Clinical Efficacy of Qingxin Zishen Decoction on Hot Flashes After Endocrine Therapy for Prostate Cancer and Its Preliminary Mechanism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect of Qingxin Zishen decoction on hot flashes after endocrine therapy for prostate cancer and explore its therapeutic mechanism. MethodA total of 60 patients who met the criteria and were admitted to Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine from December 2021 to December 2022 were collected and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group， with 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with Qingxin Zishen decoction， while the control group was only given routine nursing. The observation period of this study was eight weeks. The improvement of hot flash frequency， hot flash degree， hot flash score， ISS score， and TCM syndrome score were observed in the two groups before and after treatment. The changes of serum endothelin-1 （ET-1）， nitric oxide （NO）， calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）， prostate specific antigen （PSA）， and testosterone were detected. ResultIn terms of efficacy， after treatment， the frequency， degree， and score of hot flashes， ISS score， and TCM syndrome score decreased in the treatment group （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group， all indicators were better in the treatment group （P<0.05）. In terms of laboratory indicators， after treatment， the serum NO level in the treatment group was increased. ET-1 level was decreased. The ratio of ET-1/NO was decreased， and the CGRP level was decreased （P<0.05）. However， testosterone and PSA levels were not significantly changed . Compared with the control group， after treatment， the serum NO level in the treatment group was higher， and the level of ET-1 was lower. The ratio of ET-1/NO and the CGRP level were lower （P<0.05）. There were no significant differences in testosterone and PSA levels between the two groups. ConclusionQingxin Zishen decoction can significantly improve hot flashes in patients with prostate cancer after endocrine therapy. The mechanism of Qingxin Zishen decoction may be to improve the vasomotor function by regulating the expression level of vasomotor factors， so as to treat hot flashes.

Effect of type of carrier material on the in vitro properties of solid dispersions of progesterone / 药学学报

This study investigated the effect of different carrier materials on the in vitro properties of progesterone solid dispersions. The solid dispersions of the insoluble drug progesterone were prepared by hot melt extrusion technique using rheological properties as the index of investigation, and the in vitro properties of the solid dispersions were characterized. Scanning electron microscope revealed solid dispersions with rough surfaces and agglomerated microstructures into irregular lumpy particles. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction showed the change of progesterone crystalline form in solid dispersions from crystalline to amorphous state. In vitro dissolution studies showed that solid dispersions prepared with different carrier materials can effectively improve the dissolution rate of drugs. The results of the study showed that the type of carrier material had a significant effect on the in vitro properties of solid dispersions, providing a reference for the study of solid dispersions in the controlled release of insoluble drugs.

Hot plate method: A painful stimulus to induce anxiety in Wistar rats

Background: Pain is a common stimulus that induces anxiety in both Animals and human beings. Aim and Objective: We have undertaken this study to evaluate the induction of anxiety in Wistar rats using hot plate method. Materials and Methods: 24 Wistar rats of either gender were used. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and light and dark arena (LDA) were used to evaluate the anxiety and hot plate analgesiometer was used to induce anxiety. After baseline reading from EPM and LDA, the Wistar rats were exposed to the hot plate and then evaluated for the induction of the anxiety behavior. Results: After exposing to the hot plate, the ratio of time spent in the open arms to the time spent on the closed arms was decreased from 0.027 to 0.010 and also the ratio of time spent on the light chamber to the time spent on the dark chamber was decreased from 0.093 to 0.012. Hot plate method has shown statistical significant induction of anxiety as evaluated by EPM and also LDA. Conclusion: Hot plate method is a good intervention to induce anxiety in Wistar rats. Instead of injecting drugs that causes anxiety to explore the anxiolytic effects of the drugs the hot plate analgesiometer method is a good alternative.

Orally Disintegrating Film: A Review of Its Formulation and Manufacturing Method

@#Oral route drug delivery system is still considered as the most convenient and patient friendly drug delivery route. Over the decades, many research has been performed to improve the functionality oral dosage form. Orally disintegrating film (ODF) is a newer oral drug delivery system, which is in the form of a thin film that will disintegrate in the oral cavity within a matter of seconds. The aim of this review paper is to recap ODF, its benefits, formulation contents and manufacturing method. With more research and development work has been conducted on ODF, the dosage form is expected to be manufactured and scaled up to be commercializable products to be sold in the market.

