ABSTRACT
Background: Although the risk of sexually transmitted infections is far greater during vaginal and anal sex than during oral sex, increasing practice of oral sex and low rates of barrier method use will probably increase the relative importance of oral sex as a route of transmission for genital pathogens. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge and attitudes about oral sex and sexually transmitted infections, as well as oral sex practices, both among heterosexuals and homosexual men and to compare those two groups. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from consecutive sexually active male patients who ever had oral sex and who attended counselling for sexually transmitted infections at the City Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases in Belgrade from March to June 2016. One dermatologist interviewed all participants. Results: The study included 359 men who ever had oral sex, 95 (26.5%) homosexual and 264 (73.5%) heterosexual men. In comparison with heterosexual men, homosexual men had considerably more lifetime sexual partners and oral sex partners during the past 3 months, and significantly more frequently practiced oral-anal sex. Oral-sex related knowledge of all participants was unsatisfactory [correct answers were given by 95 (26.5%) to 277 (77.2%) participants], but it was significantly better in homosexual men than in heterosexual. Frequency of condom use and human immunodeficiency virus testing was also significantly higher in the case of homosexual than heterosexual men. Limitations: The study was not performed in representative sample of population. It was restricted to the patients. Consequently it is questionable whether the results obtained could be generalized. Conclusion: Oral sex related knowledge deficits and risky oral sex practice exist in both homosexual and heterosexual men. These findings indicate a need for effective public health campaign and patient education about the risks of unprotected oral sex.
ABSTRACT
A homofobia pode ser expressa como a antipatia, desprezo, preconceito, aversão, ódio, agressões físicas e verbais ou até mesmo o extermínio (crime de ódio) em relação às pessoas LGBT (lésbicas, gays, bissexuias e transexuais). No caso de estar presente nos próprios homossexuais, ela é definida como homofobia internalizada. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir possíveis impactos da homofobia internalizada em homossexuais idosos.
Homophobia can be expressed as the antipathy, contempt, prejudice, dislike, hatred, verbal and physical abuse or even death (hate crime) in relation to LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) people. When it happens in homosexuals themselves, it is scientifically defined as internalized homophobia. This article aims to discuss possible impacts of internalized homophobia in elderly homosexual men.
La homofobia puede ser expresada como la antipatía, desprecio, prejuicio, aversión, odio, agresiones físicas y verbales o incluso el exterminio (crimen de odio) en relación a las personas LGBT (lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transexuales). En el caso de estar presente en los propios homosexuales, ella es definida como homofobia internalizada. Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir posibles impactos de la homofobia internalizada en homosexuales ancianos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Homophobia , Homosexuality , Men , Sexual and Gender MinoritiesABSTRACT
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Prueba de Homo-fobia Internalizada (PHI), adaptada para autoinforme por Herek y Glunt en 1995. Un diseño instrumental de tipo psicométrico fue implementado. El muestreo fue no probabilístico tipo Bola de Nieve. 328 varones autoidentificados como homosexuales y bisexuales residentes en tres ciudades colombianas, con edades entre 14 y 67 años, contestaron la PHI. Se presenta evidencia de validez de contenido, nomológica y constructo. Se analiza la confiabilidad total y por subpruebas calculada mediante alfa de Cronbach a partir de los factores que arrojó el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio. Entre jueces expertos hubo concordancia significativa sobre coherencia, suficiencia, claridad y grado de aceptación pero no sobre relevancia de los ítems; PHI posee buena validez nomológica, al correlacionarse significativamente con otros cons-tructos como roles de género (r=.36; p=.001), preocupación por la imagen corporal (r=.35; p=.002) y estrés minoritario (r=.25; p=.033). Análisis factorial exploratorio arrojó dos factores que explican el 54 % de la varianza. La PHI tiene confiabilidad aceptable (a total = .71; al = .84; a2 = .60). Se concluye que esta prueba posee características psicométricas adecuadas.
The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the test Internalized Homophobia IHP, accessible and Herek auto Glunt report in 1995. A design of psychometric instruments was implemented. The sampling was non probabilistic type Snowball. 328 self-identified as homosexual men and bisexuals in three Colombian cities residents, aged 14 and 67, they answered the PHI. Evidence of content validity, and construct nomological is presented. Total reliability is analyzed and sub test was calculated by Cronbach's Alpha from the factors that threw the Exploratory Factor Analysis. Among expert judges there was significant agreement on consistency, adequacy, clarity and acceptability but not relevance of items; PHI has good nomological validity when correlated significantly with other cons-tructs such as gender roles (r = .36, p = .001), concern about body image (r = .35, p = .002) and minority stress (r = .25; p = .033). Exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors that explain 54% of variance. PHI has acceptable reliability (a total= .71; al = .84; a2 = .60). We conclude that this test has adequate psychometric characteristics.