Feasibility of Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) alone as a screening method for antinuclear antibody in connective diseases in India's sub-Himalayan region

Background: For the management of connective tissue disorders (CTDs), antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is essential, both from diagnostic and prognostic points of view. Usually, patterns obtained by ANA-IIF testing correlates to specific autoantibodies as obtained from the test for ENA (by LIA/ELISA, etc.). But to apply these data from western studies, we may need validation in the local population like our subjects in sub-Himalayan (Garhwal region) area where CTDs are common. Also, suppose ANA-IFA pattern's correlation is reliably known in our population, it can minimize the cost of managing CTDs by limiting ENA testing, which is 10 times costlier than ANA-IIF. Hence, this study was undertaken to know the specific autoantibody targets (ENA by LIA) against ANA-IIF patterns in our local population. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional work, serum samples of CTDs were tested for ANA by IIF (Euroimmune AG) and ENA by LIA (Euroline ANA-3G) continuously for 36 months. The manufacturer's kit insert was followed, and results were analyzed applying appropriate statistical methods. Results: Major ANA-IIF patterns were found to be associated with specific autoantibodies, for example, Nuclear homogenous with dsDNA, nucleosomes, histones; speckled pattern with nRNP/Sm, Sm, SSA/Ro-52, SSB; nucleolar pattern with Scl-70, Pm-Scl 100 and centromere pattern with CENP-B. Anticytoplasmic (ACA) are found to be linked with some ANA negative (by IIF) samples, emphasizing the need for careful observation for ACA especially where ANA is not found. Conclusions: In most subjects, specific ENA targets correlated well with ANA-IIF patterns, implying effective cost minimization in CTD management. Similar future prospective studies (with clinical data) can provide a database and reference for our population.

Comparison of calculated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol by Friedwald’s equation and direct low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol by homogenous assay

Background: LDL cholesterol is a known atherogenic factor and basis for risk classification of coronary heart disease. Reference method for measurement is beta-quantitation which is laborious and time consuming. The other method for measurement is direct homogenous assay which is costly so most laboratories use Friedwald’s formula for LDL measurement. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare between calculated LDL by Friedwald’s formula and direct LDL by homogenous assay in fasting lipid profile samples. Material and Methods: We have taken data of 208 fasting lipid profile from past records after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee permission. Patients with TG > 400 mg/dl were excluded from the study. Results: In our study, Pearson’s coefficient is 0.97 when TG < 200 mg/dl and Pearson’s coefficient is 0.95 when TG > 200 mg/dl. There is a less difference in patient’s risk classification by calculated LDL and direct LDL when TG < 200 mg/dl. Conclusion: Friedwald’s formula is a cost-effective method for measurement of LDL in comparison to homogenous assays. We can use calculated LDL when TG < 200 mg/dl without any risk of patient’s misclassification.

The influence of homogeneous medical concept combined with focused nursing on the body function of postoperative colostomy patients with colorectal cancer and nursing evaluation / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore effect of homogeneous medical concept nursing mode combined with focused solution mode on self-efficacy and immunity function and nursing satisfaction analysis of patients with postoperative enterostomy of colorectal cancer.Methods:A total of 102 patients with colorectal cancer undergoing postoperative enterostomy admitted to Suining Central Hospital from December 2019 to December 2020 were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to random number table method, with 52 cases in observation group and 50 cases in control group. The control group received homogeneous medical concept nursing mode, and the observation group combined with the focused solution mode nursing intervention on this basis. The self-efficacy, immune function and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared.Results:The general self-efficacy of the observation group was higher than that of the control group ( χ2=2.61, P<0.05). After nursing, the stomato-related self-efficacy score of the observation group was 102.69 ± 12.37, which was higher than that of the control group (90.13±11.22). There was significant difference between the two groups ( t= 5.37, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ and NK levels between 2 groups one day after surgery ( P>0.05). The levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ and NK in peripheral blood of the observation group after nursing care were (67.21 ± 6.21)%, (67.22 ± 8.76)%, (2.65 ± 0.45)% and (19.50 ± 2.05)%, respectively, which were higher than those of the control group (60.32 ± 5.45)%, (60.21 ± 8.25)%, (2.41 ± 0.32)% and (15.62 ± 1.81)%. The differences were statistically significant ( t=5.95, 4.21, 3.11, all P<0.05). The total satisfaction rate of nursing in the observation group was 98.08% (51/52), which was higher than 84.00% (42/50) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2= 2.63, P<0.05). Conclusions:The application of homogenous medical concept nursing mode combined with focused solution mode in colorectal cancer postoperative enterostomy patients is helpful to improve patients' self-efficacy, enhance patients ′ immune function, and improve nursing satisfaction degree, which is worthy of further promotion in clinical practice.

