Research Status of Job Stress of Hospital Pharmacists and Its Measurement Methods / 中国药房

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE：To analyze the job stress of hospital pharmacists and its measurement methods，and to provide reference for improving the quality of related researches about the work stress of hospital pharmacists. METHODS：Related literatures about the job stress of hospital pharmacists were retrieved from CJFD，VIP，Wanfang database，Web of Science， SciFinder，Springer Link and other databases during database establishment to Aug. 2019，using“Hospital”“Pharmacist”“Stress” “Scale”as Chinese keywords，“Hospital”“Pharmacist”“Stress”“Pressure”“Scale”as English keywords. The research status was explored，and the measurement methods for work stress of hospital pharmacists were summarized. RESULTS：There were many researches on the job stress of pharmacists at abroad，including the stress status，causes，the results of stress，the model of action mechanism，etc.，but there were some problems such as long time ago and outdated data；while the related researches in China were relatively rare，and there was still a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on the job stress of hospital pharmacists. Most researches at home and abroad used the scale to measure job stress of hospital pharmacists，including the special scale for hospital pharmacists（such as the pressure source scale and the pressure list of hospital pharmacists）and the general scale for general employees（such as health occupational stress survey，work stress items and perceived psychological stress scale）. Among them，pressure source scale of hospital pharmacists was relatively consistent with the job characteristics of hospital pharmacists in China，while the other scales had problems of less coverage，too many items，and not conforming to job characteristics of hospital pharmacists in China. CONCLUSIONS：In order to improve the research quality related to job stress of hospital pharmacists，it is necessary to adjust the existing scale or develop a new measurement scale in order to measure the real work pressure of Chinese hospital pharmacists and provide reference for improving the quality of work of hospital pharmacists and improving the level of clinical pharmaceutical care

Study on the Status Quo of Teachers'Teaching Ability of Standardized Training for Hospital Pharmacists in Beijing Area / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the status quo of teachers'teaching ability of standardized training for hospital pharma-cists in Beijing area,and provide reference for strengthening the faculty construction. METHODS:A dynamic assessment of stan-dardized training base for hospital pharmacists of 17 inpatients in Beijing area was conducted to organize evaluation experts to as-sess the teaching ability of outpatient pharmacy,ward pharmacy and clinical pharmacy in training base. Questionnaire was designed and trainees were organized to evaluate the teaching ability,time,attitude,feedback and others and related results of teaching in bases were vegarded as objects for analysis and summary. RESULTS:The overall ability of teaching was high,and the most promi-nent was clinical pharmacy,which was well received by trainees. But there are differences among departments,the ability of ward pharmacy is slightly lower than the clinical pharmacy and outpatient pharmacy. And the teaching ability still had great improvement. CONCLUSIONS:In order to improve the overall teacher strength in training base,competence-based training for hospital pharma-cists must be strengthened to encourage teachers to attend training courses,strengthen cultivation of humanistic quality and enrich students'evaluation forms.

Challenges in Patient Counseling and Medication Reconciliation for Foreign Inpatients in Korea

OBJECTIVE: This study is to evaluate the awareness, needs, and barriers in patient counseling for hospitalized foreign patients. As the number of foreign population increases in Korea, demands on quality of Korean health services are rapidly increasing. Previously most of the studies have focused on the availability and utilization of healthcare service, and prevalence of disease for foreigners, however, no study has been conducted on quality of direct-patient care such as patient counseling. METHOD: In the present study, a survey was conducted on a total of 161 participants between March 7 and May 7 in 2014. The study subjects were consisted with 103 foreign patients who had experienced inpatient care within 1 year and 58 hospital pharmacists who work in the hospital with foreign inpatients. RESULTS: Firstly, the hospital pharmacists were highly aware of the necessity of counseling for foreign inpatients. Secondly, the largest portion of barrier to patient counseling service was accounted a lack of foreign language skills. Lastly, the monitoring of efficacy, potential adverse reactions and discharge follow-up were emphasized. CONCLUSION: Effective communication skills would be essential to improve pharmaceutical care services to foreign inpatients.

