, la consolidación del proceso de formación de pregrado y posgrado, que garantiza la atención de los pacientes con necesidades de tratamientos rehabilitadores en la provincia. La especialidad de Prótesis Estomatológica ha tenido un desarrollo ascendente en la provincia de Sancti Spíritus, y cuenta con un claustro docente fortalecido para la impartición de la docencia de pre y posgrado. Por otra parte, se ha mantenido una formación estable de los recursos humanos, en correspondencia con las necesidades de atención a la población, mostrando resultados científico-técnicos que avalan el trabajo actual de la especialidad.

ABSTRACT Dental prosthesis is the branch of Stomatology that is responsible for the study of the main principles of the rehabilitation of patients with dental absences, as well as for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of alterations of the stomatognathic system. Qualitative research was carried out using theoretical methods-historical-logical, analytic-synthetic and empirical-, documental review, interviews with managing, academic and health care staff, residents and graduated. For its better understanding, the historical development was divided into three stages. The first stage describes the creation of health facilities, the beginning of undergraduate and postgraduate teaching, and also the creation of the provincial group and chapter of Dental Prosthesis of Sancti Spiritus, necessary to stimulate the scientific-technical development of the specialty. The second approaches the increase of services and the incorporation of new technologies for the comprehensive treatment of the specialists; and the third one the consolidation of the process of undergraduate and postgraduate training, which safeguards the care of patients with needs of rehabilitation treatments in the province. The specialty of Dental Prosthesis in the province has had an upward development in the province of Sancti Spiritus, and has a teaching staff strengthened for imparting undergraduate and postgraduate teaching. On the other hand, a steady training of the human resources has been kept, in correspondence with the needs of care of the population, and showing scientific-technical results that support the current work of the specialty.

Sobre o conceito de risco em Epidemiologia / On the concept of risk in Epidemiology / Sobre el concepto de riesgo en Epidemiología

Resumo Este ensaio teórico analisa a centralidade do conceito de risco para a ciência epidemiológica, descrevendo os tipos de medidas de risco e suas definições, a origem e o desenvolvimento histórico dessas medidas desde o século XVII até o momento atual. Em seguida, são analisadas as fases do desenvolvimento histórico do conceito de risco desde a constituição da disciplina no século XIX, passando pela transposição do limiar de cientificidade, até a atualidade. Após esse recorrido histórico, são apontados os pressupostos epistemológicos do conceito de risco tal qual ele se apresenta na epidemiologia. A polissemia do conceito nos saberes do senso comum e sua formulação em diferentes disciplinas científicas assim como suas diferentes conotações no âmbito da epidemiologia são brevemente comentadas. Finalizamos com a discussão do conceito na chamada sociedade de riscos da modernidade tardia. Consideramos que o ensaio possa ser de utilidade na formação dos profissionais de saúde, tendo em vista seu papel nuclear na epidemiologia e na Saúde Coletiva, não apenas como articulador das proposições teóricas, mas também na orientação das práticas.

Abstract This theoretical paper analyzes the centrality of the concept of risk for epidemiological science, describing the types of risk measures and their definitions, the origin and historical development of these measures from de 17th century to the present time. Next, the phases of the historical development of the concept of risk are analyzed, from the constitution of the discipline in the 19th century, through the crossing of the threshold of scientificity, until today. After this historical review, the epistemological assumptions of the concept of risk as it is presented in epidemiology are pointed out. The polysemy of the concept in common sense knowledge and its formulation in different scientific disciplines, as well as its different connotations within the scope of epidemiology, are briefly commented on. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the concept in the so-called risk society of late modernity. We believe that this paper can be useful in the formation of health professionals, in view of its core role in epidemiology and Collective Health, not only as an articulator of theoretical propositions, but also in the orientation of practices.

Resumen Este ensayo teórico analiza la centralidad del concepto de riesgo para la ciencia epidemiológica, describiendo los tipos de medidas de riesgo y sus definiciones, el origen y desarrollo histórico de estas medidas desde el siglo XVII hasta la actualidad. En seguida, se analizan las fases del desarrollo histórico del concepto de riesgo, desde la constitución de la disciplina en el siglo XIX, pasando por la transposición del umbral de la cientificidad, hasta la actualidad. Después de este recorrido histórico, se señalan los presupuestos epistemológicos del concepto de riesgo tal como se presenta en la epidemiología. Se comenta brevemente la polisemia del concepto en el conocimiento del sentido común y su formulación en diferentes disciplinas científicas, así como sus distintas connotaciones en el campo de la epidemiología. Finalizamos con la discusión del concepto en la llamada sociedad del riesgo de la modernidad tardía. Creemos que el ensayo puede ser útil en la formación de profesionales de la salud, en vista de su papel central en la epidemiología y la Salud Colectiva, no sólo como articulador de proposiciones teóricas, sino también en la orientación de las prácticas.

