Research on Key Information of Classic Famous Prescription Huangqitang and Its Modern Clinical Application / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Huangqitang comes from the Taiping Huimin Hejiju Fang of the Song dynasty. It consists of four medicinal materials: Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, Citrμs reticμlata， Cannabis sativa， and Apis cerana. It is a classic prescription for treating constipation in the elderly. This study systematically collated the literature records about Huangqitang in ancient Chinese medicine books and combined it with the current status of modern clinical applications to conduct in-depth analysis and research on the origin，composition， dosage, processing, preparation and administration, drug base, main symptoms， and other key information of the formula, so as to provide a strong reference for the development and clinical application of the classic Huangqitang compound preparation. Through systematic combing and textual research on the previous literature of Huangqitang， it can be seen that the formula of Huangqitang was first recorded in the Taiping Huimin Hejiju Fang， and the medical books of the past dynasties mostly adopted this formula. In terms of drug base， the dried roots of the leguminous plant Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus are used， and for tangerine， the dried outer peel of the Rutaceae plant Citrus reticμlata and its cultivated varieties are used. The Moraceae plant Cannabis sativa with the peel removed is selected, and the Apis cerana is selected from the honey brewed by Apis cerana， an insect of the Apidae family. In terms of dosage， although the dosage of some drugs changed during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the dosage records basically followed the original prescriptions from the Song dynasty. In terms of processing, preparation, and usage， although the drug processing， preparation， and usage of Huangqitang in the medical books of the past dynasties have changed slightly， they are basically the same as the original prescription of the Song dynasty. In terms of main symptoms, Huangqitang is designed to treat constipation in the elderly. From the Song dynasty to the Qing dynasty， it was mostly used to treat constipation， secret congestion, asthenia， etc. in the elderly. In modern times， it is clinically used to treat constipation due to Qi deficiency， functional constipation， irritable bowel syndrome， and other diseases in the elderly. No adverse reactions have been found yet. In the subsequent research and development， it is necessary to carry out mass spectrometry analysis of Huangqitang， in-depth exploration of its prescription efficacy and mechanism of action， and other multi-omics scientific research. At the same time， it is important to establish quality control standards to provide a reliable scientific basis for the research and development, clinical treatment， and drug supervision of Huangqitang compound preparations.

Effect of Fangji Huangqitang on Function of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the effects of Fangji Huangqitang（FJHQT） on migration， adhesion，invasion and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs） induced by vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）. Method:HUVECs were induced by VEGF （20 μg·L^-1） <italic>in vitro</italic>. The effects of FJHQT （0.25，0.5，1 g·L^-1） on HUVECs were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium（MTT）， scratch repair， transwell migration， adhesion， invasion and tube formation. Protein in HUVECs was extracted and protein expression levels of phosphorylated Janus kinase 1 （p-JAK1） were detected by Western blot. Result:Compared with control group， VEGF （20 μg·L^-1） can increase the proliferation， scratch repair， transwell migration， adhesion， invasion and tube formation of HUVECs cells （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， compared with VEGF group， FJHQT （0.25，0.5，1 g·L^-1） ，there is no significant effect on the proliferation of HUVECs induced by VEGF for 24 hours， but it can significantly reduce the scratch repair， migration， adhesion， invasion and tube formation of HUVECs induced by VEGF within 24 hours （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Compared with blank group， VEGF could induce abnormal elevation of p-JAK1 in HUVECs （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while FJHQT （0.25，0.5，1 g·L^-1） could significantly reduce the expression levels of p-JAK1 （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:FJHQT can inhibit the migration， adhesion and invasion of HUVECs， the mechanism may be related to JAK1.

