Avaliação Qualitativa de Cardápios Hospitalares / Qualitative Evaluation of Hospital Menus

Modelo: Estudo caracteriza-se como transversal, qualitativo. Objetivo: Avaliar qualitativamente as preparações de cardápios oferecidos em hospitais no município de Uberaba - MG. Metodologia: A análise foi realizada pelo método "Avaliação Qualitativa de Preparações do Cardápio" dos almoços oferecidos em cinco Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição hospitalares públicas ou particulares durante três semanas alternadas entre os meses de fevereiro a junho de 2018. Avaliou-se as ofertas de frutas, folhosos, repetições de cores, presença de alimentos sulfurados, doces, frituras, carnes gordurosas e frituras + doces na mesma refeição. Resultados: Os itens foram classificados como "ótimo" a baixa oferta de frituras (6,7%), carnes gordurosas (8,0%) e nenhuma oferta de doce + frituras no mesmo dia (0%), "bom" para oferta de folhosos (75%) e doces (22,7%), "regular" para repetição de cores (42.7%), "ruim" quanto aos alimentos sulfurados (56%) e "péssimos" quanto a oferta de frutas (9,3%). Conclusão: Os cardápios possuíam aspectos positivos como ausência de doce + fritura, baixa utilização de frituras e carnes gordurosas, boa oferta de folhosos e doces; os aspectos preocupantes relacionaram-se com a repetição de cores e negativos com a presença de alimentos sulfurados e ausência de frutas. (AU)

Study design: Cross-sectional, qualitative study. Objectives: To qualitatively evaluate the menu preparations offered at hospitals from the city of Uberaba - MG Methods: The analysis was conducted using the method "Qualitative evaluation of menu preparations" to evaluate lunch menus offered at 5 Food and Nutrition Units from public or private Hospitals for 3 weeks alternated between February and June 2018. The offer of fruits, leafy vegetables, sweets, fried food, fatty meats and fried food + sweets in the same meal were evaluated, as well as the color repetitions and the presence of sulphurated food. Results: Items rated as "Excellent" showed low offer of fried food (6.7%), fatty meats (8.0%) and no offer of sweet + fried food on the same day (0%); "Good" showed the offer of leafy vegetables (75%) and sweets (22.7%); "Regular" indicated color repetition (42.7%); "Bad" indicated sulphurated food (56%) and "Very bad" stood for fruit offer (9.3%). Conclusion: The menus had positive aspects such as the absence of sweet + fried food, low presence of fried food and fatty meats, good offer of leafy vegetables and sweets. The worrying aspects were associated with color repetition and the negative aspects were related to the presence of sulphurated food and absence of fruits. (AU)

A saúde em troca da excelência: o sofrimento de atendentes de nutrição de um hospital público acometidos por LER/Dort / Health rather than excellence: the suffering of nutrition attendants of a Public Hospital affected by RSI/WRMSD

Resumo Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa cujo objetivo foi compreender as relações entre os aspectos da organização do trabalho e a saúde de atendentes de nutrição acometidos por LER/Dort. Durante o processo houve levantamento de estatísticas de absenteísmo relacionado a LER/Dort em um hospital público em Porto Alegre/RS, no período de 1 de junho de 2015 a 30 de junho de 2016, e seleção da Seção de Distribuição de Alimentos e de seus atendentes de nutrição para aprofundamentos. Foram utilizados um questionário estruturado com dados sociodemográficos e de trabalho e o instrumento Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), para pesquisar a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC), e realizadas entrevistas coletivas com os atendentes acometidos por LER/Dort, utilizando o referencial teórico da psicodinâmica do trabalho. Os resultados obtidos apontaram para modos de organização do trabalho e gestão com cobranças excessivas, assédio moral e falta de reconhecimento no trabalho, que geram sofrimento e influenciam nos processos de adoecimento. Sugere-se um espaço de escuta e discussões com reuniões que envolvam os trabalhadores, técnicos de nutrição e a coordenação que possam caracterizar uma ação permanente.