Research progress of taste masking and evaluation technology of medicine / 中国药科大学学报

@#Most drugs taste bitter and irritating, resulting in poor compliance of patients, and the bad odor affects the therapeutic effect. The successful research and development of a drug should not only conform to the five quality characteristics of effectiveness, stability, safety, uniformity and economy, but also the compliance of patients to drugs with bad odor. The development of taste masking techniques is critical for bitter drugs.This review describes the principles, advantages and drawbacks of traditional taste masking techniques, and introduces the mechanism and application of novel taste masking techniques, such as melt granulation, hot melt extrusion, 3D printing, drug complex preparation, and bitter taste inhibitors. The in vitro evaluation methods of drug taste masking effect, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, in vitro dissolution, and electronic tongue technology, are described. And introduce in vivo evaluation methods, such as animal and human taste, in the field of taste masking effect. A new strategy of BP neural network prediction model for drug taste evaluation is proposed, with a view to providing theoretical reference for the future research on drug taste masking.

Protective Effect of Huangqi Baihe Granules on Acute Brain Injury in Rats with High Altitude Hypoxia Based on HIF-1α/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signal Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Huangqi Baihe granules on the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α （HIF-1α）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）/NOD-like receptor hot protein domain related protein 3 （NLRP3） signaling pathway in a rat model of high altitude hypoxia. MethodSixty male SPF SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， dexamethasone group （5 mg·kg-1）， and high， middle， and low-dose groups of Huangqi Baihe granules （4.1， 2.05， 1.025 g·kg-1）. Among them， each Chinese medicine group was administrated orally for continuously 14 d， once a day， and the dexamethasone group was injected intraperitoneally for continuously 3 d as the positive control group. On the 15th d， the model group， dexamethasone group， and high， middle， and low dose groups of Huangqi Baihe granules were exposed to the simulated high altitude， low pressure， and low oxygen environment in the animal low-pressure simulation cabin， and the exposure lasted for 3 d. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and serum was separated， and the brain tissue was taken after being killed. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes in brain tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the content of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in rat serum. Western blot was used to detect HIF-1α， NLRP3， phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB （p-NF-κB）， NF-κB， desquamation D （GSDMD）， and cysteine aspartate-specitis protein-1（Caspase-1） in rats of each group. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultThe results of HE staining showed that as compared with the normal group， the pathological sections of brain tissues in the model group showed that pyramidal cells were loosely arranged and distributed in disorder， with different sizes. Compared with the model group， the pathological changes in pyramidal cells in the dexamethasone group and high and middle-dose groups of Huangqi Baihe granules were reduced. The results of ELISA showed that as compared with the normal group， the content of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in the serum of rats in the model group was significantly higher （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the content of TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in the serum of rats in the dexamethasone group and high and middle-dose groups of Huangqi Baihe granules decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The results of Western blot showed that as compared with the normal group， the relative protein expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， p-NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of the model group were significantly higher （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the relative expressions of HIF-1α， NLRP3， p-NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of rats in the dexamethasone group and the high-dose group of Huangqi Baihe granules were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The relative protein expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， p-NF-κB p65， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of rats in the middle-dose group of Huangqi Baihe granules decreased significantly （P<0.01）， and the relative protein expression of HIF-1α in the brain tissue of rats in the low-dose group of Huangqi Baihe granules was reduced （P<0.05）. The Real-time PCR analysis showed that as compared with the normal group， the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of rats in the dexamethasone group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NF-κB p65， GSDMD， and Caspase-1 in the brain tissue of rats in the high-dose group of Huangqi Baihe granules decreased significantly （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of HIF-1α， NLRP3， and Caspase-1in the brain tissue of rats in the middle-dose group of Huangqi granules decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionThe protective effect of Huangqi Baihe granules on acute brain injury in low-pressure hypoxic rats may be related to the HIF-1α/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Impact of Culture Temperature Changes on the Efficacy of Growth Inhibitory Manipulation of Cancer Cell Lines / 日本温泉気候物理医学会雑誌