A case of successful assessment at home by a certified palliative care pharmacist

<b>Case report：</b>A 69 year-old man with an end-stage lung carcinoma had difficulty to come to our out-patient clinic due to severe pain and familial reasons. The reports from his sister were limited and his condition seemed no improvement. A certified palliative care pharmacist visited his home to assess his current status and situation in detail in order to provide better care for him. <b>Result：</b>Direct and accurate assessment of his pain status and compliance to his medication allowed our palliative team to provide tailored instructions and alleviate his suffering. Home visit helped to create better communication between the patient and the team and relieve his anxiety. The information from the visit provided his doctor with objective assessment of his current situation, which resulted in tailored prescriptions. This whole process was also effective to his smooth admission when he finally deteriorated. <b>Summary：</b>Home visit assessment and management by hospital pharmacists was very useful to the patients who have difficulty to come to the clinic by improving his quality of home life and sharing his social and clinical information between the out-patient clinic and the hospital. The home visit can be a good option for such patients.

A Questionnaire Survey about Potential Conflict of Interest in Pharmacist’s Practice / 社会薬学

Relationships between physicians and pharmaceutical companies have received considerable attention regarding the professionalism of health care professionals in recent years. Pharmacists may also have a conflict of interest if they are provided some benefits from pharmaceutical companies. We conducted a survey of pharmacists in hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies in mid 2011. The response rate was 58.8％（235/400）. Most pharmacists（94％） reported some type of relationship with pharmaceutical companies, which included receiving ballpoint pens and notebooks（88.5％）, or receiving food in a meeting（56.6％）. Managerial level pharmacists received more “textbooks and guidelines”, “gifts” than other pharmacists. The results of this survey indicate that relationships between pharmacists and companies is common. The formulation of guidelines and more responsible behaviors are needed.

Inflection to Pharmacovigilance of PreAVOID / 薬剤疫学

The Japanese Society of Hospital Pharmacists (JSHP) started to collect the pharmaceutical care reports from the hospital pharmacists by a name of “PreAVOID” from 1999. The report number of PreAVOID increased year by year and reached about 50,000 totals in 2006. PreAVOID reports are classified in 2. One is the prevention of the adverse reaction and the drug interaction, the other is the avoidance of progress to the adverse reaction. In the latter, the role of the adverse reaction monitoring is included. Therefore PreAVOID is able to apply in Pharmacovigilance. PreAVOID is reported to JSHP by Fax or E-mail or the homepage of JSHP and it is evaluated and classified and then are accumulated in the database. The accumulated PreAVOID reports are utilized for creation of the pharmaceutical care information, study promotion about the medical economy. Therefore PreAVOID takes an important role as a nucleus of the pharmaceutical care management system by the pharmacists.<br> We are convinced that PreAVOID will be able to contribute to achievement of real purpose of Pharmacovigilance that is the effective and safety drug therapy.

Economic Benifits of Hospital Pharmaceutical Services after Cancelling the Hospital Drug Price Addition / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the economic benefits of pharmaceutical care after hospital drug price addition has been cancelled. METHODS: To analyze the way to create economic benefits from hospital pharmaceutical services in China by drawing experiences from developed countries. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Canceling of hospital drug price addition is conducive to the increase of the status of pharmacists. Medical institutions can profit from extending pharmaceutical services.

How to Face Medical Reform for Hospital Pharmacists / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the development direction for hospital pharmacists in the medical reform and to promote rational use of drugs.METHODS: The status quo for the medical reform was analyzed based on the practicality of hospital and the author's perspectives on how to improve pharmaceutical care level was presented.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Hospital pharmacists should change pharmaceutical care model to face up to the challenges in the medical reform by establishing clinical pharmacists' team and setting up pharmaceutical care center to improve pharmaceutical care level and adapt to the development of medical reform.