Academic Honesty and Dishonesty in Different Disciplines and Degrees at the University of Medical Sciences : A Descriptive CrossSectional Study

Introduction : Dishonesty is considered as a basic challenge in ethics of care, which imposes great burden on the Educational System and the Society. Dishonesty is accompanied with negative impacts on all aspect of academic atmosphere. The aim of this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was to determine dishonesty among 5 majors of study, Undergraduate and Graduate Degrees in School of Nursing and Midwifery. Materials and Methods : 340 Undergraduate and Graduate students completed a questionnaire about all kinds of academic dishonesty and their causes. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Result : Suggested lowest levels of dishonesty among students of Midwifery (7.5%) and Anesthesiology (5.3%). Significant relationship was observed between sex and honesty (P<0.001). Also living place and the major had significant relationship with honesty (P<0.001). No significant relationships were found between dishonesty and education level and other demographic characteristics. Conclusions : Many types of cheating are preventable through rules, correct training and educational management, which will eventually promote honesty in the educational system. This reveals the necessity of medical students’ familiarity with ethical codes and faculties’ emphasis on importance and role of ethics in Medical Sciences.

The application of WeChat applet and integrity propaganda and education in outpatient pre-examination during the prevalence of COVID-19 / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveDuring the prevention and control of COVID-19, it is a difficult problem to obtain the individual epidemiological status of outpatients efficiently and accurately in a large comprehensive third-grade class-A hospital. To discuss the application and effect of WeChat applet and integrity propaganda and education in outpatient pre-examination during the prevention and control of COVID-19.MethodsFirstly, the outpatients were treated with integrity propaganda and education (like informing the law and regulations, recording the personal credit) at the outpatient pre-examination office. Secondly, let them take real-name authentication in the hospital self-developed WeChat applet. Thirdly, the outpatients filled in the epidemiological questionnaire related to COVID-19 by WeChat. The differences between before using the application (8,186 patients) and after using (7,361 patients) were compared in pre-examination time and concealing the incidence of an individual's epidemiological history.ResultsAfter the application of WeChat applet and integrity propaganda and education, the pre-examination time after using application [(1.07±0.23)min] was shorter than that before using[(2.15±0.37) min] (P<0.05). The concealment rate of epidemiological history was 0.05% before using application and zero after using.ConclusionWeChat applet and integrity propaganda and education can shorten the pre-examination time of covid-19 and reduce the occurrence of concealing personal epidemiological history.

Reasons and countermeasures for medical disputes under the role of medical staff as "economic person" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Traditional medicine endows medical staff with the role of "moral person";however,with the development of market economy,the role of medical staff has gradually changed to "economic person" in medical activities.Under the role of "economic person",there is an increasing number of medical disputes and injuries of medical staff,with more and more serious consequences.This article analyzes the behavior characteristics of the rights and obligations of "moral person" and "economic person" and the causes of medical disputes under the role of "economic person".Since the lack of honesty has become the product of the new role of medical staff,patients have a doubtful attitude towards medical staff,and the defects in system guidance and management system make it more difficult to settle medical disputes.This article provides a new perspective for building a harmonious doctor-patient relationship and puts forward the hypothesis of "honest economic person",so as to achieve the dialectical unity of the dual identities of "moral person" and "economic person".Under the role of "honest economic person",adherence to honesty and trustworthiness,pursuit of maximum medical benefits,emphasis on the social benefits of medical treatment,and material and spiritual incentives for medical staff can help to alleviate the conflict of interests between doctors and patients and reduce medical disputes.

Conocimiento y valores: binomio esencial en la formación profesional / Knowledge and values: essential binomial in professional training