  We have previously reported that high-temperature (42°C) culture inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). We described how the proliferative capacity and telomere length (TL)-related parameters of HUVECs, one of somatic cells, change with culture temperature. It was speculated that a combination of cytostatic manipulations, such as anticancer treatments, and high-temperature conditions would more effectively suppress the growth of somatic cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that increasing the core body temperature (BT) as a pretreatment for cancer treatment enhances the effectiveness of cancer treatment. In the present study, various cells (HUVECs, Jurkat cells, and SLVL) were cultured under different temperature conditions (35°C, 37°C or 39°C) combined with anticancer manipulations (X-ray irradiation or addition of 1-β-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine [Ara-C]), which resulted in changes in the proliferation rate and TL. The degree of cell proliferation inhibitory effect depended on the combination of cell type, anticancer procedure, and temperature condition. Therefore, the best therapeutic condition might be selected in advance by checking the proliferation rate of biopsied cancer cells being cultured under combinations of anticancer manipulations at altered temperature conditions.

Study on the material basis of cold and hot properties of traditional Chinese medicines in Lamiaceae based on pattern recognition / 药学学报

To study the material basis of cold and hot properties of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in Lamiaceae and to establish a cold and hot properties identification model, a database of material components of TCMs in Lamiaceae was established. A three-level classification system of material components was used to obtain the material basis of cold and hot properties of the Lamiaceae family by using data mining methods such as frequency analysis, association rule analysis, logistic regression, and feature selection. Several identification models were established to recognize the cold and hot properties. The chi-square test results showed that the material composition ratios of cold and hot properties were significantly different at the first-level, second-level, and third-level classification (P < 0.05), and the differences varied as the levels of substance classification changed. The average coefficients of variation were 42.30%, 79.07%, and 91.51% at the first-level, second-level, and third-level classification levels, respectively. In other words, in terms of the percentage differences in material composition ratio, the first-level was smaller than the second-level, and the second-level was smaller than the third-level. The results of the association rule analysis showed that under the third-level classification, there were many effective association rules, and 27 core groups and 34 specific groups of chemical components were obtained based on these rules. 15 decisive groups were obtained from the feature selection results. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to successfully establish a cold and hot properties identification model with an overall accuracy of 89%. The material basis of cold and hot properties of TCMs in Lamiaceae is different and intersect with each other. Twenty-seven groups of chemical components, such as bicyclic diterpenes, are the core groups of cold and hot properties, of which 15 groups are the decisive groups. The cold and hot properties are often characterized by the interaction of multiple classes of substances, and a single class of substances often cannot be used to characterize the properties. The organic combination of multiple classes of substances is the material basis of cold and hot properties.

Hot water washing processing technology of Euodiae Fructus based on change laws of active components and tastes / 中国中药杂志

In order to establish the standardized processing technology of the hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus, this study, based on the traditional processing method of hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus recorded in ancient works and modern processing specifications of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, took the yield of decoction pieces and the content of main components as the indicators and optimized the processing conditions by orthogonal test based on the results of single factor investigation. At the same time, electronic tongue technology was used to analyze the change law of the taste index of Euodiae Fructus during the hot water washing. The results of the single factor investigation showed that the content of the main components in Euodiae Fructus showed some regular changes during the processing. Specifically, the content of chlorogenic acid, hyperin, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, and dehydroevodiamine decreased significantly, with average decreases of-23.75%,-27.80%,-14.04%,-14.03%, and-13.11%, respectively. The content of limonin increased significantly with an average increase of 19.83%. The content of evodiamine, rutaecarpine, evocarpine, and dihydroevocarpine showed fluctuating changes and generally increased, with average variation amplitudes of 0.54%,-3.78%, 2.69%, and 5.13%, respectively. The orthogonal test results showed that the optimum processing parameters for the hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus were as follows: washing time of 2 min, the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶10 g·mL~(-1), washing temperature of 80 ℃, washing once, and drying at 50 ℃. After the hot water washing processing, the average yield of Euodiae Fructus pieces was 94.80%. The content of limonin, evodiamine, and rutaecarpine was higher than those of raw pro-ducts, and the average transfer rates were 102.56%, 103.15%, and 105.16%, respectively. The content of dehydroevodiamine was lower than that of the raw products, and the average transfer rate was 83.04%. The results of taste analysis showed that the hot water washing could significantly reduce the salty, astringent, and bitter tastes of Euodiae Fructus. This study revealed the influence of the hot water washing on the content of main components and taste of Euodiae Fructus, and the processing technology of the hot water was-hing of Euodiae Fructus established in this study was stable, feasible, and suitable for industrial production, which laid a foundation for clarifying its processing principle and improving the quality standard and clinical application value of decoction pieces.