Effect of Process Variables on the Transesterification Process of Palm Oil Sludge to Biodiesel

In this research work, the optimum process variables (catalyst, methanol to oil ratio and reaction time) for transesterification of palm oil sludge (POS) to biodiesel were studied. The transesterification process was carried by mixture of palm oil sludge, methanol and catalyst with the help of magnetic stirrer at 300 rpm and at temperature of 60ºC. The catalyst used for the process was potassium hydroxide (KOH). One-Factor-at-A-Time was used to select the possible optimum levels of process variable that gives high biodiesel yield. The study was evaluated by five levels of methanol-to-oil ratio (1:1 – 12:1), catalyst (0.1- 2%) and reaction time (30 – 150 min).The optimum process variables for transesterification of palm oil sludge (POS) to achieved maximum biodiesel yield were found to be methanol to oil molar ratio of 12:1, catalyst loading of 1.5wt% and reaction time of 30 min. At this optimum conditions the maximum biodiesel yield was 61.2%. The biodiesel produced from transesterification of palm oil sludge was characterized in order to determine the properties of the product. The density of POS is 857.0 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity of 5.38 mm2/s, flash point of 180°C, pour point of -5°C, and Acid value of 0.17 mgKOH/g. The biodiesel produced from transesterification of palm oil sludge meets the EN 14214 and ASTM 6751 standard. Thus, this study will be helpful to determine an efficient and economical procedure for biodiesel production from non-edible raw materials with high free fatty acid.

Aumento ósseo alveolar vertical e horizontal combinando osso autógeno, osso mineral particulado anorgânico homógeno, rhBMP-2/ACS e tela de titânio pós-exodontia na região mandibular anterior para colocação de implantes: relato de caso clínico com achados histológicos / Horizontal and vertical ridge augmentation combining autogenous-, mineral, particulate inorganic homogenous bone, rhBMP-2/ACS, and titanium mesh after tooth extraction in the anterior mandible for further dental implant placement: a clinical report with histological findings

Este relato de caso clínico descreve o uso da rhBMP-2/ACS para reconstrução de defeitos ósseos na região mandibular anterior. Paciente do sexo feminino, 63 anos de idade, mostrava esplintagem dos elementos 31 e 41 com resina composta e sinais de periodontite. Uma perda óssea alveolar extensa em forma de sela (15 mm de altura x 10 mm de largura) foi detectada nos exames radiográficos 2D e 3D (TCFC). O plano de tratamento incluiu: extração dentária, colocação de osso autógeno mentoniano, osso mineral anorgânico homógeno, rhBMP-2/ACS e tela de titânio, na mesma sessão. Após seis meses, uma nova cirurgia foi realizada para colocação de dois implantes de titânio (torque fi nal de inserção 35 Ncm), que foram deixados submersos. Uma biopsia, 12 meses após o enxerto, foi realizada e os resultados histológicos mostraram tecido ósseo viável sem sinais inflamatórios. A única intercorrência pós-operatória foi o edema esperado (dez dias). Duas coroas metalocerâmicas individuais foram confeccionadas sobre os cilindros calcináveis e entregues ao paciente. Dentro dos limites do caso e da extensão do defeito, resultados clínicos excelentes foram obtidos pela combinação dos biomateriais e dos implantes osseointegrados