Introducción: La formación de valores es un proceso gradual, donde es necesario buscar e indagar cuáles valores y por qué vías se deben formar, desarrollar, afianzar y potenciar en diferentes momentos de la vida, según las necesidades que se van presentando en la formación de un profesional. Objetivo: Evaluar la posición que asumen los estudiantes ante diferentes situaciones que pueden ocurrir a lo largo de su formación académica y una vez que comiencen su vida laboral. Método: Se realizó una investigación exploratoria utilizando como técnica la encuesta que fue aplicada a 52 estudiantes del sexto año de la asignatura de Ginecología y Obstetricia de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Salvador Allende" en el curso académico 2013-2014. Resultados: En la situación relacionada con el compañerismo llama la atención que existan alumnos que no tienen interiorizado este valor y justifican actitudes erróneas relacionadas con esto. Es de señalar que la mayoría de los estudiantes consideran correcto el valor honestidad, pero es preocupante que algunos de los encuestados se identifican con actitudes deshonestas y no asumen una posición de rechazo y no aceptación ante el fraude. Conclusión: La mayoría de los estudiantes tienen valores y actitudes consecuentes con un buen profesional de la salud, pero no se puede dejar de tener en cuenta la identificación con determinados aspectos y conductas negativas que denoten falta de valores y principios éticos y su posible presencia en los futuros facultativos que pueden afectar la calidad de los servicios, la atención integral a la población, a los y las colegas y a la ética profesional y en este sentido debe continuar trabajándose(AU)

Introduction: The formation of values ​​is a gradual process, where it is necessary to search and investigate which values ​​and through which routes should be formed, developed, strengthened and strengthened at different times of life, according to the needs that are presented in the training of A professional. Objective: To evaluate the position that students assume in different situations that may occur throughout their academic training and once they begin their working life. Method: An exploratory investigation was carried out using as a technique the survey that was applied to 52 students of the sixth year of the subject of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the School of Medical Sciences "Salvador Allende" in the academic year 2013-2014. Results: In the situation related to companionship, it is striking that there are students who do not have this value internalized and justify erroneous attitudes related to this. It should be noted that most students consider honest value correct, but it is worrisome that some of the respondents identify with dishonest attitudes and do not assume a position of rejection and non-acceptance of fraud. Conclusion: Most students have values ​​and attitudes consistent with a good health professional, but we can not fail to take into account the identification with certain aspects and negative behaviors that denote lack of values ​​and ethical principles and their possible presence in the future facultative that can affect the quality of the services, the integral attention to the population, to the and the colleagues and to the professional ethics and in this sense it must continue working(AU)

The Traditional Chinese Concept of Honesty and the Revelation to Medical Professional Personality Cultivation / 中国医学伦理学

Through the interpretation of traditional Honesty, this article is to understand the semantics of credibility andintegrity in traditional ethical culture, to analyze the relationship between the concept of honesty and medical skills, deriving goodness and endowing novelty, further to reveal the revelation for medical professional personality cultivation. Meanwhile, it points out that we should try our best to overcome the shortcomings of tradi-tional concept of honesty,clarify the connotation of honesty and find out the evidence of honesty culture in tradition-al Chinese ethics. This is the tracing and deepening of the connotation of honesty, as well as the highlighting of honesty as the content of medical professional personality. It is further beneficial to strengthen the pathway con-struction of medical profes.

The investigation and analysis of medical postgraduates' ! honesty education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To understand the current situation of medical postgraduates'!honesty edu-cation, find the weak point and explore new ways of the honesty education. Methods The honesty educa-tion survey questionnaire was designed and conducted to the postgraduates of Grade 2014 in Peking University Health Science Center. The research contents included the basic information of postgraduates, honesty cognition, clean and self-discipline, honesty education, the recommendation of honesty education and the application of honesty education carrier. 1 038 questionnaires of a total of 1 142 questionnaires were recovered and the recovery rate was 90.9%. EPIData3.0 software was used for double entry and database establishment, and SPSS 19.0 software for statistical treatment. Results 82.3% (854) of the postgraduates recognized the work of clean government, but only 62.1% (644) of the postgraduates concerned about it. 78.3% (813) of the postgraduates expressed hatred for the dishonest behavior and hoped to eliminate it. 77.6%(806) postgraduates often paid attention to honest education content which was pushed by the new media. 16.5% (171) postgraduates thought that the new media was very important to the honest cognition. Conclusions We should pay more attention to medical postgraduates'!honesty education, find its weak points according to the investigation and make full use of the network and new media. And at the same time we should combine the actual environment to establish a hierarchy of honesty education system, and carry out honesty education through total environment which contains the school administrators, instructors/head teachers and tutors.

CONSTRUCTION OF A CLEAN AND HONEST ADMINISTRATION IN STOMATOLOGICAL HOSPITAL / 现代医院

Combined with the routine work of preventing and treating diseases, the construction of a clean and honest administration in stomatological hospital would be beneficial to raise the administrative staff's awareness of the constructive characteristics of a clean and honest administration in their work belief and methods to enhance the work initiative and effectiveness.

