ABSTRACT
As funções executivas (FEs) são um conjunto de habilidades mentais que permitem ao indivíduo regular o comportamento e o pensamento com o objetivo de atingir metas. Na relação entre pais e filhos as práticas parentais de suporte têm fator de impacto positivo no desenvolvimento das FEs. Dentre as atividades comuns à criança, a tarefa escolar, quando mediada pelo suporte parental, pode ter relação com o funcionamento executivo infantil. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar a associação entre o suporte oferecido por pais na tarefa escolar e o desempenho nas FEs nucleares (controle inibitório, memória de trabalho e flexibilidade cognitiva) de seu filho. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 62 díades de pais e sua criança, com idades entre 7 e 9 anos, alunos de duas escolas particulares. Os pais responderam ao Questionário de Suporte Parental, enquanto as FEs das crianças foram avaliadas por três instrumentos: Tarefa de Fluência Verbal Livre, Escala Wechsler de Inteligência para Crianças - Subteste Dígitos, Teste dos Cinco Dígitos e Neupsilin-Inf - Subteste Span de Pseudopalavras. Os resultados da Análise de Correlação de Pearson entre o suporte parental e as FEs indicaram correlação significativa e positiva, embora de baixa magnitude, entre organização e flexibilidade cognitiva e correlação negativa entre planejamento e flexibilidade cognitiva. Discute-se a possibilidade de que a qualidade, em detrimento da frequência do suporte parental durante a realização da tarefa escolar, tenha maior impacto no funcionamento executivo das crianças.
Executive functions (EFs) are a set of mental abilities that allow the individual to regulate behavior and thinking to achieve goals. In the relationship between parents and children, supportive parenting practices positively impact the development of EFs. Among the activities common to children, homework, when mediated by parental support, may be related to children's executive functioning. The objective of this research was to verify the association between the support offered by parents in the homework and the performance in the core EFs (inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility) of their child. This is an exploratory study with a quantitative approach. The participants were 62 dyads of parents and their children, aged between 7 and 9 years, students from two private schools. Parents answered the Parental Support Questionnaire while the children's EFs were assessed by three instruments: Free Verbal Fluency Task, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Digits Subtest, Five Digits Test, and Neupsilin-Inf - Pseudowords Span Subtest. The results of Pearson's Correlation Analysis between parental support and EFs indicate significant and positive correlation, although of low magnitude, between organization and cognitive flexibility and negative correlation between planning and cognitive flexibility. It is discussed the possibility that quality, to the detriment of the frequency of parental support during homework, has a greater impact on children's executive functioning.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: El estudio y trabajo independientes como unidad dialéctica en el proceso pedagógico desarrollan la actividad cognoscitiva del estudiante. Objetivo: Identificar las aproximaciones teóricas sobre el estudio y el trabajo independientes del estudiante en el contexto de las ciencias médicas en Cuba. Métodos: La gestión de información se enmarcó en la biblioteca virtual electrónica de las revistas médicas cubanas durante 2011-2018, a partir de los descriptores: estudio independiente y "trabajo independiente". El análisis de la información se realizó con los siguientes indicadores: autor, año, propósitos, muestra, medición, intervención, resultados y hallazgos. La unidad de análisis tuvo en cuenta al estudiante y al profesor en la formación inicial y continua. Para el tratamiento matemático de la información se empleó el cálculo porcentual. Resultados: Se consultaron en total 28 artículos sobre ambas categorías: el 78,5 por ciento referidos al trabajo independiente y el resto al estudio independiente. Estos se centraron en la dirección del trabajo independiente y las orientaciones metodológicas, fundamentalmente, en la carrera de medicina (31,8 por ciento). Los principales resultados se revelaron a nivel descriptivo (45,4 por ciento) y de transformación social (18,1 por ciento). Los hallazgos se enfocaron en la efectividad de ambas categorías en el rendimiento académico, la motivación, la independencia, la creatividad y responsabilidad ante las tareas docentes de carácter profesional, problematizador e integral, así como en la preparación docente para su dirección. Conclusiones: Ambas categorías mostraron limitaciones en la formación inicial y continua, lo cual significó un reto pedagógico, ante la necesidad de preparar al docente para que forme a un profesional con la calidad requerida(AU)