Abstract This article presents the results of a research that aimed to understand the relationship between aspects of the work organization and the health of nutrition workers affected by RSI/WRMSD. Throughout the process, absenteeism statistics related to RSI/WRMSD were obtained from a Public Hospital in Porto Alegre/ RS, from 06/01/2015 to 06/30/2016, and a section of such hospital was selected for further study. We selected the Food Distribution Section and its nutrition attendants for the research. A structured questionnaire with sociodemographic and professional data and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) were used to investigate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD), and collective interviews were conducted with attendants affected by RSI/WRMSD, using the theoretical reference of the Work Psychodynamics. Results obtained pointed to ways of organizing and managing work which included excessive pressure, moral harassment, and lack of recognition, generating suffering and influencing the processes of illness. A space for listening and discussing work issues is suggested, with meetings involving all workers, nutrition technicians, and the coordination, which may characterize a permanent action.

Alimentação hospitalar: proposições para a qualificação do Serviço de Alimentação e Nutrição, avaliadas pela comunidade científica / Hospital food: proposals for qualification of the Food and Nutrition Service, evaluated by the scientific community

OBJETIVO: validar proposições para qualificar a alimentação hospitalar pela comunidade científica brasileira. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: aplicou-se um questionário eletrônico a profissionais da área de nutrição clínica, cadastrados na Plataforma Lattes, base de dados brasileira de currículos de pesquisadores e instituições, das áreas de Ciência e Tecnologia. O questionário era acompanhado por uma escala Likert, com espaços para argumentações. Os temas abrangiam a participação do paciente, a qualidade nutricional e sensorial das dietas hospitalares e o planejamento e metas do Serviço de Alimentação e Nutrição Hospitalar (SANH). Também foram solicitadas as cinco prioridades para um SANH. Foi considerada aprovada a proposição com concordância total ou parcial maior ou igual a 70 por cento. RESULTADOS: todas as proposições obtiveram concordância total igual ou maior que 70 por cento. Houve adesão mínima de 70 por cento na proposição que considera que a intervenção nutricional deve ser realizada em comum acordo com o paciente, e máxima de 93 por cento sobre a necessidade de controles estatísticos de dietas prescritas pelo SANH. As prioridades mais citadas referem-se à infraestrutura e à capacitação de recursos humanos (40 por cento), a qualidade da alimentação hospitalar (27 por cento) e ao estado nutricional do paciente.

The scope of this paper is to validate proposals used to qualify hospital food by the Brazilian scientific community. An electronic questionnaire was applied to clinical nutrition professionals registered on the Lattes Platform (Brazilian database of institutions and researchers' curricula in the areas of Science and Technology). The questionnaire incorporated a Likert scale and had spaces for comments. The themes dealt with patient participation, the nutritional and sensory quality of hospital diets, and planning and goals of the Hospital Food and Nutrition Service (HFNS). The questionnaire also asked for the top five priorities for a HFNS. Proposals with total or partial adherence equal to or greater than 70 percent were considered to be approved. All proposals had total adherence equal to or greater than 70 percent. The proposal that had minimal adherence (70 percent) was the one that proposed that nutritional intervention must be arranged by mutual agreement with the patient. The proposal that had maximal adherence (93 percent) was the one advocating that there must be statistical control on diets prescribed by the HFNS. The most cited priorities referred to infrastructure and training of human resources (40 percent), the quality of hospital food (27 percent) and the nutritional status of the patient.

Prevalência de sintomas osteomusculares entre trabalhadores de um Serviço de Nutrição Hospitalar em São Paulo, SP / Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among hospital food service workers in São Paulo, Brazil

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência de sintomas osteomusculares entre trabalhadores de um serviço de nutrição de um hospital público. Método: estudo epidemiológico transversal com aplicação de questionários para 115 trabalhadores (representando 89% do quadro de pessoal) do serviço de nutrição de um hospital de cardiologia, em São Paulo, em 2007. O instrumento utilizado foi baseado no Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares de Kuorinka et al. (1987) para identificação de dor ou desconforto relacionados ao trabalho, localização e tipo de queixa, além de caracterizar a frequência, a intensidade e a duração dos sintomas. Resultados: a média da idade dos trabalhadores foi de 37 ± 9,8 anos,81% eram do sexo feminino, 58% possuíam Ensino Médio e o tempo médio de trabalho foi de 9,3 ± 7,5 anos em jornada de trabalho de 40 horas semanais. Do total de participantes, 89% referiram dor ou desconforto relacionados ao trabalho no último ano em membros inferiores (65%), ombros (55%), região lombar (39%), região cervical (37%), mãos/punhos/dedos (29%), coluna (28%), antebraço (28%) e cotovelos (10%). O movimento de andar e transportar carga foi a causa mais citada para os sintomas (31%). Conclusão: entre os trabalhadores do serviço, aprevalência de sintomas osteomusculares foi alta, principalmente nos membros inferiores e nos ombros. Recomendam-se novas pesquisas que incluam a avaliação do ambiente e das atividades desenvolvidas pelos trabalhadores.