Comparison study colonic polypectomy / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Introduction@#Colorectal cancer remains one of the critical healthcare challenges nowadays. There are a lot of studies done on colonic polypectomy around the world, and mostly diagnosis with dysplasia change, so we consider to chose to study this topic.@*Aim@#In this study, we aimed to compare the between cold snare polypectomy (CSP) and hot snare polypectomy (HSP) of removing colon polyps. This method helped us to investigate which of the two methods is most prevalent for polypectomy.@*Materials and Method@#The research was carried out using a targeted sampling method from the cases where colonoscopy was performed between 2022 and 2023, based on the Center for Imaging Diagnostics and Pathology of Third General Hospital of Mongolia with a colon polyps less than 5mm in size should be removed using the cold snare method according to the recommendation, and polyps between 5-10 mm should be removed using the hot snare method. After polypectomy, we assessed deep mucosal lesions using the Sydney classification.@*Result@#The average age of the 81 cases included in the study was 57.9 years, and the male-female ratio was 1:1.2.149 cases (75.6%) of slightly elevated type 0-IIa according to the Paris classification, according to the morphological structure revealed by endoscopy, while 79 cases (75.6%) were tubular adenoma according to histological analysis. (38.9%), low grade dysplasia 52 (25.6%) and high grade dysplasia 3 (1.5%) cases are noteworthy. Average polyp was 5-9 mm. Most of polyps removed was left side of colon especially in sigmoid colon. Bleeding rate was higher in hot snare method 11.5%. (1/149, 0.7%, 5/52, 9.6%; P = 0.6). There was no recurrent rate and no perforation in our study. @*Conclusions@#In our study, average size of 5-9 mm were removed and slightly elevated (0-IIa), sessile (0-Is) type of polyps were commonly found in the sigmoid colon. There is a higher risk of bleeding due to mucosal damage in hot snare polypectomy. A combination of hot and cold methods is equally effective for resection of colon pollyps up to 1 cm in size.

Isolation and identification of Balneatrix alpica from patient′s blood and hot spring water / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To identify and characterize two Balneatrix alpica strains isolated from a patient′s blood sample (strain X117) and the natural hot spring water in the patient′s residential district (strain GN-1), and to provide experimental evidence for the pathogenic diagnosis of clinical infection caused by this rare pathogen. Methods:Biochemical phenotypic identification, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, and genome-wide analysis were performed to accurately determine the taxonomic status of the isolates X117 and GN-1 by using Balneatrix alpica DSM 16621 T as a reference. Microdilution broth method was used to test their antimicrobial susceptibility. The virulence genes carried by them were annotated and analyzed using the virulence factor database (VFDB). Results:Strains X117 and GN-1 formed light yellow or tan colonies with mottled surfaces on Columbia blood agar and chocolate agar plates after 4 d of culture. They were Gram-negative rods and positive for oxidase and indole tests, which were consistent with the characteristics of Balneatrix alpica DSM 16621 T. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that the isolates X117 and GN-1 were both Balneatrix alpaca. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the two isolates and Balneatrix alpica DSM 16621 T were 98.44% and 98.41%, respectively, and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were both 87.1%. The SNP distance between the two strains was 13, indicating that X117 and GN-1 might belong to the same clone. The antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all of the three Balneatrix alpica strains were sensitive to the commonly used antibiotics against Gram-negative rods. The virulence genes carried by the three Balneatrix alpica strains were mainly involved in adhesion, invasion, flagella and biofilm formation. Conclusions:This study identified a case of bloodstream infection caused by Balneatrix alpica which was closely related to natural hot spring water. Natural hot spring water migh be an important source of clinical infections caused by this species.