Introduction: Independent study and homework as a dialectical unit in the pedagogical process develop the student's cognitive activity. Objective: To identify the theoretical approaches about independent study and homework developed by the student in the context of medical sciences in Cuba. Methods: Information management was framed within the electronic virtual library of Cuban medical journals during 2011-2018, using the descriptors estudio independiente [independent study] and trabajo independiente [independent homework]. Information analysis was carried out using the following indicators: author, year, purposes, sample, measurement, intervention, results and findings. The unit of analysis took into account both the student and the professor in initial and continuing training. The mathematical processing of the information was carried out using percentage calculation. Results: A total of 28 articles on both categories were consulted: 78.5 percent referred to independent homework and the rest to independent study. These focused on the direction of independent homework and methodological orientations, mainly in the medical major (31.8 percent). The main results were observed at the descriptive level (45.4 percent) and the level of social transformation (18.1 percent). The findings focused on the effectiveness of both categories in academic performance, motivation, independence, creativity and responsibility for teaching tasks with a professional, problematizing and comprehensive character, as well as on the professor's preparation for their direction. Conclusions: Both categories showed limitations in initial and continuous training, which meant a pedagogical challenge, given the need to prepare the professor to train a professional with the required quality(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Medical/methods , Education, Medical/trends , Self-Directed Learning as TopicABSTRACT
La situación mundial de pandemia COVID-19 y las medidas de aislamiento, supusieron la ruptura de muchas de las certezas que sostenían el mundo tal como lo conocíamos. Estos grandes cambios en la vida cotidiana, como en la institución escolar, pusieron aún más de manifiesto las altas exigencias que recaen en los niños, en los pedidos de adaptación. Reducido a las "tareas", lo educativo emerge como un nuevo imperativo, que si se sostiene desde el mero cumplimiento de las demandas anula el deseo, dando como resultado manifestaciones de angustia, desgano y malestar. La tarea desligada de la pulsión vivificante de la escuela se vuelve exceso. El desafío de la clínica y de la vida actual en general, parece debatirse en la posibilidad singular de pasar de lo obligado, al deseo. O mejor aún, el desafío de pasar "de lo obligado al deseo" a lo deseante(AU)
The global COVID-19 pandemic situation and the isolation meassures meant the rupture of many of the certainties that sustained the world as we knew it. These great changes in the daily life, as in the school institution,exposed even more the high demands that fall on children, in the requests for adaptation. Reduced to the "tasks", the education emerges as a new imperative, that if it is sustained in the mere fulfillment of the demands, it annuls the desire, resulting in manifestations of anguish, apathy and discomfort. The task detached from the school's vital impulse becomes an excess. The challenge of the clinic and of current life in general, seems to be debated in the singular possibility of going from the obligatory, to the desire. Or better yet, the challenge of going "from the obligation to the desire" ... to the desiring posture(AU)
La situation mondiale de la pandémie de COVID-19 et les mesures d'isolement ont entraîné la ruptura de bon nombre des certitudes qui soutenaient le monde tel que nous le connaissions. Ces grands changements dans la vie quotidienne, comme dans l'institution scolaire, ont rendu encore plus évidentes les exigences élevées imposées aux enfants, dans les demandes d'adaptation. Réduit à des "tâches", l'éducation apparaît comme un nouvel impératif qui, s'il est soutenu par la simple satisfaction des exigences, annule le désir, entraînant des manifestations d'angoisse, de réticence et d'inconfort. La tâche détachée de l'impulsion vivifiante de l'école devient un excès. L'enjeu de la clinique et de la vie actuelle en général, semble se débattre dans la possibilité singulière de passer de l'obligatoire, au désir. Ou mieux encore, le défi de passer "du forcé au désir" au désirant(AU)
A situação global da pandemia COVID-19 e as medidas de isolamento significaram o colapso de muitas das certezas que sustentavam o mundo como o conhecíamos. Essas grandes mudanças no cotidiano, como na instituição escolar, tornaram ainda mais evidentes as altas demandas das crianças, nas solicitações de adaptação. Reduzido a "tarefas", o educativo surge como um novo imperativo, que se sustentado a partir do mero cumprimento das demandas, anula o desejo, resultando em manifestações de angústia, relutância e desconforto. A tarefa separada do impulso vivificador da escola torna-se um excesso. O desafio da clínica e da vida atual em geral, parece ser debatido na possibilidade singular de passar do obrigatório ao desejo. Ou melhor, o desafio de ir "do forçado a desejar"... ao desejante(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Quarantine , Education, Distance/methods , Physical Distancing , COVID-19/psychology , Apathy , Psychological DistressABSTRACT