Evaluation of student’s perception and behavior towards plagiarism in Pakistani universities / Evaluación de la percepción y el comportamiento de estudiantes hacia el plagio en las universidades paquistaníes / Avaliação da percepção e do comportamento de estudantes para o plágio nas universidades paquistanesas

Background: The prevalence of academic delinquency in universities, predominantly in the form of plagiarism and cheating, is extensively conceded. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate student’s perception and behavior towards plagiarism in Pakistani universities. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 6 academic disciplines in 35 universities in Pakistan during 21.02.2011-21.04.2011. Expert interviewers and learned educationists carried out the interviews with the help of a structured questionnaire to evaluate student’s knowledge about plagiarism such as (i) student’s knowledge about HEC policy, (ii) student’s attitude towards plagiarism, (iii) student’s satisfaction towards plagiarism and cheating, and (iv) their views for penalties (What should be the penalties for 1st and 2nd occurrence of plagiarism?) and recorded the responses. Results: This survey was accomplished by 25742 students. The response rate for awareness about HEC policy about plagiarism showed that significantly (p<0.05) low percentage (94 percent of students was unaware of this policy. The attitudes of significantly (p<0.05) high percentage of students towards plagiarism behavior were unacceptable. Significantly (p<0.05) high response rate towards attitudes regarding punishment for plagiarism was warning and report to HOD for first and second occurrence of this cheating, respectively. Conclusions: An extensive lack was found in the understanding of students towards plagiarism across all the universities. It is necessary to achieve balance between factors affecting plagiarism such avoidance, finding and sentence in case of detection.

Antecedentes: La prevalencia de conductas éticas reprobables en las universidades, principalmente en la forma de plagio y engaño, es extensamente reconocida. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la percepción y el comportamiento de los estudiantes hacia el plagio en las universidades paquistaníes. Métodos: Este estudio transversal se llevó a cabo en seis disciplinas académicas en 35 universidades en Pakistán durante 21.02.2011-21.04.2011. Entrevistadores expertos y educadores eruditos llevaron a cabo las entrevistas con la ayuda de un cuestionario estructurado, para evaluar los conocimientos de los estudiantes sobre el plagio: en aspectos como (i) el conocimiento de los estudiantes acerca de la política HEC, (ii) la actitud del estudiante: hacia el plagio, (iii) la satisfacción del estudiante: hacia el plagio y el engaño , y (iv) Sus puntos de vista en materia de sanciones (Qué sanciones debería otorgarse para la primera y segunda ocurrencia de plagio?) se grabaron las respuestas. Resultados: Esta encuesta fue realizado por 25.742 estudiantes. La tasa de respuesta para la conciencia acerca de las políticas HEC sobre el plagio mostraron significativamente (p <0,05) bajo porcentaje (94 por ciento). Los estudiantes no estaban al tanto de esta política. La actitud de rechazo al comportamiento de plagio muestra significativamente (p <0,05) un alto porcentaje. Los estudiantes consideraron que el plagio eran una conducta inaceptable. Significativamente (p <0,05) de alto índice fue la respuesta respecto a qué castigo se debería otorgar por plagio, la respuesta fue: advertencia e informar a HOD para la primera y segunda aparición de este engaño, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Se encontró una extensa falta de comprensión de los estudiantes hacia el plagio en todas las universidades. Es necesario para alcanzar el equilibrio entre los factores que influencian el plagio, lograr detectar la evasión, buscando y sentenciando los casos encontrados.