Analysis of hot spots and trends of the standardized residency training of Traditional Chinese Medicine based on the CiteSpace knowledge map software / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To analyze the research progress, hot spots and future trends of standardized residency training of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 1998 to now by using CiteSpace knowledge map software.Methods:The related literature on standardized residency training of Traditional Chinese Medicine were retrieved on CNKI. And after Refworks format conversion, using CiteSpace 5.6 R3 software for the construction of knowledge map, the author cooperation, institutional cooperation, keyword co-occurrence, and time-sharing research hot spots views of related literature on standardized residency training of Traditional Chinese Medicine were drawn respectively.Results:A total of 259 papers were obtained, with 253 authors. Ren Xianqing and Cui Jin published the most articles (each with 4 papers), and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine published the most articles (with 23 papers). There were 259 keywords in total, and 16 keywords with frequency greater than 5 and centrality greater than 0.1. There were 14 keyword cluster tags, and 15 burst terms were detected in total, and the trend discussion was carried out accordingly.Conclusion:The research trend of the standardized residency training of Traditional Chinese Medicine mainly follows the relevant policies issued by the functional departments of the government, and the research hot spots depend on the obstacles and difficulties encountered in the practical application of each training base.

Analysis of the effect of cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection in the treatment of colorectal polyps / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of cold-strap endoscopic mucosal resection (CS-EMR) in patients with colorectal polyps.Methods:A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted to 320 selected patients with colorectal polyps diagnosed by Shenzhen Luohu District People′s Hospital from May 2019 to June 2021. The patients were randomly divided into CS-EMR group and HS-EMR group with 160 cases each, using a random number table generated by Excel 2007. The main parameters for statistical analysis contain the process indicators of the two groups of surgical methods, the complete polypectomy rate of patients after surgery, the degree of postoperative pain and the recovery of gastrointestinal function, and the differences in surgical complications.Results:The polypectomy time of CS-EMR group was shorter than that of HS-EMR group: (4.11 ± 1.20) min vs. (4.42 ± 0.98) min, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The score of visual analogue pain scale (VAS) in CS-EMR group was lower than that in HS-EMR group at 4 and 12 hours after operation: (3.11 ± 0.78) scores vs. (3.48 ± 0.80) scores, (3.38 ± 0.80) scores vs. (3.61 ± 0.92) scores, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The first anal exhaust time and first defecation time in CS-EMR group were lower than those in HS-EMR group: (27.83 ± 5.01) h vs. (29.66 ± 4.84) h, (43.73 ± 7.80) h vs. (47.28 ± 8.14) h, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). The complications in CS-EMR group were significantly lower than those in HS-EMR group: 5.63% (9/160) vs. 12.50% (20/160), with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The effect of CS-EMR in the treatment of colorectal polyps is not different from that of HS-EMR, but the former has the advantages of short resection time, rapid recovery of gastrointestinal function after operation, light pain and less complications.

Two Cases of Plantar Keratosis Successfully Improved by Intake of Food Containing Hot Water Extract of Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf with Husks / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

We reported 2 cases of plantar keratosis (59 years of age, female/39 years of age, male) successfully improved by intake of hot water extract of Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf with Husks. Both subjects were administered coix seed extract containing food for 20 weeks. The lesions improved gradually after 12 weeks, and almost cured by 20 weeks of administration. Although the food seemed to be effective in these cases, further studies are needed to define the optimal dose and duration.

Effects of exercise on human energy metabolism in high temperature and high humidity environment / Efeitos do exercício sobre o metabolismo energético humano em ambientes de alta temperatura e umidade / Efectos del ejercicio sobre el metabolismo energético humano en ambientes de alta temperatura y humedad