El objetivo de este trabajo fue comprobar si hay diferencias en la implicación en los deberes escolares en función de los distintos niveles de rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Debido al posible efecto que pueden tener el género, curso y la motivación intrínseca, se controlaron sus efectos incorporándolas como covariables en el diseño. La muestra está integrada por 388 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria de centros públicos de A Coruña (España). Los resultados indican que, a medida que los niveles de rendimiento académico de los estudiantes sean más altos, hay un aumento progresivo en la cantidad de deberes realizados y en el aprovechamiento del tiempo. Además, otro resultado destacado es que, según los alumnos van avanzando de curso, realizan una menor cantidad de deberes de los prescritos por el profesor y aprovechan peor el tiempo que dedican a esos deberes. Todo ello debe tenerse en cuenta para la práctica educativa: una mayor motivación intrínseca implicará una mejor gestión del tiempo, una mayor cantidad de deberes realizados y, consecuentemente, un mejor rendimiento.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar se existem diferenças no envolvimento em tarefas escolares dependendo dos diferentes níveis de desempenho acadêmico dos alunos. Devido ao possível efeito que gênero, curso e motivação intrínseca podem ter, seus efeitos foram controlados incorporando-os como covariáveis no design. A amostra é integrada por 388 alunos do Ensino Secundário de centros públicos da Corunha (Espanha). Os resultados indicam que, como os níveis de desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes são maiores, há um aumento progressivo na quantidade de tarefas desempenhadas e no uso do tempo. Além disso, outro resultado marcante é que, de acordo com os alunos que estão avançando, naturalmente, o número de deveres feitos daqueles prescritos pelo professor diminui e também o uso que eles fazem do tempo que dedicam a eles. Tudo isso deve ser levado em consideração para a prática educacional: uma maior motivação intrínseca implicará em uma melhor gestão do tempo, maior quantidade de tarefas realizadas e, consequentemente, melhor desempenho acadêmico.
The objective of this work was to check if there are differences in homework involvement depending on the different levels of academic achievement of students. Due to the possible effect that gender, course and intrinsic motivation can have, their effects were controlled by incorporating them as covariates in the design. The sample is integrated by 388 students of Secondary Education of public centers of A Coruña (Spain). The results indicate that as the levels of academic achievement of the students are higher, there is a progressive increase in the amount of homework done and in the use of time. In addition, another outstanding result is that as the grade progresses, not only decreases the amount of homework, but also the use they make of time is becoming less and less. All this should be taken into account for the educational practice: a greater intrinsic motivation will imply a better management of time, a greater amount of homework and, consequently, a better academic achievement.
Subject(s)
Education, Primary and Secondary , Academic PerformanceABSTRACT
RESUMO Este estudo caracterizou a motivação para a leitura e os hábitos e estratégias para a realização da lição de casa de um grupo de estudantes do 2º ao 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental, de duas cidades de São Paulo e da Bahia. Explorou também a relação entre os construtos motivação e hábitos e estratégias para a realização da lição de casa e as diferenças em cada construto em razão do ano escolar. Os 545 participantes, entre 6 e 17 anos, preencheram um questionário de identificação e duas escalas do tipo Likert. A motivação extrínseca autônoma e as estratégias favoráveis à aprendizagem predominaram. As correlações entre os construtos alvo variaram de nulas a moderadas. A qualidade da motivação e os hábitos desfavoráveis à aprendizagem diferiram significativamente ao longo dos anos escolares, especialmente nos alunos paulistas.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify reading motivation and homework strategies and habits of a group of students from the 2nd to the 5th grade of Elementary School from two cities of São Paulo e Bahia. It also explored the relation between the motivation and habits/strategies constructs and the differences in each construct throughout the school grades. The 545 participants, aged 6 to 17 years, completed an identification questionnaire and two Likert scales. Autonomous extrinsic motivation and homework strategies which promote learning predominated. Correlations between the target constructs ranged from zero to moderate. Motivational quality and homework strategies differed significantly along the school years, especially for students from São Paulo.