Effect of Fangji Huangqitang on DBA/1 Mice Collagen Induced Arthritis and Synovial Angiogenesis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of Fangji Huangqitang （FJHQT） on collagen induced arthritis （CIA） and synovial angiogenesis in DBA/1 mice. Method:DBA/1 mice were randomly divided into normal group， CIA group and FJHQT group. DBA/1 mice in CIA group and FJHQT group were immunized with bovine type Ⅱ collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant on the first day， and DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type Ⅱ collagen and incomplete Freund's adjuvant on the 21^st day to establish CIA model. On the day of the second immunization， the drug was given by gavage once a day for 28 days. On the 22^nd day， the arthritis score and other symptoms of CIA mice were observed. On the 49^th day， Hematoxylin eosin （HE） staining was carried out to observe the angiogenesis in the synovium of CIA mice， the expression of vascular endothelial cell marker platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 （CD31） and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in the synovium of CIA mice were detected. Immunofluorescence double staining was used to detect the mature and immature vessels in the synovium of CIA mice. And the microvascular growth of the rat thoracic aortic ring was induced by VEGF （20 μg·L^-1）. The effects of FJHQT （0.25， 0.5， 1 g·L^-1） at different concentrations were observed under microscope. Result:Compared with the normal group， the inflammation， joints， red and swelling of the inflammatory joints of the CIA group were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The scores of clinical arthritis， the incidence rate， synovial inflammation and angiogenesis were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The density of blood vessels， the positive expression of CD31 and VEGF， the number of immature vessels in synovial membrane were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. And compared with the CIA group， the inflammation， joint swelling， and malformation of the FJHQT group were significantly improved， the clinical arthritis score， incidence rate， synovial inflammation and angiogenesis were significantly reduced （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The vascular density， the positive expression of CD31 and VEGF， and the number of immature blood vessels in synovial membrane were significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with blank group， VEGF could significantly induce the growth of microvasculature in rat thoracic aortic ring （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with VEGF group， FJHQT（0.25， 0.5， 1 g·L^-1） could significantly inhibit the formation of microvasculature in rat thoracic aortic ring （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:FJHQT can effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms and condition of CIA mice， reduce the clinical arthritis score and incidence rate，and inhibit the synovial angiogenesis of CIA mice joints and VEGF induced microvascular formation in rat thoracic aortic rings.

Clinical Efficacy of Modified Fangji Huangqitang on Early Renal Damage with Qi Deficiency and Dampness Obstruction Syndrome in Hypertension / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the efficacy of modified Fangji Huangqitang on early renal damage in hypertension (Qi deficiency and dampness obstruction syndrome) and its effect in resisting inflammation and protecting vascular endothelium. Method:One hundred and forty-four patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group by random number table. Patients in control group got losartan potassium tablets, 50 mg/time, 1 time/day, and nifedipine controlled-release tablets, 30 mg/time, 1 time/day. In addition to the therapy of control group, patients in observation group were alsog given modified Fangji Huangqitang, 1 dose/day. The qualification rate of blood pressure was recorded for every week, and ambulatory blood pressure was detected before and after treatment. Standard deviation of systolic blood pressure for 24 h (24 hSSD), standard deviation of diastolic pressure for 24 h (24 hDSD), mean systolic blood pressure for 24 h (24 hSBP), average diastolic pressure for 24 h (24 hDBP) were recorded, and dynamic pulse pressure index (PPI), dynamic arteriosclerosis index (AASI), and ratio of UmALB and creatinine (CR) were calculated, levels of beta 2 microglobulin (β2-MG), urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), serum cystatin C (CysC), urinary microalbumin (UmALB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1) were detected, and symptoms and signs were scored. Result:During the 12-week observation period, the qualification rate of blood pressure in observation group was 89.09%, which was higher than 81.52%in control group (χ2=18.776, Pβ2-MG, CysC, NAG, UmALB, UACR, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and ET-1 were lower than those in control group (PPZ=2.146, PConclusion:In addition of the western medicine therapy, modified Fangji Huangqitang can be added to control blood pressure level, improve blood pressure compliance rate, reduce blood pressure variability, protect renal function, prevent and relieve clinical symptoms, improve the clinical efficacy, inhibit inflammatory reaction and improve endothelial function.