Textual Research on Lycii Cortex / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The research and development of classical prescriptions is an important way to promote the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and promote the modernization and internationalization of TCM. It is particularly important to summarize the historical development of the composition of classical prescriptions, so as to define their origin, taste efficacy and syndrome taboos. It is also the source to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the whole prescription. As a commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal material, Lycii Cortex is widely used and has a good prospect for research and development. There are five prescriptions containing wolfberry bark in the Catalogue of Ancient Classical Prescriptions(the First Batch). There are only a few modern literatures on the development of Lycii Cortex. Therefore, this paper will summarize the development of skeleton skin alias, origin, nature, taste, meridian, efficacy, syndromes and taboos in ancient books of the previous dynasties. Textual analysis found that Lycii Cortex was first recorded in the Fifty-two Pathogenic Prescriptions. Ancient books before the Han dynasty did not mention the Chinese medicinal material named " Digupi" . There are little differences in the contents about Digupi between modern literatures and ancient books of the previous dynasties. With the changes of the times, Lycii Cortex has been rarely used, with a fault inheritance, suggesting that there are still many potential efficacy indications for clinical application. In addition to the traditional Chinese medicinal specifications, ancient books also recorded the processing methods with liquorice soup, fried, roasted, children's stool, wine soaking and steaming.

"Some Suggestions on Teaching the Course of""Meridians and Acupoints""" / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To improve the teaching quality ofMeridians and Acupoints. [Methods]Based on the ten-year experience of teaching the course ofMeridians and Acupoints, the authors suggest three issues on how to study well with this subject. [Results] The first, using the comparing method to remember meridians and acupoints, always do analysis and summary are all important ways to learn the basic knowledge.The second, understanding the property of acupoints, make prescription of acupoints like the way of making Chinese herbal formula according to syndrome differentiation, can cultivate students' dialectical thinking and improve the ability of diagnosis and treatment in acupuncture clinic.The third, introducing the origin,history and development of each meridian and some special acupoints. [Conclusion]The above three suggestions can help students to learn better about the science of acupuncture,and improve their professional thinking, and mine the potential ability of innovation.

Research on history and present situation of integration of habitat processing and processing of Chinese herbal medicine / 中草药

The habitat processing and the processing of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) are the two closely linked to the link in Chinese traditional medicine industrial chain. This paper analyzes the internal relationship among the three aspects in the historical evolution from the historical origin, the professional differentiation, and the development; The research status of the five aspects, such as the integration from their industry definition background, proposal, significance, and current progress of the integration of the habitat processing and the processing of CHM. It is believed that the integration accords with the development trend of history, which is a good way to solve the problem of the quality of Chinese materia medica. Suggestion is given that we should pay more attention to the basic research, in-depth the industry research, the promotion of the industry legislation, and through the supervision of the industry, to the ensurence of the healthy and orderly development of the integration.

La enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Ortodoncia en la carrera de estomatología en Cuba / The teaching and learning of the subject Orthodontics in the dentistry career in Cuba

Fundamento: La didáctica de las ciencias estomatológicas cubanas acumula experiencias que justifican las características actuales del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la asignatura Ortodoncia de la carrera de estomatología. Objetivo: Identificar los aspectos históricos que distinguen el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la asignatura Ortodoncia, en la educación estomatológica cubana. Metodología: Se empleó el método analítico-sintético, el histórico-lógico y el análisis documental con la revisión de bases de datos médicas de reconocido prestigio. Desarrollo: Se logró establecer una secuencia lógica de hechos trascendentes en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Ortodoncia desde sus inicios, cuatro décadas posteriores al comienzo de la estomatología, su evolución con variaciones en la denominación, inclusión de temáticas, ubicación en el plan de estudios e identificación de insuficiencias, presentes en la actualidad Conclusiones: A pesar del perfeccionamiento ascendente aún existen deficiencias en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Ortodoncia que se pueden superar al asumir lo más actual de la didáctica contemporánea.