Objective: To identify musculoskeletal symptoms among workers from a food service of a public cardiologic hospital located in São Paulo, Brazil. Method:A cross sectional study was carried out in 2007, by applying questionnaires to 115 workers (89% of total staff). The instrument was based on the Nordic Questionnaire on Musculoskeletal Symptoms by Kuorinka et al. (1987), for identification of any kind of pain or discomfort related to work, its location, type of complaint, and frequency, intensity, and duration of symptoms. Results: The workers? average age was 37 ± 9.8 years, 81% were women, and 58% had highschool level. They had been working in the hospital for 9.3 ± 7.5 years, on a 40-hour week schedule. Most (89%) of the subjects reported pain or discomfortrelated to work during the last 12 months, mainly in lower limbs (65%). Other parts of the body mentioned by the workers were: shoulders (55%), lumbar region (39%), cervical region (37%), wrist/hands/fingers (29%), spine (28%), forearm (28%), and elbows (10%). The movements made while walking or carrying loads were the most reported cause of symptoms (31%). Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among workers from the hospital food service, mainly in lower limbs and shoulders. It is recommended that futurestudies include assessment of environment and worker?s activities.

Variation in the energy and macronutrient contents of texture modified hospital diets / Variación en la energía y contenido de macronutrientes de dietas hospitalarias con textura modfiicada

Objective: To compare the nutritional content of the main meals of a normal hospital diet with those of texture modified diets (soft, puréed and liquid). Methodoloogy: The ash, moisture, macronutrient and energy contents of the foods comprising the main meal of the hospital diets were determined. The values were calculated per capita for each food item comprising the diets and then added up in order to estimate the total amount of energy and macronutrients supplied by main meal. Results: Compared with the normal diet, the puréed and liquid diets presented higher moisture content as well as reduced content of energy (31.4% and 39.9%, respectively), protein (45.4% and 79.8% ,respectively) and lipid (41% and 76%, respectively). Conclusion: Texture modified diets exhibit lower energy and macronutrient content, the main changes being detected for the liquid diet, which might imply an insufficient micronutrient supply.

Objetivo: Comparar la composición nutricional de las comidas principales en la dieta hospitalaria en general con los de las dietas modificadas para la consistencia (blanda, puré y líquida). Metodología: Se determinó el contenido de cenizas, humedad, nutrientes y energía de los alimentos de la comida principal de las dietas hospitalarias recogidas. Los valores fueron convertidos a cantidades per cápita establecidas para cada alimento de cada dieta y sumados con el fin de estimar el total ofrecido por la comida principal. Resultados: Las dietas líquida y puré tuvieron más humedad, reducción de 41 a 76.0% del contenido de grasas, reducción de 45.4 a 79.8% del contenido proteico y de 31.9 a 39.9% de la energía total. Conclusión: Las dietas de consistencia modificada presentaron una reducción en el contenido de energía y macronutrientes, encontrándose los principales cambios en la dieta líquida, lo que culminó en una probable disminución de la ingesta de micronutrientes.

Avaliação da qualidade de unidades de alimentação e nutrição (UAN) hospitalares: construção de um instrumento / Quality evaluation unit of food and nutrition (UAN) hospital: construction of an instrument

Com a finalidade de assegurar a qualidade da alimentação servida em uma Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN) hospitalar, vários cuidados precisam ser adotados em razão do seu complexo funcionamento. Uma forma de monitorar essa qualidade seria a avaliação feita pelos serviços de Vigilância Sanitária; entretanto, não se dispõe de legislação específica nem de instrumento capaz de proporcionar a máxima precisão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi construir e validar o conteúdo de um instrumento, denominado Instrumento de Avaliação de Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (IAUAN) para avaliar a qualidade dessas unidades hospitalares no aspecto das condições higiênico-sanitárias. Este foi construído mediante estudo metodológico e com base nas dimensões de estrutura, dos processos e dos resultados, fundamentados na legislação geral sobre alimentos, na literatura científica, em instrumentos já utilizados por alguns serviços de Vigilância Sanitária e na experiência prática do autor. Para a validação do conteúdo do instrumento empregou-se o método Delphi, de consenso, adaptado. Participaram desse processo dez especialistas das áreas de Segurança Alimentar, Vigilância Sanitária ou Nutrição em Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição Hospitalar...