ABSTRACT Introduction Many exercise enthusiasts have started participating in sports in the high-temperature environment in recent years due to the increasing popularity of these sports habits. However, their scientific studies still have a gap in their safety and effectiveness. Objective Measure the energy supply characteristics of fat and sugar oxidation during exercise in different high-temperature and humidity environments. Methods 20 healthy adult subjects were exposed to fixed-intensity exercise for 20 minutes at 30-33 oC, 20% relative humidity (RH), and 50% RH, respectively. Results Under the silent exposure condition, compared with RH 20% and RH 50% under high temperature, sugar oxidation was significantly increased (P<0.01), while fat oxidation was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and total energy consumption was significantly increased (P<0.01). Under the condition of 65% VO2 max exercise, compared with RH 20% and RH 50% at high temperatures, the amount of sugar oxidation was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the total energy consumption was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Conclusion Under 65% exercise under VO2 max in the high temperature and humidity-controlled environment, the high temperature and medium humidity (RH 50%) environment consumes more energy, and there is a greater amount of sugar oxidation. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigating treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução Muitos entusiastas do exercício físico começaram a participar de esportes no ambiente de altas temperaturas nos últimos anos devido a crescente popularidade desses hábitos esportivos, embora seus estudos científicos ainda apresentem uma lacuna sobre sua segurança e efetividade. Objetivo Comparar as características do fornecimento de energia de oxidação de gordura e açúcar durante o exercício em ambientes de alta temperatura e umidade diferentes. Métodos Um total de 20 sujeitos adultos saudáveis foram expostos a exercícios de intensidade fixa durante 20 minutos a 30-33 oC, 20% de umidade relativa (RH) e 50% de RH, respectivamente. Resultados Sob a condição de exposição silenciosa, comparado com RH 20% e RH 50% sob alta temperatura, a oxidação do açúcar foi significativamente aumentada (P<0,01), enquanto a oxidação da gordura foi significativamente reduzida (P<0,01), e o consumo total de energia foi significativamente incrementado (P<0,01). Sob a condição de 65% de exercício de VO2max, comparado com RH 20% e RH 50% a altas temperaturas, a quantidade de oxidação do açúcar foi significativamente reduzida (P<0,05), e o consumo total de energia foi significativamente reduzido (P<0,05). Conclusão Sob a condição de 65% de exercício sob VO2max, no ambiente de alta temperatura e umidade controlados, o ambiente de alta temperatura e umidade média (RH 50%) consome mais energia, havendo uma maior quantidade de oxidação de açúcar. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción En los últimos años, muchos aficionados al ejercicio han comenzado a practicar deportes en el entorno de altas temperaturas debido a la creciente popularidad de estos hábitos deportivos, aunque sus estudios científicos aún presentan lagunas sobre su seguridad y eficacia. Objetivo Comparar las características de suministro energético de la oxidación de grasas y azúcares durante el ejercicio en diferentes entornos de alta temperatura y humedad. Métodos Un total de 20 sujetos adultos sanos fueron expuestos a ejercicio de intensidad fija durante 20 minutos a 30-33 oC, 20% de humedad relativa (HR) y 50% de HR, respectivamente. Resultados Bajo la condición de exposición silenciosa, en comparación con RH 20% y RH 50% bajo alta temperatura, la oxidación de azúcar se incrementó significativamente (P<0.01), mientras que la oxidación de grasa se redujo significativamente (P<0.01), y el consumo total de energía se incrementó significativamente (P<0.01). Bajo la condición de ejercicio VO2max 65%, en comparación con RH 20% y RH 50% a alta temperatura, la cantidad de oxidación de azúcar se redujo significativamente (P<0,05), y el consumo total de energía se redujo significativamente (P<0,05). Conclusión Bajo la condición de 65% de ejercicio bajo VO2max en el ambiente controlado de alta temperatura y humedad, el ambiente de alta temperatura y humedad media (RH50%) consume más energía y hay una mayor cantidad de oxidación de azúcar. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Vayasthapana Gana Ksheerapaka in Perimenopausal Symptoms - A Case Report