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Objective To investigate the effectiveness of Microlecture plus PowerPoint (PPT) in physiology experiment teaching.Methods The students of clinical medicine in Grade 2015 of Hubei University of Medicine were selected as the subjects.Among them,61 students in Class 1 were studied as the control group,while 59 students in Class 2 as the experimental group.The control group adopted the traditional teaching method and required students to complete the experimental report with handwriting,while the experimental group adopted teaching method of Microlecture plus PPT.In the experimental group,students watched the microlecture for preview and could also repeat watching at any time to correct the mistakes during the operation.After class,students of the experimental group were required to complete the experiment report in the form of PPT and send it to the teacher through QQ within the prescribed time.The learning outcomes were evaluated by using descriptive analysis and t test based on the class operation,final examination and questionnaire.Results Both the average score of experiment operation and the average scoreof final theory exam in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group [(95.074 ± 3.233) vs.(81.706 ± 2.901) and (92.204 ± 3.074) vs.(77.913 ± 2.611)],and the differences were of statistical significance(P＜0.05).The recovery rate of questionnaire survey was 100％ in the experimental group.Over 80％ students thought Microlecture plus PPT could help enhance autonomous learning ability,deepen the understanding of theory and increase group cooperation ability,et al.Conclusion Microlecture plus PPT teaching can improve the teaching effect of physiology experiment teaching,which is worthy of promotion.However,it is still necessary to combine other teaching methods to achieve better teaching results.
ABSTRACT
The decrease in physical activity in elementary school children is an important problem in Japan. Previous studies have shown that physical activity during the summer vacation is lower than during the school days, and a program for increase in physical activity during the summer vacation are required. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of physical education homework and exercise events during summer vacation in elementary school children. A total of 67 children in grade 4 were assigned to the two groups for each school: the control school (n = 39) or the intervention school (i.e., did physical education homework and participated in exercise events; n = 28). Physical education homework was constituted of four exercise programs per day. Additionally, exercise events were carried out four times during the summer vacation. Physical activity before and during the summer vacation were measured by accelerometer (Lifecorder EX). The decline in physical activity of the intervention school was less than the control school, and significant interactions were indicated by two-way repeated ANOVA (Step count: F (1, 65) = 6.704; Light-intensity physical activity, LPA: F (1, 65) = 4.365; Moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, MVPA: F (1, 65) = 6.088, all P < 0.05, respectively). After adjusted for sex, percentage of overweight, participation of sport activity, and each physical activity, significant trends of interactions about the step count, LPA, and MVPA were shown (Step count: F (1, 61) = 3.982, P = 0.050; LPA: F (1, 61) = 3.243, P = 0.077; MVPA: F (1, 61) = 2.916, P = 0.093). These results suggest that combined use of physical education homework and exercise events are effective to attenuate the decrease in physical activity during summer vacation in elementary school children.