Background: The didactics of Cuban stomatological sciences accumulates experiences that justify the current characteristics of the teaching-learning process in the subject of Orthodontics in the dentistry career. Objective: To identify the historical aspects that distinguish the process of teaching and learning in the subject of Orthodontics in Cuban stomatological education. Methodology: the analytic-synthetic method, logical and historical method and document analysis with review of medical databases of well-recognized prestige were used. Development: It was possible to establish a logical sequence of significant events in the teaching and learning of the subject of Orthodontics since its inception, four decades after the start of stomatology, its evolution with variations on the name, including themes, location in the study plan and identifying shortcomings, currently present. Conclusions: Despite the ascending improvement there are still shortcomings in the teaching and learning of the subject of Orthodontics that can be overcome by taking the most contemporary of didactic teaching today.

La enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Ortodoncia en la carrera de estomatología en Cuba / The teaching and learning of the subject Orthodontics in the dentistry career in Cuba

Fundamento: La didáctica de las ciencias estomatológicas cubanas acumula experiencias que justifican las características actuales del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la asignatura Ortodoncia de la carrera de estomatología. Objetivo: Identificar los aspectos históricos que distinguen el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la asignatura Ortodoncia, en la educación estomatológica cubana. Metodología: Se empleó el método analítico-sintético, el histórico-lógico y el análisis documental con la revisión de bases de datos médicas de reconocido prestigio. Desarrollo: Se logró establecer una secuencia lógica de hechos trascendentes en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Ortodoncia desde sus inicios, cuatro décadas posteriores al comienzo de la estomatología, su evolución con variaciones en la denominación, inclusión de temáticas, ubicación en el plan de estudios e identificación de insuficiencias, presentes en la actualidad Conclusiones: A pesar del perfeccionamiento ascendente aún existen deficiencias en la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Ortodoncia que se pueden superar al asumir lo más actual de la didáctica contemporánea.

Background: The didactics of Cuban stomatological sciences accumulates experiences that justify the current characteristics of the teaching-learning process in the subject of Orthodontics in the dentistry career. Objective: To identify the historical aspects that distinguish the process of teaching and learning in the subject of Orthodontics in Cuban stomatological education. Methodology: the analytic-synthetic method, logical and historical method and document analysis with review of medical databases of well-recognized prestige were used. Development: It was possible to establish a logical sequence of significant events in the teaching and learning of the subject of Orthodontics since its inception, four decades after the start of stomatology, its evolution with variations on the name, including themes, location in the study plan and identifying shortcomings, currently present. Conclusions: Despite the ascending improvement there are still shortcomings in the teaching and learning of the subject of Orthodontics that can be overcome by taking the most contemporary of didactic teaching today.

Breve reseña histórica sobre tisiocirugía / Brief historical review of phthisis surgery

La tuberculosis o peste blanca fue un azote mundial, comparable hoy día con el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, al que se asocia, pues nunca enfermo alguno sufrió tanto ni fue tan despreciado. El 24 de marzo de 1882 Robert Koch mostró el bacilo que causaba la tisis o consunción, y desde entonces esa fecha se reconoce como el Día Mundial contra la Tuberculosis. Se presenta una revisión del tema ante el LIV Aniversario del Hospital Amalia Simoni, inicialmente antituberculoso. El objetivo secundario es homenajear a todos sus trabajadores, en especial a los fundadores. Se describen los tipos de tratamiento quirúrgico utilizados a través del tiempo, desde la cavernotomía hasta las resecciones pulmonares. Muchas técnicas y principios modernos de la cirugía torácica se desarrollaron a partir de la tisiocirugía.

Tuberculosis or white plague was world scourge comparable to today's acquired immunodeficiency syndrome to which is associated, since no sick person ever suffered so much nor was he so rejected. On March 24th, 1882 Robert Koch showed the bacillus that caused phthisis or consumption, and since then that date was called the International Day against Tuberculosis. This is a review on this topic at the LIV anniversary of Amalia Simoni hospital that was formerly an anti-tuberculosis hospital. The second objective was to pay homage to all the workers there, particularly the founders. The types of surgery used from cavernotomy to pulmonary resections were described. Many techniques and principles of modern thoracic surgery emerged from the phthisis surgery.

Cátedra de clínica y terapéutica quirúrgica "C" del Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Escuela "Luis Razetti". Facultad de Medicina UCV génesis: desarrollo histórico y actualidad: parte II / Department of clinical and surgical therapeutics \"C\" Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Escuela Luis Razetti UCV Facultad de Medicina genesis: historical development and current: part II

Se presenta la segunda parte del Desarrollo Histórico de la Cátedra de Clínica y Terapéutica Quirúrgica “C” – Servicio de Cirugía III del Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Período que transcurre desde el Dr. Juan Godayol Rovira en el año 1969 hasta el Dr. Humberto Chacón Valecillos en el año 2011. Se describe una síntesis curricular de los aportes más importantes a la Cátedra de Clínica y Terapéutica Quirúrgica “C” – Servicio de Cirugía III en los ámbitos: Docente, Asistencial y de Investigación, aplicados al campo de la Cirugía General y Oncológica de todos estos docentes que han formado parte de ella