This case report describes the use of rhBMP-2/ACS to reconstruct anterior mandibular bone defects. A 63 years-old female patient presented with a composite resin splinting at teeth 31 and 41 showing signs of periodontitis. A saddle-like extensive bone loss (15 mm in height x 10 mm in length) was detected on 2-D and 3-D (CBCT) image examination. The treatment planning included tooth extraction, chin bone graft, annorganic mineral graft, rhBMP-2/ACS, and a titanium mesh in the same clinical procedure. Six months later, the site was opened for dental implant placement (final insertion torque: 35 Ncm) and submersed healing. A biopsy was taken after 12 months and the histological results demonstrated viable bone tissue with no signs of inflammation. However, as expected, postoperative complications included edema in the grafted region. Finally, two metalloceramic restorations over burnout prosthetic cylinders were delivered to the patient. Within the limits of the bone defect, excellent clinical outcomes were observed by combining different biomaterials and osseointegrated implants.

The Effects of Preoperatively Administering Parenteral Iron Sucrose in Patients Who Are Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative parenteral iron sucrose therapy in patients with postoperative anemia following total knee arthroplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients who had postoperative anemia and who had undergone total knee arthroplasty from March 2008 to November 2008. Those patients agreed on treatment with preoperative parenteral iron sucrose therapy. The other 30 patients without iron sucrose administration were selected as a control group from January 2007 to February 2008. In this study, age, gender, the preoperative and postoperative values of hemoglobin, the operation time, the amount of bleeding, the amount of transfusion, the frequency of transfusion, postoperative infection and the length of the hospital stay were evaluated and statistically compared. Postoperative complications were also assessed. RESULTS: Ant complications due to the administration of iron sucrose were not observed. At 48 hours postoperatively, the mean hemoglobin of iron sucrose administration group was 9.4 g/dL and that of the control group was 8.7 g/dL (p=0.008). Homogenous transfusion was done for 17 cases in the iron sucrose administration group and for 22 cases in the non-iron sucrose administration group, but among these groups, the results were statistically insignificant. The amount of homogenous transfusion for each patient who underwent iron sucrose administration is 1.3 units and this was 1.7 units for each patient who underwent non-iron sucrose administration. No statistical differences were observed between the groups in this study. CONCLUSION: Parenteral iron sucrose administration in patients following total knee arthroplasty was not efficacious for preventing immediate postoperative anemia.

Levantamento de seio maxilar com utilização de enxerto homógeno / Elevation of maxilar sinus with the use of homogenous bone

A implantodontia moderna tem buscado cada vez mais novas técnicas para resolver situações adversas com relação às áreas de ausência de tecido ósseo, causadas por perdas dentais precoces. Este artigo consiste na apresentação de um relato de caso clínico, no qual foi utilizado o enxerto homógeno obtido do Banco de Tecidos Músculo Esquelético do HC-UFPR. Essa modalidade terapêutica mostrou-se satisfatória por apresentar menor tempo clínico operatório, menor desconforto ao paciente e quantidade óssea necessária independente da extensão da área receptora.

The modern dental implant has increasingly sought new techniques for adverse situations in areas without bone tissue due to premature bone loss. This article presents a clinical case using a homogeneous bone graft from the Skeletal Muscle Tissue Bank of HC-UFPR (Brazil). This type of therapy has been successful due to its faster clinical surgery, less discomfort for the patient and the amount of bone needed regardless of the extent of the receiving area.

