ABSTRACT
Background:Endocrine diseases are characterized by hormonal alterations (excess or defect). Due to the low prevalence (less than five case 5 / 10 000 inhabitants), a large number of them, qualify to be classified as rare diseases such as those of organs like: hypophysis, adrenal glands, gonads as well as some congenital thyroid diseases. Others like Diabetes are considering almost epidemic.Objective:To define the types of diseases observed in the only Endocrinology Clinic in Guyana. Methods:The diagnoses of all patients who attended the endocrinology clinic of the Georgetown Public Hospital Corporation from June 1, 2016 to May 31, 2017, were analyzed.Results:During the one year of this study, approximately 639 patients attended the endocrinology clinic. Of this, 178 patients had thyroid-related diseases with 80 of these having thyrotoxicosis, 49 having hypothyroidism followed by 110 patients with diabetes mellitus. Pituitary tumors were also diagnosed with 2 of acromegaly and 6 of prolactinomas. Cases of hypoadrenalism (n = 5), hypogonadism (n = 4), and pheochromocytoma (n = 6) were not rare; gonadal disease were also found in 17 patients. Thyroid disease wasthe most frequent diagnosis followed by diabetes mellitus. New emerging endocrine disorders such as hyperlipidemia (n = 1) were rare. Some persons attending the clinic were also noted to be overweight /obese however this was not the primary reason for joining the clinic. Traditional diseases such as Sheehan Syndrome have become rare due to improvements in Obstetric care.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito das diferentes fases do ciclo menstrual (CM) no desempenho da força muscular em exercícios resistidos. Participaram do estudo nove mulheres saudáveis, fisicamente ativas, com idade de 27 ± 7 anos, massa corporal 58,2 ± 5kg, estatura 161,1 ± 4,7cm e IMC 20,4 ± 2kg/m². Todas apresentavam CM's regulares (28-31 dias), faziam uso de contraceptivos orais e eram experientes em exercícios resistidos a pelo menos oito meses. Para avaliação da força muscular foi utilizado o teste de 10RM na seguinte ordem: leg press 45º, supino horizontal, cadeira extensora e rosca bíceps. Os testes foram realizados nas três fases do CM: folicular (entre o terceiro e o quinto dia do fluxo menstrual), ovulatória (entre o nono e o 10º dia) e lútea (entre o 17º e o 21º dia). Para a análise estatística foi utilizada a ANOVA de medidas repetidas, os dados analisados no software SPSS 15.0 e o nível de significância mantido em 5 por cento (p < 0,05). Não foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas cargas mobilizadas entre os diferentes períodos do CM em nenhum dos quatro exercícios avaliados. No exercício leg press foi verificado um incremento de 5 por cento na força muscular na fase lútea. Nas demais fases e exercícios essas diferenças não foram observadas. Podese concluir que as fases do CM não influenciam o desempenho da força muscular nos exercícios resistidos, sejam eles uni ou multiarticulares, para grandes ou pequenos grupamentos musculares ou em diferentes segmentos corporais.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the different phases of the menstrual cycle (MC) on muscular strength performance in resistance exercises. Nine healthy and physically active women, aged 27±7 yrs, body mass 58.2±5 kg, height 161.1±4.7 cm and BMI 20.4±2 kg/m2 participated in the study. All of them had regular MCs (28-31 days), used oral contraceptives and had been experienced in resistance exercises for at least eight months. Muscle strength was evaluated with a 10RM test in the following order: leg press 45º, bench press, leg extension and biceps curl. The tests were performed in the three phases of the MC: follicular (between the 3rd and 5th day of menses), ovulatory (between 9th and 10th days) and luteal (between 17th and 21th days). ANOVA for repeated measures was applied for statistical analysis, data were analyzed in the SPSS 15.0 and level of significance was set at 5 percent (p<0.05). No significant statistical differences were observed in the mobilized weight between the MC periods in those four exercises. Regarding the leg press exercise, a 5 percent increment in muscle strength was observed on the luteal phase. In the remaining exercises and phases these differences were not observed. In conclusion, the phases of the MC did not affect performance of muscular strength in resistance exercise, both single or multiple joint, for large or small muscle groups or in different body segments.