To assure the quality of the food or meals served by a hospital food service some cares need to be taken especially considering its complexity. It is a unit production that involves not only different sorts of materials and human resources as well as equipment and routines. Therefore, such unit ought to have mechanisms to guarantee the quality of the food supplied. A way to monitor such quality would be the assessment conducted by services of sanitary monitoring. Nevertheless , there is neither a specific legislation nor a specific instrument able to evaluate the quality of this service with maximumprecision. The purpose of this study was to construct and to validate an instrument to evaluate the quality of the hospital food service concerning the hygienical sanitary conditions. The instrument was constructed based on the dimensions of structure, processes and results, on the general legislation on foods, on scientific literature, on instruments which have already been used by some services of Sanitary Monitoring and on the experience of the author. For the validation of the content of the instrument an adapted version of the Delphi method, of consensus, was used. Ten experts from the areas of Alimentary Security, Sanitary Monitoring or Nutrition in food service and Hospital Nutrition agreed to participate. They were requested to give their opinion regarding the instrument as a whole, so as to the way the questions were presented and their comprehension. Moreover, they could suggest the modification or the exclusion as well as the inclusion of new questions. The specialists had to analyze the described parameters mentioned above and also they were supposed to classify each question in Recommendable (R), Necessary (N) Essential (I) and Informative(INF)...

The Improvement of Hospital Food Service in Quality and Customer Satisfaction by Using 6-sigma Strategy

This study was performed to improve the hospital food service in quality and customer satisfaction by using 6-sigma strategy which was processed by DMAIC methods. The research procedure was as follows; analyzing the main causes of customer dissatisfaction of food service by using numerical method, and then finding out the standardized problem solving methods, and finally reforming food service process. The effectiveness of 6-sigma activity was measured by 'food service quality index', 'customer satisfaction index' and 'total food service satisfaction index'. Food service quality index was calculated by adding grade of soup temperature, food service, delivery time, and setting accuracy. Statistical data analyses were completed by using the Minitab Ver. 14. By performing 6 sigma activity, food service quality index was increased from 67 to 79 points (p<0.05) and customer satisfaction index also rise from 73 to 79points (p<0.05). Satisfaction of meals' taste, diverse menu, food setting accuracy, remove of food service, overall food service were significantly improved(p<0.05). The results of capability analysis in food service quality index, customer satisfaction index, and total food service satisfaction index were improved 2.11sigma to 2.49sigma , 1.88sigma to 2.43sigma, and 2.04sigma to 2.47sigma respectively (p<0.05). Therefore this study showed that subjective food service improving process could be measured by objective numerical value which might be used for financial value in hospital management.

Absenteísmo entre trabalhadores de serviços de nutrição e dietética de dois hospitais em São Paulo / Absenteeism among dieticians and nutrition in two hospitals in São Paulo

Estudo retrospectivo, com participação de 285 servidores de Serviços de Nutrição e Dietética de uma instituição de excelência pública e uma privada. Para a quantificação das ausências foram utilizadas informações coletadas nas escalas mensais dos trabalhadores referentes ao período de janeiro a dezembro de 2001, formulações baseadas nas recomendações da Subcomissão de Absenteísmo da Comissão Permanente e Associação Internacional de Medicina do Trabalho e análises fornecidas pelos Serviços de Medicina do Trabalho. Foi aplicado um questionário de auto-avaliação das condições de trabalho e de opinião dos servidores sobre a questão do absenteísmo. O absenteísmo de trabalhadores nos Serviços de Nutrição e Dietética se assemelhou entre os hospitais público e privado tanto quanto às outras organizações não hospitalares, o que direciona em agravante por se tratar de instituições de saúde onde o figurante central é o doente, mas que os próprios trabalhadores requerem uma atenção na melhoria da qualidade de vida no trabalho.