Antecedentes: A prevalência de condutas éticas reprováveis nas universidades, principalmente sob a forma de plágio e mentira, é extensamente reconhecida. Objetivos: Avaliar a percepção e o comportamento dos estudantes para o plágio nas universidades paquistanesas. Métodos: Este estudo transversal foi levado a cabo em seis disciplinas acadêmicas em 35 universidades no Paquistão de 21-02-2011 até 21-04-2011. Entrevistadores especialistas e educadores eruditos realizaram as entrevistas com a ajuda de um questionário estruturado, para avaliar os conhecimentos dos estudantes sobre o plágio: em aspectos como (i) o conhecimento dos estudantes acerca da política HEC, (ii) a atitude do estudante com relação ao plágio, (iii) a satisfação do estudante para com o plágio e a mentira, e (iv) seus pontos de vista em matéria de sanções (que sanções deveriam ser aplicadas para a primeira e segunda ocorrência de plágio?). Foram gravadas as respostas. Resultados: Esta enquete foi respondida por 25.742 estudantes. A taxa de resposta para a consciência acerca das políticas HEC sobre o plágio mostraram significativa (p<0,05) baixa porcentagem (94 por cento). Os estudantes não estavam a par desta política. A atitude de recusa ao comportamento do plágio mostra significativamente (p<0,05) uma alta porcentagem. Os estudantes consideraram que o plágio era uma conduta inaceitável. Significativamente (p<0,05) de alto índice foi a resposta a respeito do castigo que deveria ser dado ao plágio; a resposta foi: advertência e informar a HOD para o primeiro e segundo aparecimento deste engano, respectivamente. Conclusões: Foi encontrada uma extensa falta de compreensão dos estudantes em relação ao plágio em todas as universidades. É necessário, para alcançar o equilibrio entre os fatores que influenciam o plágio lograr detectar a evasão, buscando e sentenciando os casos encontrados.

Effective measures to strengthen the honesty and credit education for postgraduates in scientif-ic research platform / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Molecular medicine and cancer research center in Chongqing Medical University adhered to academic honesty and credit education ,established original laboratory records system , regularly carried out seminar and improved paper submission program thus to reject academic miscon-ducts from the source,guarantee the authenticity of the data and improve the academic moral level of postgraduates.

La deseabilidad social revalorada: más que una distorsión, una necesidad de aprobación social / Social Desirability Reconsidered: More than Distortion, the Need for Social Approval

La deseabilidad social se ha conceptuado a través de los años principalmente como una tendencia a contestar un cuestionario de personalidad dando una imagen demasiado favorable de uno mismo. El estudio tuvo como objetivo evidenciar que la Deseabilidad Social es una medida sustantiva de personalidad que refleja una necesidad de aprobación social (NAS), más que un sesgo en las respuestas individuales. Para la realización del estudio colaboraron 1,235 participantes provenientes del D.F. Michoacán y Coahuila, de los cuales el 56% eran mujeres, con una media de edad de 28 años, de la población general. Se aplicaron 12 escalas psicológicas que con base en la literatura sugerían convergencia y divergencia tanto teórica como empírica respecto a las dos dimensiones identificadas como NAS-Positiva y NAS-Negativa, incluidas la exageración, honestidad, auto-estima y auto-monitoreo. Se identificó la red nomológica entre las variables de interés y las variables criterio. Tanto la NAS-Positiva y NAS-Negativa resultaron estar diferenciadas principalmente de la exageración y del automonitoreo. Finalmente se identificaron algunas variables asociadas a la NAS haciendo coincidente algunos hallazgos previos tales como que la agradabilidad, la regulación emocional, la orientación religiosa y el autocontrol son buenos predictores de ambos tipos de NAS.

Social desirability has been conceptualized through many years as a tendency to present oneself in a very fashionable picture. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate that social desirability is a substantive measure of a personality trait that reflects a need for social approval (NSA), rather than an individual response bias. A total sample of 1,235 participants of general population from the Federal District, Michoacan and Coahuila States was recruited, 56% were women, with a mean age of 28 years. Twelve scales were chosen from the extensive scientific literature of social desirability to prove convergence and divergence association to the current topic of need for social approval. Over-claiming, honesty, self-esteem, an self- monitoring scales were associated with the two dimension of Positive and Negative- NSA. The nomological network was identified between the variables of interest and the criterion variables. Both, positive and negative dimension of NSA clearly differentiate from Over-claiming and self-monitoring. Finally, agreeableness, emotional regulation, religious orientation and self-control are good predictors of both types of NSA.

Autoria, direitos autorais e produção científica: aspectos éticos e legais / Authorship, copyright and scientific production: ethical and legal issues

A autoria de trabalhos científicos é um dos grandes temas atuais de discussão ética e legal. Os desafios podem ser caracterizados pela discussão dos critérios de autoria, da ordem de publicação, da honestidade científica, das obras coletivas, entre outros. Muitas situações têm demonstrado o quão importante é ter estes critérios éticos e legais claros e compartilhados entre os membros de uma equipe de pesquisa e para a própria sociedade.