Perimenopause is the transition period from reproductive to non-reproductive phase. It usually begins with menstrual cycle irregularity and extends to one year after permanent cessation of menstruation. There is manifestation of varied physical, psychological and somatic symptoms. Menopause may be correlated to Rajakshaya. It usually occurs as part of the ageing process and is the period of transition from Pitta predominant middle age to vata predominant old age. Treatment in modern medicine includes hormone replacement therapy and use of anti-depressants etc. Acharyas mention Jara among Swabhavabala pravritta Vyadhi, and its management is to be done with drugs having Rasayana property. Here we present a 48-year-old lady who presented with complaints of hot flushes, severe sweating especially during night hours, reduced sleep, irritability, multiple joint pain, loss of interest in most daily activities and stress incontinence. Vayasthapana gana was administered as Ksheerapaka. Vayasthapana gana include ten drugs which are Rasayana, Medhya, Tridosha samana and possess anti-oxidant, free radical scavenging and anti-stress activity. Ksheera is Vata pitta samana, Rasayana, and Jeevaneeya. Vayasthapana gana ksheerapaka is given in the dose of 48ml twice daily one hour before food for thirty days. After treatment intensity of these symptoms were reduced. Follow up was done thirty days after stopping the medication, here also intensity of these symptoms remained less when compared to before treatment. Here we reviewed the probable role of Vayasthapana gana ksheerapaka in alleviating perimenopausal symptoms.

An ethnographic approach to understand cultural perspectives of tribes on branding practice for sick children in Odisha, India

Background & objectives: Traditional beliefs on child healthcare at time lead to potentially harmful practices like branding. However, there is a gap in people’s perceptions, attitudes and beliefs about branding practice. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to document the cultural motivation, ability and opportunity for branding practice in a tribal district of Odisha, India. Methods: Initially, such practices were observed in the tribal community for three months. Then, 18 in-depth interviews were conducted - ten among women having under-five children, and eight among traditional healers. Six focus group discussions were conducted with community health workers as well. The responses were digitally recorded, transcribed and translated and were further used for thematic framework analysis. Results: The primary determinants of branding practice were cultural beliefs compounded with low-health literacy, proximity to conventional care and influence of family and friends. The key driver for branding practices was traditional cultural beliefs on child healthcare decisions and health-seeking behaviours. Opportunities in the health system – availability and quality of health services – frequently drive them to seek healthcare from the system structure and routine health communication improves their ability to make better healthcare decisions. Interpretation & conclusions: Culture significantly affects the conceptualisation of illness and care-seeking pathways in a society. The indigenous community used to consult local traditional healers for their health concerns. While the government has made efforts to increase community health literacy through various platforms and multiple stakeholders’ engagements, the doorstep availability of modern care and health promotion interventions remains critical for meeting the health needs of the indigenous community.

Preclinical evaluation of analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Costus pictus leaves in Wistar albino rats

Background: Pain is the most common symptom in various pathological conditions requiring appropriate treatment with analgesics. Use of analgesics is limited by various adverse drug effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Costus pictus leaves in Wistar albino rats. Aim and Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of C. pictus leaves in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 Wistar albino rats and was divided into five groups each of six rats. Group-I (Sterile water-equivalent volume/po), Group-II Morphine (5 mg/kg/ip), Group-III CPHAE (200 mg/kg/po), Group-IV CPHAE (400 mg/kg/po), and Group-V Diclofenac (12.5 mg/kg/po). All the rats were administered respective drugs before starting of 30 min of experiment. Central analgesic (Tail clip and hot plate) and peripheral analgesic (Writhing test) methods were used to evaluate the analgesic activity. The data were recorded and analyzed with SPSS software. Results: Group-II, III, IV and V showed significant analgesic activity compared to Group-I in both central and peripheral animal models. Group-II showed significant effect compared to Group-III and IV in the central analgesic activity. Group-V showed significant effect compared to Group-III and IV in peripheral analgesic activity. Group-IV showed significant effect compared to Group-III. Conclusion: High dose of (400 mg/kg) C. pictus plant extract showed significant analgesic activity in the central and peripheral animal models compared to low dose.