Retrospective study consisted of 285 workers of a public and a private hospital. In order to obtain data on absences information was collected on workers monthly scales regarding the period from January to December 2001, and statements were based on the recommendations of the Absenteeism Sub-Committee of the Permanent Health and analyses were given by the Services of Occupational Health. A self-administered questionnaire about conditions of work and workers opinion abouth the issue was used. The absenteeism of Dieticians and Nutrition workers did not differ as between the public and the private hospital as from that of workers in other sectors. Thus the question is of great importance because, although the patient is the person most affected, the employee also calls for attention regarding an improvement of his working conditions.

A Study on the Status of contract managed hospital food services

The purposes of this study were to investigate the current status of contracted hospital food services and to find out the difference in accordance with the number of beds in hospitals. Thirty six hospitals having more than 100beds in Seoul, Inchon and Kyungkido were the subjects of this study. Data was collected through surveys. The survey was conducted during March and April in 2002. The Questionnaires were mailed to the 36 directors of dietetic departments of the hospitals and 36 managers of contracting patient food services. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS Win(11.0) for descriptive analysis and t-test. The results of the study are summerized as follows; I. Hospital perspective : The range covered by contract food service was 63.3% and 36.7% in hospital food services, and medical nutrition services. The patient and employee food services were in 83.3%, and patient food services were in 6.7%. The methods selecting contractors are general, limited, selected and competitive biddings, and private contracts. The responsibility for supervision of contract food services was the dietetic department (51.7%) in most cases. Hospitals having personnel responsible for contracting affairs were in 75.9% of the cases and 24.1% did not have personnel. The biggest reason for contracting was facilitation of personnel management. The most important criteria on selecting food services contractors was the professionality of the contractor. II. Contractor's perspective : The cost per meal in the year 2001 was composed of 1,905 won for food cost, 1,081 won for labor cost, 222 won for expenses, 114 won for VAT, 14 won for rent and 146 won for miscellaneous or controllable expense, representing 109 won loss per meal. The profit-and-loss contract cost is higher than the fee-contract cost. The ratios of food cost, labor cost and expenses are higher and the ratios of miscellaneous or controllable expense, VAT, rent and profit are lower in hospitals with more than 400 beds compared with those less than 400 beds. However, no significant differences are present between these two groups of hospitals. The actual contract period was 2.2 years upon initial contract and 1.2 years upon renewal. The initial investment cost was 53 million won and the cost of renovation and repair was 8.5 million won. Significant differences were present between two groups of hospitals. The conditions of employment and number of personnel hired by contractors for contract patient food services were significantly different according to the number of beds.

A Study on the Status of contract managed hospital food services

The purposes of this study were to investigate the current status of contracted hospital food services and to find out the difference in accordance with the number of beds in hospitals. Thirty six hospitals having more than 100beds in Seoul, Inchon and Kyungkido were the subjects of this study. Data was collected through surveys. The survey was conducted during March and April in 2002. The Questionnaires were mailed to the 36 directors of dietetic departments of the hospitals and 36 managers of contracting patient food services. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS Win(11.0) for descriptive analysis and t-test. The results of the study are summerized as follows; I. Hospital perspective : The range covered by contract food service was 63.3% and 36.7% in hospital food services, and medical nutrition services. The patient and employee food services were in 83.3%, and patient food services were in 6.7%. The methods selecting contractors are general, limited, selected and competitive biddings, and private contracts. The responsibility for supervision of contract food services was the dietetic department (51.7%) in most cases. Hospitals having personnel responsible for contracting affairs were in 75.9% of the cases and 24.1% did not have personnel. The biggest reason for contracting was facilitation of personnel management. The most important criteria on selecting food services contractors was the professionality of the contractor. II. Contractor's perspective : The cost per meal in the year 2001 was composed of 1,905 won for food cost, 1,081 won for labor cost, 222 won for expenses, 114 won for VAT, 14 won for rent and 146 won for miscellaneous or controllable expense, representing 109 won loss per meal. The profit-and-loss contract cost is higher than the fee-contract cost. The ratios of food cost, labor cost and expenses are higher and the ratios of miscellaneous or controllable expense, VAT, rent and profit are lower in hospitals with more than 400 beds compared with those less than 400 beds. However, no significant differences are present between these two groups of hospitals. The actual contract period was 2.2 years upon initial contract and 1.2 years upon renewal. The initial investment cost was 53 million won and the cost of renovation and repair was 8.5 million won. Significant differences were present between two groups of hospitals. The conditions of employment and number of personnel hired by contractors for contract patient food services were significantly different according to the number of beds.