The experimental study of homogenous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in treating acute myocardial infarction / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the allngeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs) transplantation on cardiac rehabilitation and cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Method Acute myocardial infarction models were made by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of rats. A total of 90 rats were randomly divided into the cell transplantation group and control group, 45 rars in each group. Rats in the cell transplantation group were subdivided into 3 groups according to the administration time of the allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks), and the control group was subdivided the same as in the cell transplantation group. The success criteria included the anterior my-ocardial wall darked and the Sr-segment elevation. The rat femur bone marrow cells were separated using centrifu-gal method, mononuclear cells were isolated by lymphocyte fluid, and the third generation of mesenchymal stem cells were obtained by washing, culture, passage and marked by 4, 6 diacetyl-2-phenyl Indole (DAPI). The ani-mals' chest was opened again a week later, the stem cell suspension was injected into the border zone of infarct area, and the control group was injected with medium. Pre-operative,2 weeks, 4 weeks and 12 weeks after trans-plantation, cardiac function was tested by ultrasonic, myocardial biopsy was observed by HE conventional staining, cardiac stem cells division were observed by immunofluorescence. All data was analyzed by software SPSS 10.0, Independent-Samples T test and Chi-Square test was used, and P≤0.05 was considered as statistically signif-icant. Results The markered hone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were left in the myocardial cells and differen-tiated to eardiomyocyte-like cells. After 12 weeks, the left ventricular internal diameter of rats in cell transplanta-tion group was about (0.58±0.09) mm(P<0.05). Thickness of myocardial infarction zone was (0.25±0.01) mm (P<0.05),ejection fraction was (67.52±0.61) (P<0.05) and left ventricular fractional shortening was (39.86±3.00) (P<0.05). In the transplantation group, the DAPI marked nucleus presented as blue, and the cytoplasm of myocardial cell presented as green. HE staining showed that, in the cell transplantation group, there was less scar tissue and a large proportion of nuclear, similar to the fetal or newhom myocardium cells. Conclu-sions The homogeneus mesenchymal stem cell could repair myocardial infarction and improve cardiac function af-ter infarction.

Construction and identification of human p16 gene recombinant adenovirus / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To construct the recombinant adenovirus encoding human p16 gene for future gene therapy.Methods The human p16 gene fragment was cloned into the shuttle plasmid pAdTrack-CMV to form the transfer vector by the method of homogenous recombination in bacteria.Then the recombinant adenovirus was transfected into 293T cells using Lipofectine DOTAP.The target gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The titer and its infection rate were determined using the green fluorescent protein(GFP) expression in the shuttle plasmid.Results Restriction endonuclease and PCR analysis confirmed that the human p16 gene was successfully inserted into the adenovirus vector.The titer of the recombinant adenovirus was 6.1?10~(10)pfu/ml.The adenovirus has a strong effect on human fibroblast cells.Conclusion The recombinant adenovirus containing human p16 gene was successfully constructed by the method of homogenous recombination in bacteria.

Construction of recombinant adenovirus containing human IL-24 gene and expression in A549 cells / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To construct the recombinant adenovirus encoding human IL-24 gene for future gene therapy. Methods The human IL-24 gene fragment was cloned into the shuttle plasmid pAdTrack-CMV to form the transfer vector by the method of homogenous recombination in bacteria. Then the recombinant adenovirus was transfected into 293T cells using Lipofectine DOTAP. The target gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The titer and its infection rate were determined using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in the shuttle plasmid. The expression of target protein was measured by the method of immunohistochemistry. Results Restriction endonuclease and PCR analysis confirmed that the human IL-24 gene was successfully inserted into the adenovirus vector. The titer of the recombinant adenovirus was 1.2?10 10 pfu/ml. The adenovirus has a strong effect on A549 cells and human IL-24 can express in it. Conclusion The recombinant adenovirus containing human IL-24 gene was successfully constructed by the method of homogenous recombination in bacteria.

Construction and identification of mouse Osf2/Cbfal gene recombinant adenovirus / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To construct the recombinant adenovirus of mouse Osf2/Cbfal gene and to observe its ability to infect NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Methods The Osf2/Cbfal gene fragment was cloned into the shuttle plasmid pAdTrack-CMV to form the transfer vector by the method of homogenous recombination in bacteria. Then the recombinant adenovirus was transfected into NIH3T3 cells using Lipofectine DOTAP, The target gene was detected by poly-merase chain reaction (PCR). The titer and its infection rate were determined using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in the shuttle plasmid. Results Restriction endonuclease and PCR analyses confirmed that the Osf2/Cbfal gene was successfully inserted into the adenovirus vector. The titer of the recombinant adenovirus was 1.6?1012 pfu/ml. The adenovirus had a strong effect on NIH3T3 cells. Conclusion The recombinant adenovirus containing Osf2/Cbfal gene was successfully constructed by the method of homogenous recombination in bacteria.