Evaluation of analgesic properties of petroleum ether extract of Zingiber officinale

Background: Herbal remedies and alternative therapies have been employed in the treatment of pain from time immemorial. Ginger is a widely used spice with a lot of medicinal properties, and it is especially soothing to the gastro-intestinal system. Most of the analgesics used in modern medicine have side effects to either gastro-intestinal tract or nervous system. Ginger has neither. Scientific evaluation of the analgesic properties of Zingiber officinale is needed. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of three doses of orally administered petroleum ether extract of Z. officinale and to compare with morphine. When tested for analgesic activity, to find out the difference in reaction time at various time intervals for each dose of the extract, and their significance. Materials and Methods: Petroleum ether extract of Z. officinale rhizomes was used. Wistar strain albino rats (150-200 g) and Swiss albino mice (20-25 g) housed under standard laboratory conditions were used. The central analgesic activities of the extract were evaluated by the tail clip method and hot plate method. Statistical analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance to compare the means in the experimental groups. Results: In tail clip method, pain was mechanically induced pain and the pain threshold was measured in terms of mice’ reaction time in seconds. All doses of the extract of Z. officinale were capable of increasing the reaction time in mice during the various time periods. Maximum analgesic activity was shown by 800 mg/kg of the extract at 90 minutes. In hot plate test, maximum analgesic activity was shown by 800 mg/kg of the extract at 180 min. At 30 and 60 min, 800 mg/kg of the extract was as effective as the standard drug, morphine. Conclusions: The study revealed that Z. officinale has significant analgesic properties especially in higher doses.

Concentración espacial de las denuncias por violencia familiar en Ciudad Victoria: un acercamiento mediante la detección de hot spots / Spatial concentration of complaints of family violence in Ciudad Victoria: an approach through the detection of hot spots

Resumen La violencia familiar es el principal delito cometido a nivel nacional en México. Tamaulipas tiene una tasa de denuncias que se encuentra por encima de la media nacional desde el año 2016 hasta el 2018, destacando el municipio de Vitoria con la tasa más alta en ese período. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar la concentración espacial de las denuncias por violencia familiar en Ciudad Victoria y especificar la relación entre las desventajas del vecindario y la ubicación en un hot spot (punto caliente). El estudio se basa en la teoría de la desorganización social y tiene como soporte los datos de la Fiscalía General del Estado de Tamaulipas en el periodo 2016-2018. Para ello, se desarrolló el análisis exploratorio de datos espaciales mediante las técnicas de estimación de densidad de kernel, promedio del vecino más cercano, análisis de hot spot Gi* de Getis-Ord y un análisis confirmatorio mediante una regresión logística binaria, procesamientos desarrollados en el software ArcMap 10.8.1 y en el paquete estadístico R. Los hallazgos indicaron que las denuncias se producen desde un número reducido de unidades geográficas. La prueba del promedio del vecino más cercano mostró que existe agrupamiento estadísticamente significativo (z = - 10.825, P = 0.000). En el análisis Gi* de Getis-Ord se detectó que 602 manzanas (9.8 % del total) son hot spots (al 95 % y 99 % de confianza) de alta incidencia, mientras que la regresión logística confirmó que la cantidad de ocupantes por vivienda y los hogares con jefatura femenina están asociados positivamente con la probabilidad de estar dentro de un hot spot de violencia familiar. El patrón de denuncias mostró poca dispersión geográfica y asociación estadística relevante con las variables de desorganización social.

Abstract The main crime committed in Mexico is domestic violence. Tamaulipas had a reporting rate above the national average from 2016 to 2018, with Ciudad Victoria having the highest rate during that period. The objective of this work is to identify the spatial concentration of complaints on family violence and to specify the relationship between the neighborhood characteristics and its location in a hot spot. To that aim, the study uses the social disorganization theory and data of complaints taken from the Fiscalia General del Estado de Tamaulipas during the 2016-2018 period. The exploratory analysis of spatial data was developed by using kernel density estimation techniques, nearest neighbor average, Getis-Ord Gi* hot spot analysis and confirmatory analysis through binary logistic regression, with the help of the ArcMap 10.8.1 software and R statistical package. The findings indicated that complaints of domestic violence are produced from a small number of geographic units. The nearest neighbor mean test showed that there is a statistically significant grouping of complaints (z = - 10.825, P = 0.000). In the Gi * analysis of Getis-Ord, 602 blocks (9.8 % of the total) were identified as hot spots (at 95 % and 99 % confidence), while the logistic regression confirmed that the number of occupants per dwelling and households headed by women are positively associated with the probability of being in a hot spot of family violence. The pattern of the complaints showed little geographic dispersion and relevant statistical associations with the social disorganization variables.