A review of an ancient book of Mongolian medicine translated from Russian / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

@#In our research article published in journal of Mongolian Medical Science, 2018 №1 (183), we made the following conclusion. These include: </br> 1. Activities of religious envoys from Europe to Qing dynasty (Manchu) and Mongolia, the Imperial Russian Consular office, which was opened in Ikh Khuree (The ancient capital of Mongolia), and documents related to infectious diseases, European medical knowledge and information on medical care are historical facts that European medicine was first “imported” to Mongolia. Based on these facts, the knowledge of European medicine in Mongolia began to spread in the 1720s. </br> 2. It was concluded that the knowledge of European medicine in Mongolia had previously been concentrated in the Ikh Khuree through Qing dynasty (Manchu), Inner Mongolia, and Buryatia in the north, and had gradually spread to some provinces of Mongolia to prevent communicable diseases. </br> Over the next three years, many evidences were found that enriched the history of Mongolian medicine. Among these facts, a book called in Oirat dialect “Ahr surhl” is of great interest as the book provides an opportunity to further confirm that European medicine has begun to spread in Mongolia, as we noted in a previous article. The Russian title of the book is “ Краткое наставление о лечении болезней простыми средствами” and the Mongolian translation in English is “A Brief treatise” (A Brief Instruction on Treating Diseases with Simple Methods). The book is called “Ahr surhl” when translated from Russian into Oirat dialects in Todo Bichig (Clear Script). </br> The first volume was compiled by Professor Osip Kirillovich Kamenetsky, the first Russian physician and member of the Academy of Medicine and Surgery, and the second volume was compiled by Yakov Osipovich Sapolovich and published in St. Petersburg in 1803. Later, with the help of Princess Tseveg Tundutova of Kalmykia, Nikolay Alekseevich Lebedev translated the Oirat dialect into Todo Bichig (Clear Script). </br> The book is one of the historical sources that clarifies on how European medicine spread through Russia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, and how European medicine and traditional medicine coexisted and developed. It is a brief book compiled by a Russian scholar on the medical knowledge, methods, pharmacology in European medicine. </br> It is important to note that the translation of this book in the Oirat dialect into Todo Bichig (Clear Script) opened the door for the Mongolian people to use European medicine. Therefore, it is true that the knowledge of Western medicine began to spread among the Mongols as early as the 19th century. The only book currently preserved in Mongolia was found in Khuvsgul province in north, not in the Oirat-speaking western provinces of Mongolia. This is a testament to the book’s widespread popularity in Mongolia.

O "direito à memória": Escola Eunice Weaver, memória individual e a constituição de um arquivo histórico em Goiás / The "right to memory": Eunice Weaver School, individual memory and the constitution of a historical archive in Goiás

Resumo Apresenta-se a constituição do arquivo documental da Escola Eunice Weaver, parte do complexo formador do Educandário/Preventório Afrânio de Azevedo, inaugurado em 1943, em Goiânia. Destaca a importância da constituição de arquivos como esse para o acesso à memória daqueles que foram submetidos à política de profilaxia da lepra/hanseníase. A documentação apresentada cobre o período de 1945 a 1990 e expõe o cotidiano escolar de crianças indenes institucionalizadas em decorrência das políticas de profilaxia da enfermidade impostas pelo Estado. O material se caracteriza pelo recorte regional, expandindo o número de fontes conhecidas para estudo da história das instituições e da doença em Goiás, e pela possibilidade de serem tomadas como provas em processos relativos aos egressos da instituição.

Abstract This article describes the construction of a documentary archive for the Eunice Weaver School, part of the Educandário/Preventório Afrânio de Azevedo Training Complex (inaugurated in Goiânia in 1943). We stress the importance of creating similar archives to provide access to the memories of those subjected to policies related to preventing Hansen's disease (leprosy). The documentation covers the period 1945-1990, depicting the everyday lives of blameless children who were institutionalized as part of state policies to prevent this disease. The material is regionally focused, expanding the number of known sources for the history of institutions and this disease in the state of Goiás, and served as a potential resource for patients attempting to gain release.

Democratizar a informação para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento: a ampliação do acesso ao acervo documental das ciências e da saúde na Fiocruz / Democratizing information to develop knowledge: expanding access to the science and health document collection at Fiocruz

Resumo A Fundação Oswaldo Cruz é detentora de expressivo patrimônio cultural constituído por coleções biológicas, edificações, objetos e documentos históricos qualificados como ativos estratégicos para preservação da memória institucional, para o ensino e para a pesquisa no campo das ciências e da saúde. No entanto, uma parte relevante do acervo documental estava indisponível para consulta pública até 2014. Este artigo apresenta o processo de disponibilização integral do acervo, descrevendo os problemas enfrentados, as soluções encontradas e os resultados obtidos. Ao final, a gestão dos documentos físicos e digitais é apontada como componente central para constituir fontes de informação para o presente e fontes históricas para o futuro.

Abstract The Oswaldo Cruz Foundation is home to significant cultural heritage comprising biological collections, buildings, and historical documents and objects denoted as strategic assets for preserving institutional memory as well as for teaching and research in the field of science and health. However, a major portion of these collections was unavailable to the public until 2014. This article introduces the process involved in providing full access to these collections and describes the challenges, solutions, and results. Finally, the management of physical and digital documents is indicated as a central component in constituting sources of information for the present and historical sources for the future.

Fotografia e valor documentário: o arquivo de Carlos Chagas / Photography and documental value: the Carlos Chagas archive

Examina questões metodológicas referentes ao tratamento técnico de arquivos, a partir da organização do arquivo de Carlos Chagas. Tendo como objeto as fotografias integrantes dessa documentação, discute a organização arquivística de fotografias e analisa alguns grupos dessas imagens, com enfoque nas fotografias relacionadas à descoberta da doença de Chagas em Lassance. O objetivo é verificar os processos de produção de sentido embutidos na metodologia de classificação desses documentos. Aponta em que medida as imagens relacionadas à estadia de Chagas em Lassance - para onde ele foi inicialmente combater a malária - assumiram novo sentido, diante da importância da descoberta da doença para a sua trajetória e na produção e disseminação de sua memória.

Centered on the organization of the Carlos Chagas archive, the article explores methodological concerns in the technical handling of such material. It discusses the archival organization of photographs and analyzes some groups of images from the Chagas archive, particularly photographs concerning the discovery of Chagas' disease, in Lassance, where the scientist initially went to combat malaria. The goal is to identify processes of production of meaning that are built into the methodology for classifying these documents. The article examines to what extent the images of Chagas' stay in Lassance took on new meaning because of the weight this discovery had on the scientist's career and likewise on the production and dissemination of his memory.