Extraction of flavones from leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. by microwave technique and optimized by experimental design and optimization / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To select the best condition for microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of flavones from leaves of Ginkgo biloba L . and compare this method with the most conventional extraction way. Methods Both microwave assisted extraction and theat maceration were adopted for flavones from leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. , and the total content was determined by spectrophotometry. Results Under appropriate MAE conditions, both the recovery and purity of total flavones obtained from the experiments by uniform design and the orthogonal design were very similar. The optimal recovery and purity by orthogonal experimental design were 212 4 mg/g and 61 9%, respectively. The optimal results by orthogonal experimental design were 216 2 mg/g and 57 1%, respectively. However, the results by maceration were only 114 6 mg/g and 40 1%, respectively. Conclusion MAE is a more suitable method for the extraction of flavones from leaves of Ginkgo biloba L . because of its higher extraction rate and purity.

Analysis of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol by Homogenous Assay in Comparison with Friedewald Formula / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major risk factor in atherogenesis and coronary heart disease as well as a primary target of lipid-lowering therapy. LDL-C concentration by direct homogenous assay was compared with that of the Friedewald formula, which is widely used in spite of its limitations. METHODS: Between February and March 2002, we analyzed total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-C levels in 1, 161 subjects (601 men and 560 women). They were classified according to cutpoints of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The LDL-C results by direct method and the Friedewald formula were compared according to the TG levels and their medical decision values. RESULTS: Overall results of the direct method (Y) and the Friedewald formula (X) were highly correlated (Y=0.90X+13.62, r=0.9225). LDL-C by the Friedewald formula, however, showed a tendency of underestimation at higher TG levels. The results of the direct method were significantly different compared with those of the Friedewald formula when TG > or =200 mg/dL (P or =200 mg/dL. Therefore, a direct determination method with better analytical performance is required. A fully automated homogenous assay seems to improve the determination of LDL-C, and may have a role in the diagnosis and management of hyperlipidemic patients.

Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Laterally Spreading Tumors in Colorectum / 대한소화기내시경학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Among colorectal neoplasms, laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are defined as tumors over 10 mm in diameter that are low in height and grow superficially. We analyzed the clinicopathologic characteristics of LSTs in colorectum. METHODS: Forty six LSTs were analyzed according to their endoscopic and pathologic findings. RESULTS: Incidence of LSTs were 2.0% (46/2,276). Twenty two LSTs (47.8%) were less than 20 mm in diameter, 20 (43.5%) were 20-30 mm, 4 (8.7%) were larger than 30 mm. The most frequent location was rectosigmoid colon (54.3%), followed by ascending colon (21.7%). Morphplogic types were GH types 37.0% (17/46), MN types 30.4% (14/46) and F types 32.6% (15/46). Histologic types were tubular adenomas 65.2% (30/46), tubulovillous adenomas 26.1% (12/46) and villous adenomas 8.7% (4/46). The overall malignancy rate was 19.6% (9/46). Malignancy rates were 4.5% (1/22) in the lesions less than 20 mm, 30.0% (6/20) in 20-30 mm, 50.0% (2/4) in larger than 30 mm. Malignancy rates were 11.8% (2/17) in GH type, 21.4% (3/14) in NM type and 26.7% (4/15) in F type. Carcinoma invaded into the submucosa were present in one lesion of NM types and two of F type. CONCLUSIONS: LSTs larger than 20 mm had high malignant potential, more than 30%. Furthermore, LSTs showed different clinicopathologic characteristics depending on the morphologic classification. NM or F type had higher malignant potential than GH type.