The authorship of scientific works is one of greatest ethical and legal issues nowadays. The challenges may be characterized by the discussion of the authorship criteria, the publication order, the scientific honesty, the cooperative authorship, among others. Many situations have demonstrated the importance of clear and shared ethical and legal criteria between the members of a research team and for the society, as well.

Construction and Application of Honesty Evaluation System of Medical Students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

According to request of the socialism outlook for honor and shame to university students,this article elaborated the principles,connotation and implementation of honesty evaluation system so as to make a beneficial exploration for the honesty education of university students.

An Important Subject in Moral Education of Contemporary University Students——The value of splendid traditional culture of honesty and credit education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The great,intensive,splendid Chinese traditional culture with long history is the precious resources of moral education and acts as the vivid teaching material of honesty and credit education.To unearth the value of honesty and credit education from splendid traditional culture is an important subject in moral education of contemporary university students.

Psychological Research on the Construction of Teachers' Ethics Under the Market Economy Condition / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Under the market economy condition,Teachers' honesty and strict teaching play an important role in modeling the students' quality.It is the psychological direction device,the watch-dog and the tester.So,every teacher must be honest and strict with teaching to promote their level of ethics.

Study on School Factors and Countermeasures of Honesty and Credit Shortage in Students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

By analyzing school factor of honesty and credit shortage in students,we put forward concrete measures to enhance honesty and credit education in students from aspects of education,management and university surroundings construction.It is expected to offer better help to honesty and credit education in colleges and universities.

Analysis on the Significance and Urgency of Honesty Construction in the Medicine Industry / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the urgency of honesty construction in medicine industry.METHODS:The gain and loss of honesty in medicine industry were analyzed,the significance and urgency of honesty construction in medicine industry were discussed,and meanwhile some specific advices would be put forward.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The sustained de-velopment of the medicine industry must depend on the honesty of the medicine industry.It's urgent to construct all-round honesty in the medicine industry now.

The five spirits should be advocated in scientific research / 中国实用内科杂志

Academician Zhong Nanshan advocates to broad scientific and technical workers nationwide five spirits which should be upheld in scientific research:first,scientific and technical workers should love their homeland;second,they should respect and promote science;third,they should advocate innovation;fourth,they should respect and stick to honesty;and fifth,they should advocate the spirit of cooperation.

Target and Orientation of Students′ Self-Cultivation Education for Honesty in Medical Vocational College / 中国医学伦理学

In the new era,the students′ self-cultivation education for honesty in medical vocational college must be based on the current condition of specific college,the foundation of students′ moral accomplishment,and the accurate orientation of future career,in order to cultivate qualified socialist medical talents with noble morality,sense of upright practice,and the commitment to medical career.The students′ self-cultivation education for honesty in medical vocational college should be aimed to establish a decent ideal to commit to medical career,guarantee medical students′ healthy development,and improve medical morality and ethics standard.Orientation of students′ self-cultivation education should be made to build a decent vocational value,abide by vocational behavioral institutions,and form favorable conception and behaviors,in order to lay a solid foundation for students′ self-cultivation education in medical vocational college and achieve the desired target.

Remark on the Honesty-Trust Service in the Medical Organization / 中国医学伦理学

Honesty and trust are the traditional virtues of Chinese.However,they face severe challenges in social life.To our anxieties,dishonesty is not a rare phenomenon in the medicla organization.This article also cares for the problem,and tries to reveal the aftermath of dishonesty.At last,it points out that we should make a series of polices to solve the dishonesty problem and strengthen the honesty-trust service in the medical organization.That is to say,morality as support,ownership as base,law as guarantee.

The Development of Medical Modes and the Changing of Patient-Doctor Relationship / 中国医学伦理学

The patient doctor relationship,as the essential part of medical relationship, is inevitably influenced by the medical views and develops with the evolvement of medical modes. Understanding the inner logical relationships between the medical mode and the patient-doctor relationship can facilitate the further research on the patient-doctor relationship. Currently, we should choose the mode of the patient-doctor relationship on the basis of respecting patient, emphasizing the obligation, motivating the activity of patients, and constructing an honesty-trust relationship between patient and doctor, which will make it easy to understand the ethical request of the constructing of patient-doctor relationship and make the definition of the patient doctor relationship clearer.