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RESUMO: a tarefa de casa (TC) pode contribuir para a realização de aprendizagem significativa e para complementar e reforçar as atividades realizadas em sala de aula. Objetivou-se identificar e analisar como as TC estão sendo propostas para alunos com deficiência física (DF) inseridos em classes de ensino comum, a partir da percepção de professoras e cuidadoras familiares. Participaram do estudo 15 professoras e 15 cuidadoras familiares de crianças com DF, inseridas em classes de ensino comum. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados dois roteiros de entrevista semiestruturados, sendo um aplicado para as professoras e outro para as cuidadoras familiares. As verbalizações foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra para posterior análise de conteúdo e categorização. Os resultados sugerem que o professor, em muitos casos, não adapta as TC para atender as demandas do aluno e, em outros, não oferece tarefa para o aluno com DF na mesma proporção que o faz para os demais alunos. Com relação às famílias, os resultados indicam que estas percebem as dificuldades da criança e, ao mesmo tempo, angustiam-se com a falta de comunicação com a escola nesse quesito, o que ocasiona questionamentos e dúvidas em relação ao desempenho do aluno. Os resultados deste estudo podem ser úteis no contexto da Educação Inclusiva, no sentido de a TC adquirir uma função particularmente interessante, pois, se bem gerenciada, pode funcionar como uma atividade mediadora da interlocução entre a escola e a família.
ABSTRACT: Homework (HW) can contribute to the achievement of meaningful learning and complement and strengthen classroom activities.This study aimed to identify and analyze how HW is being proposed for students with physical disabilities (PD) integrated into regular education classes, from the perception of teachers and family caregivers. Fifteen teachers and the same number of family caregivers of children with PD took part on this study. Two semi-structured interview scripts were used for data collection, each one for a distinct group (teachers and family caregivers). The interviews were recorded and transcribed for further analysis and categorization. The results suggest that the teacher, in many cases, does not adjust the HW to suit the demands of the student, or does not provide the same amount of HW for the student with PD than does for other students. Regarding the families, the results indicate that they perceive the child's difficulties and at the same time, anguish over with the lack of communication with the school, which leads to concerns and doubts about the performance of the student. The results of this study may be useful in the context of inclusive education, because a well-managed HW can acquire a particularly interesting function as a mediator between school and family.
ABSTRACT
Abstract This study investigates the measurement invariance as a function of gender and educational level of the Homework Behavior Questionnaire (Ktpc), an instrument developed to assess students' homework self-regulation strategies. A sample of 1400 elementary and middle school students was used. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the theoretical model composed of three dimensions: planning, execution and evaluation of the homework completion. The results also provided evidence for the existence of metric invariance and partial scalar measurement invariance across boys and girls and across the elementary school and the middle school students. The reliability of the scores in the three dimensions was high. Girls obtained higher scores than boys in planning, execution and evaluation. Middle school students had lower scores in planning compared to the elementary school students. These findings are discussed, and their implications for practice are highlighted. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychometrics , Students/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Education, Primary and Secondary , Self-Management/psychology , Portugal , Educational Status , Gender IdentityABSTRACT
According to the trend of the development of the quality education, it is necessary to re-form the traditional homework assignments in medical microbiology for improving the innovation ability of students. This program attempts to reform the homework on clinical medicine undergraduates. First, the teacher must master diversified knowledge, and then the student design and finish the homework combine with personal characteristic from the training requirements of experimental confirmation, theoretical cognition and social survey. The questionnaire shows the personalized homework can help students to master the pro-fessional knowledge, stimulate study interest and improve the comprehensive quality.
ABSTRACT
Descrever os hábitos e estratégias relativas à realização da lição de casa e identificar diferenças em relação a variáveis como idade, estado, gênero e ano escolar foram os objetivos do presente estudo. Participaram 426 alunos, entre 10 e 17 anos, do sexto ao nono ano do Ensino Fundamental, de escolas públicas do interior de São Paulo e da Bahia. Os dados foram coletados mediante um questionário de identificação e uma escala do tipo Likert. Os resultados evidenciaram que os escolares apresentaram bons hábitos e estratégias relativas à lição de casa. Diferenças significativas emergiram somente em relação à idade e ao estado no qual os alunos residiam. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em razão do gênero e da progressão escolar.
To describe habits and strategies students employ to do homework and to identify age, state, gender, and school year related differences in these habits and strategies were the objectives of the present study. The sample was composed of 426 students, with ages range between 10 and 17 years, from the sixth to the ninth school year of a public elementary schools in the states of São Paulo and Bahia. Data were collected by means of an identification questionnaire and a Likert type scale. Results showed that students had good habits and strategies for doing homework. Significant differences emerged only for age and state in which students lived. No significant differences were found due to gender and school grade level.