It then presents the second part of the Historical Development of the Department of the Chair of Clinical and Surgical Therapeutics “C” - Department of Surgery III of the Hospital University of Caracas. Time that elapses from Dr. Juan Godayol Rovira in 1969 to Dr. Humberto Chacon Valecillos in 2011. There are described a curriculum summary of the most important contributions to the Chair of Clinical and Surgical Therapeutics “C”- Department of Surgery III in the areas: Teaching, Care and Research, applied to the field of General Surgery and Oncology of these teachers that have been part of it

Cátedra de clínica y terapéutica quirúrgica "C" del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Escuela "Luis Razetti", Facultad de Medicina UCV génesis: desarrollo histórico y actualidad: parte I / Department of clinical and surgical therapeutics \"C\" Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Escuela \"Luis Razetti\" UCV Facultad de Medicina genesis: historical development and current: part I

Se presenta la Génesis y el Desarrollo Histórico de la Cátedra de Clínica y Terapéutica “C” – Servicio de Cirugía III del Hospital Universitario de Caracas, desde su inauguración por el Dr. Hermógenes Rivero en 1958, pasando por los diferentes docentes que la formaron, hasta la gestión del Dr. Serafín Sánchez Soria en 1974. Se describe una síntesis curricular de los aportes más importantes a la Cátedra de Clínica y Terapéutica “C” – Servicio de Cirugía III en el campo de la Cirugía General, Cirugía Cardiovascular y Cirugía Oncológica de todos los docentes que formaron parte de ella

There appears the Genesis and Historical Development of Clinical and Therapeutic Chair ”C” –Department of Surgery III of the Hospital University of Caracas, since its inauguration by Dr. Hermogenes Rivero in 1958, passing through different teachers that formed, to the management of Dr. Serafin Sanchez Soriain 1974. There are described a curriculum summary the most important contributions to the Chair of Clinical and Therapeutic ”C” –Department of Surgery III in the field of General Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery and Surgical Oncology of all teachers who were part of it

Psico-oncologia: apontamentos sobre a evolução histórica de um campo interdisciplinar / Psycho-oncology: notes on the historical development of an interdisciplinary

O aumento da sobrevida entre pacientes com câncer não foi suficiente para erradicar o estigma historicamente construído sobre essa doença. Percepções, crenças, julgamentos e atitudes sobre o câncer e seus tratamentos influenciam desde a população em geral, pacientes e familiares, até profissionais de saúde, criando barreiras conceituais e comportamentais que dificultam tanto a prevenção como o acompanhamento terapêutico. Mas, nas últimas décadas, diversos trabalhos desenvolvidos em psico-oncologia contribuem para uma atuação mais eficaz das equipes de saúde. Assim sendo, o presente artigo reúne apontamentos sobre a evolução histórica dos conhecimentos teóricos e técnicos acerca do câncer e da psico-oncologia, visando a oferecer aportes para a formação de profissionais interessados pela temática.

The increase in survival among patients with cancer was not enough to eradicate the stigma historically built on the disease. Perceptions, beliefs, judgments and attitudes about cancer and its treatment, altogether, influence many.From the general population, patients and families, to the health professionals, it acts by creating conceptual andbehavioral barriers that hinder both the prevention and therapeutic monitoring. But in recent decades, various work inPsycho-Oncology contributed to a more effective performance of the health team. Therefore, this article brings together notes on the historical development to knowledge about cancer and Psycho-Oncology, seeking contributions for the training of professionals concerned by the issue.

Historical Development and Management of the Dispensary (Drugstore) of TCM / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the historical development and management of the dispensary(drugstore) of TCM.METHODS:Approaches and directions for the development of the dispensary(drugstore) of TCM as well as the basis for the importance attached to its management were pointed out by reviewing the historical development and management of the dispensary(drugstore) of TCM.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The development and management of the dispensary(drugstore) of TCM has achieved a great evolvement after a historical development from rudimentary stage,innovation forming stage,and universal mature stage to boosting stage,however,it is still lag far behind n the development of modern TCM.Therefore,TCM workers should spare no effort to attach great importance to and intensify the management of the dispensary(drugstore) of TCM.

The Historical Development of the Training of Residents in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The training of residents constitutes the primary work of Graduate Medical Education.Reviewing the historical development of the training of residents,we find that it has experienced four stages and trended to establish the medical specialist training system.