In Vitro Chemosensitivity Test for Neuroblastoma Cells / 대한소아혈액종양학회지

PURPOSE: Neuroblastoma is the second common solid tumor in chidhood and has the worst prognosis in stage IV case. To improve the future survival rate in this disease the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients, the characteristics and chemosensitivity test of cultured neuroblastoma cells and the outcome were compared. METHODS: The clinical characteristics including age, urinary catecholamines, serum ferritin, neuron specific enolase, pathology, stage, and patient's outcome were evaluated in four neuroblastoma patients diagnosed at the Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National Univesity Hospital. The neuroblastoma cells obtained from tumor or bone marrow cells were cultured and used for immunobead test using mononuclear antibody, biochemical analysis, N-myc oncogene copy, chromosome study and chemosensitivity test. Cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, ifosfamide and melphalan were used in chemosensitivity test. The statistical analyses were done by chi2-method. RESULTS: The age of patients were 6~31 (mean; 18) months. The adrenal gland was the primary site and the stage was IV in all cases. In laboratory data, serum ferritin level were 40~352 (204) ng/mL, neuron specific enolase 45~167 (107) ng/mL, urinary excretion of HVA 1.8~268 (73) mg/day, of VMA 0.2~345 (87) mg/day and the HVA/VMA ratio 0.8~67 (20). Cultured neuroblastoma cells and immunobeads attached around the cell were observed. The partial deletion of short arm or monosomy of chromosome 1, double minutes or homogenous stained region were found in three patients. N-myc oncogene copy was positive in one of two tested. Radical surgery was done in three patients and chemotherpy and radiotherpy by CCG-3881 or -3891 were given in four patients. The duration of survival in three died patients were 6~13 (mean; 10) months. One is survived in relapse-free state for 52 months. In chemosensitivity test, the neuroblastoma cell of survivor was highly sensitive in all drugs compared to the neuroblastoma cell of relapsed patients. CONCLUSION: Normal serum ferritin level or normal chromosome were correlated as a good prognostic factors in survivor compare in relapsed patients. In chemosensitivity test, the neuroblastoma cells of survivor were higher sensitive to all drugs compare to those of relapsed patients. The chemosensitivity test of this method were relatively simple and could be used in selection of anticancer drug and as a prognostic factor in neuroblastoma.

Core formulation optimization of Osmotically Controlled Release Tablets of colchicine / 中成药

AIM: To investigate the optimum core formulation and drug release profile of colchicine osmotic pump tablets. METHODS: The key influencing factors and optimum core formulation were studied based on the cumulative drug release rate at different timepoints and homogenous factor(f_2) in combination with the orthoganal design. RESULTS: The drug release profile in vitro was influenced by components of the core tablet,including(amount) of osmogent,solubilizer and adherent.The optimum in vitro drug release profile obeyed the zero-order release model within 1～10 h(r=0.990 2),and drug released at 12h reached up to 85%. CONCLUSION: The colchicine osmotic-pump tablets are attainable by constant speed delivery.

The Targeted-deletion Technology in the Monascus ruber Mediated via Agrobacterium tumefaciens / 微生物学通报

Monascus spp.,a kind of filamentous fungi,produce abundant of important metabolites which were widely used in the fields of food and medicine.Until now,there are few reports on the important functional genes of the Monascus spp.due to little genetic information.In this paper,the feasibility of gene deletion mediated via Agrobacterium tumefaciens on the basis of homologous recombination was analyzed by studying on the deletion of the RGS domain of putative G-protein signaling regulator gene mrfA in Monascus ruber.The length of homologous arms of deletion vector pC805S were 958 bp and 824 bp,respectively.There were 26 transformants in which homologous recombination occurred in 138 transformants and the recombination rate was 18.8%.The result showed it was feasible to identify the function of unknown gene in M.ruber with the targeted-deletion technology mediated via A.tumefaciens.

Experimental Studies on the Restoration of Bone Defects with Vessel—attached Periosteum and Homogeneous Decalcified Bone / 中华创伤杂志

Using vessel—attached periosteum and homogenous decalcified bone to treat bone defects have beneficial effects in promoting healing of bone defects, forming neo—bone, and recovering the early function of limbs. The experimental method, disclosure of x—ray films, ultra structure changes under electron microscopy were presented. The results showed that with this way the mechanism of action of its promoting healing of bone defects was similar to that of healing of fractures, i. e. by intramembrane and intracatilage ossifications. The periosteal cells play a main role in the healing of the bone defect.