Describir los hábitos y estrategias relativas a la realización de la tarea y se identifican diferencias en relación a variables como la edad, estado, sexo y año de la escuela eran los objetivos de este estudio. Con la asistencia de 426 estudiantes, entre 10 y 17 años a partir del sexto al noveno año de la escuela primaria, la escuela pública de São Paulo y Bahía. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante un cuestionario de identificación y una escala de Likert. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes tenían buenos hábitos y estrategias relacionadas con la tarea. Surgieron diferencias significativas sólo en relación con la edad y el estado en el que los estudiantes vivían. Se encontraron diferencias significativas debidas al género y la progresión de la escuela.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Schools , Students , Education, Primary and Secondary , HabitsABSTRACT
The Outline-style homework is introduced, which is one of the characteristic diagnostic methods of TCM psychology. The outline-style homework contents include①the painful, sad or aggrieving things.②the person(s) or object(s) or event(s) that your are/were afraid of.③the past events about love relationship and sex that you are reluctant or feel too ashamed to mention.④the most trusted, dependence, unforgettable person, and why.⑤the most relaxed , happy time, and why? It comes from the ancient Chinese emotional theory and modern TCM psychotherapy practice. Nowadays, this method is widely used to help doctors quickly collect the patient's mental condition, growth experience, and convenient for clinical treatment.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os sentimentos e percepções dos pais em relação ao envolvimento na tarefa escolar dos filhos. Foi utilizada pesquisa qualitativa, com ênfase na utilização do grupo focal. Participaram do estudo 12 responsáveis de adolescentes que cursavam o 7º, 8º e 9º anos do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola privada. Os dados foram analisados através da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram que os pais veem a tarefa escolar como elemento constituinte da dinâmica das atividades escolares, a despeito dos sentimentos negativos que permeiam seu envolvimento na referida tarefa.
In this work we investigate the feelings and perceptions of the parents towards their involvement in the homework of their children. A qualitative research was made with emphasis on the use of the focal group. The study had 12 participants : people responsible for teenagers who were in the 7th, 8th and 9th grade of the basic education from a private school. The data were analyzed by content analysis. The results indicated that the parents see the homework as an element which belongs to the dynamics of school activities, despite the negative feelings that permeate their involvement in the mentioned schoolwork.
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los sentimientos y percepciones de los padres en relación al envolvimiento en la tarea escolar de los hijos. Se utilizó investigación cualitativa, con énfasis en la utilización del grupo focal. Participaron del estudio 12 responsables de adolescentes que cursaban el 7º, 8º y 9º años de la Enseñanza Fundamental de una escuela privada. Los datos fueron analizados por intermedio del análisis de contenido. Los resultados indicaron que los padres ven la tarea escolar como elemento constituyente de la dinámica de las actividades escolares, a respecto de los sentimientos negativos que permean su envolvimiento en la referida tarea.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Child Rearing , Parent-Child Relations , Schools , PerceptionABSTRACT
O Trabalho de Casa (TPC) é uma estratégia instrutiva amplamente utilizada na Escola de muitos países. O TPC é um processo complexo que é afectado por múltiplos factores de ordem cognitiva, motivacional, social e contextual. A investigação tem-se centrado no tempo despendido na realização das tarefas de TPC, no entanto os resultados de vários estudos e as críticas metodológicas sugerem a necessidade de direccionar a pesquisa para outras variáveis. O objectivo deste estudo é a análise do poder preditivo da auto-eficácia percebida na Matemática e de três dimensões menos exploradas na literatura do TPC (e.g., número de TPC prescritos, taxa de completamento, e correcção percebida do TPC) sobre o rendimento a matemática, em alunos portugueses do 5.º e 6.º ano de escolaridade (10 e 11 anos). Os resultados sugerem que o rendimento a matemática se encontra explicado, positiva e significativamente, pelas variáveis escolhidas. As conclusões sugerem a urgência de repensar o TPC como ferramenta educativa promotora do sucesso académico.
