ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: Taking Henan province as an example, the index system of rural hollowing was constructed from three aspects of economy, population and land. Using the entropy weight method, hollowing index method, spatial autocorrelation analysis and Geo detector, spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of county rural hollowing from 2000 to 2013 in Henan province were analyzed. Results showed that the gap of rural hollowing between counties in Henan province expanded first and then decrease, and the whole province was at the middle level of rural hollowing, so the development of rural hollowing in Henan province was stable and positive. Spatial variation characteristics of different degrees rural hollowing during 2000-2013 were obvious, and the overall spatial pattern was higher in the northwest-southeast direction and lower in the northeast-southwest direction. There was a strong spatial positive correlation in rural hollowing, and spatial agglomeration was slightly weakened; the number of counties in H-H and L-L agglomeration areas was large and its agglomeration characteristics were obvious; the H-L agglomeration areas started from zero with a small number and scattered distribution. Influence of different factors on rural hollowing was quite different, and the per capita homestead area, the proportion of secondary and tertiary industries, the investment in fixed assets and the per capita net income of farmers were the dominant factors.
RESUMO: Tomando a província de Henan como exemplo, o sistema de índices de evasão rural foi construído a partir de três aspectos da economia, população e terra. Utilizando o método de peso de entropia, método de índice de vazamento, análise de autocorrelação espacial e Geo detector para analisar características de evolução espaço-temporal e fatores de influência do esvaziamento rural do município de 2000 a 2013 na província de Henan. Os resultados mostraram que a lacuna de esvaziamento rural entre condados na província de Henan foi expandida inicialmente e em seguida diminuiu, e toda a província estava no nível médio de evasão rural, e, além disso, o desenvolvimento da evasão rural na província de Henan era estável. As características de variação espacial de diferentes graus de evasão rural durante 2000-2013 eram óbvias, e o padrão espacial geral era mais alto na direção noroeste-sudeste e mais baixo na direção nordeste-sudoeste. Houve forte correlação positiva espacial no êxodo rural, e a aglomeração espacial foi levemente enfraquecida; o número de municípios nas áreas de aglomeração H-H e L-L era grande e as características de aglomeração eram óbvias; as áreas de aglomeração de H-L eram do zero com um pequeno número e distribuição dispersa. A influência de diferentes fatores no esvaziamento rural foi diferente, e a área de propriedade per capita, a proporção de indústrias secundárias e terciárias, o investimento em ativos fixos e a renda líquida per capita dos agricultores foram os fatores dominantes.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the generating algorithm of personalized external fixation model based on STL file, so as to realize the fabrication of personalized external fixation through 3D scanning, model generation and 3D printing. Compared with the traditional plaster fixation, the external fixation obtained by the proposed method has the advantages of good adhesion to the external surface of the limb, good gas permeability and light weight. Methods In order to generate a personalized external fixation model, the key generating algorithms of the model were studied. The point cloud file of the residual limb was obtained by a 3D scanner, and then was converted into an STL format file. The triangular patches were processed by cutting, offsetting, triangulating and hollowing to create an external fixation model with good gas permeability and conformable surface that is fully fitted with the body surface. Finally, the external fixation was fabricated by 3D printing. Results Using the improved point offset algorithm, the problem of severe distortion of the point offset at the plane and sharp corners was solved. Using the tangent sort method, the points on the contour ring were sorted clockwise to obtain a triangular profile. The hollowing of the model was achieved by using the typical three-dimensional "cutting tool" mathematical model and the STL file space intersection method. Conclusions The improved model generating algorithm was validated based on a wrist case, and the personalized external fixed fixation model with conformable surface was obtained. It is proved that the proposed model generating algorithm is effective and practical.
ABSTRACT
Temporal hollowing is a common complication that occurs after coronal approach surgeries. However, temporal hollowing without previous nerve damage or trauma history is rare. Herein, we present a patient with cryptogenic temporal hollowing. A 22-year-old man without any history of craniofacial interventions or trauma presented with temporal hallowing. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed fatty degeneration of the left temporalis muscle. Electromyography and nerve conduction study showed no signs of neurologic abnormalities. The patient received autologous fat injection of 30 mL harvested from the left thigh using the modified Coleman technique. Temporal hollowing is commonly caused by atrophy of the superficial temporal fat pad. Its incidence is reported to be as high as 6% after coronal approach operation. Augmentation using porous hydroxyapatite or titanium mesh is a treatment option. Autologous fat graft can also be an option for mild to moderate temporal hollowing. In this case, a patient with no history of trauma, surgery, or myogenic disease developed temporal hollowing. Further study of the littleknown cryptogenic form of temporal hollowing is warranted.
Subject(s)
Humans , Young Adult , Adipose Tissue , Atrophy , Durapatite , Electromyography , Incidence , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neural Conduction , Thigh , Titanium , TransplantsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To examine using surface electromyography whether stair climbing with abdominal hollowing (AH) is better at facilitating local trunk muscle activity than stair climbing without AH. METHODS: Twenty healthy men with no history of low back pain participated in the study. Surface electrodes were attached to the multifidus (MF), lumbar erector spinae, thoracic erector spinae, transverse abdominus - internal oblique abdominals (TrA-IO), external oblique abdominals (EO), and the rectus abdominis. Amplitudes of electromyographic signals were measured during stair climbing. Study participants performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) for each muscle in various positions to normalize the surface electromyography data. RESULTS: AH during stair climbing resulted in significant increases in normalized MVCs in both MFs and TrA-IOs (p<0.05). Local trunk muscle/global trunk muscle ratios were higher during stair climbing with AH as compared with stair climbing without AH. Especially, right TrA-IO/EO and left TrA-IO/EO were significantly increased (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Stair climbing with AH activates local trunk stabilizing muscles better than stair climbing without AH. The findings suggest that AH during stair climbing contributes to trunk muscle activation and trunk stabilization.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Cross-Sectional Studies , Electrodes , Electromyography , Low Back Pain , Muscles , Paraspinal Muscles , Rectus AbdominisABSTRACT
Temporal fossa hollowing can represent a serious cosmetic concern to patients after post-traumatic surgery, oncological resection, or surgical dissection for obtaining access to the temporal area. Various methods have been described to augment temporal fossa hollowing, such as use of autogenous bone and cartilage implants, high-density polyethylene implants, and dermal fat grafts. We report a case of 22-year-old man with temporal fossa hollowing after post-traumatic surgery, including temporal muscle resection, whose defect was augmented by using titanium mesh even though long after cranioplasty.
Subject(s)
Humans , Young Adult , Cartilage , Methods , Polyethylene , Temporal Muscle , Titanium , TransplantsABSTRACT
Temporal fossa hollowing can represent a serious cosmetic concern to patients after post-traumatic surgery, oncological resection, or surgical dissection for obtaining access to the temporal area. Various methods have been described to augment temporal fossa hollowing, such as use of autogenous bone and cartilage implants, high-density polyethylene implants, and dermal fat grafts. We report a case of 22-year-old man with temporal fossa hollowing after post-traumatic surgery, including temporal muscle resection, whose defect was augmented by using titanium mesh even though long after cranioplasty.