Homework is a well known teaching strategy in schools all over the world. Considered as a very complex process, homework is said to be affected by numerous factors, being these cognitive, motivational, social or even contextual. Several studies have privileged time spent on homework has main variable, however homework research findings and new approach perspectives suggest the need to study other important and impacting variables. The goal of the present study is analyzing Math perceived self-efficacy and three other dimensions rarely approached in homework literature (e.g. number of Math homework assignments, completion rate and perceived correction of homework assigned) as predictors of middle school students' (aged 10-11) Math achievement. Data suggest that Math achievement is positive and significantly explained by the chosen variables. Findings stress the importance of rethinking homework as a renewed instructional tool designed to achieve success.
El Trabajo para Casa (TPC) es una estrategia educativa ampliamente utilizada en las escuelas de muchos países. El TPC es un proceso complejo afectado por varios factores cognitivos, de motivación, sociales y contextuales. La investigación de ha concentrado en el tiempo gasto en la realización de las tareas de TPC, pese a los resultados de varios estudios y las críticas metodológicas sugerir la necesidad de dirigir la investigación para otras variables. El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis del poder de predicción de la auto-eficacia percibida en Matemáticas y de tres dimensiones menos examinadas en la literatura del TPC (número de TPC prescriptos, tasa de completamiento y corrección percibida del TPC) sobre el rendimiento en matemáticas, en alumnos portugueses del 5° y 6° grado (10 y 11 años). Los resultados sugieren que el rendimiento en matemáticas se explica, positivamente y significativamente, por las variables elegidas. Las conclusiones sugieren la urgencia en repensar el TPC como una herramienta educativa promotora del suceso académico.
Subject(s)
Humans , Mathematics , Psychology, EducationalABSTRACT
Neste estudo investigaram-se as práticas e concepções relativas ao dever de casa, em camadas populares e nas camadas médias, buscando desvelar aspectos do processo educacional referentes às relações família-escola e ao currículo escolar. Os participantes da pesquisa foram professores, alunos e pais de três turmas de 3ª série do ensino fundamental, de duas escolas privadas e uma pública. Realizaram-se observações em sala de aula, aplicou-se um questionário aos pais dos alunos e foram feitas entrevistas com os profissionais e com dez pais de cada escola. A análise dos dados revelou: (a) um consenso entre as famílias investigadas quanto à importância dos deveres de casa e de seu acompanhamento pelos pais do aluno; (b) as desigualdades de condições familiares para esse acompanhamento, bem como as desigualdades de ofertas educacionais das escolas. Tais resultados evidenciam a complexidade escondida nas práticas aparentemente banais ligadas aos deveres de casa.
The practices and conceptions related to homework in low income and middle classes were investigated in this study. It aimed to unveil aspects of the educational process concerned to the family-school relation and school curricula. The research participants were teachers, students and parents of three 3rd grade classes from two private schools and one public school. The classes were observed, a questionnaire was applied to the students' parents, and professionals and ten parents from each school were interviewed. The data analysis revealed: (a) consensus was reached regarding the importance of the homework among the investigated families; (b) unequal family conditions for assisting this task and unequal educational support schools offer. These results evidence the complexity hidden in the apparently unimportant practices related to homework.
Cuesto estudio investigo las prácticas y concepciones relativas al los deberes de casa, en camadas populares y en las clases medias, buscándose por medio de ellas, revelar aspectos del proceso educacional referente a las relaciones familia-escuela y al currículo escolar .Los participantes de la investigación fueron profesores, alumnos y padres de tres salas de 3º grado de la primaria, de dos escuelas privadas y una pública. Se realizaron observaciones en la sala de aula, se aplicó un cuestionario a los padres de los alumnos y se realizaron entrevistas con los profesionales y con diez padres de cada escuela. El análisis de los datos reveló: (a) un consenso entre las familias investigadas en cuanto a la importancia de los deberes de casa y del acompañamiento de los padres; (b) las desigualdades de las condiciones familiares para ese acompañamiento, así como las desigualdades de ofertas educacionales de las escuelas. Tales resultados evidencian la complejidad escondida en las prácticas aparentemente banales ligadas a los deberes de casa.