ABSTRACT
Este trabalho consiste em uma mescla entre notas e observações efetuadas em campo e dados de textos de pesquisa, informações da imprensa e também de vários pesquisadores, sobre o movimento da "Nova Reconstrução Rural na China" e de algumas comunidades que mantêm o legado das experiências de socialismo construído no período das Comunas Populares. Todas essas experiências são discutidas na maneira de como se relacionam de uma forma ou de outra ao hukou e à forma social de propriedade da terra na China. Estes, segundo o anúncio da Terceira Sessão Plenária do Décimo Oitavo Comitê Central do Partido Comunista da China, devem ser gradativamente suprimidos. Discutimos neste trabalho as possíveis dificuldades que essas transformações poderão causar nessas experiências que ainda buscam manter o "Estado Comunista", segundo a epígrafe, e os possíveis impactos nas relações campo-cidade, nas migrações internas e sobre o padrão de desenvolvimento decorrentes da efetiva implementação dessas medidas.
This article approaches notes made in the field reserach and taken from literature data, press reports and several researchers about the social movement of the "New Rural Reconstruction in China." Some communities maintain the legacy of socialism experiences built during the period of the People's Communes in that country. These experiences are linked directly or indirectly to the Hukou system and the social framework of land ownership in China. According to the announcement of the 3rd Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, this system and framework should be gradually abolished. We discuss in this article the possible difficulties that these changes may cause on those experiences that still seek to maintain the "Communist state", and the possible impacts on rural-urban relations, internal migration and the pattern of development stemming from the effective implementation of these measures.
Subject(s)
Socialism , ChinaABSTRACT
Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of using the Hukou artery and ulnar proper digital artery of index finger translocation to reconstruct artery supply in replanting of rotated and avulsed thumb.Methods From January 2011 to May 2012,replantation surgery were carried out in 16 patients with rotated and avulsed injury of thumb.In group A,all cases were replanted by Hukou artery translocation,in which 6 males and 2 females and (27.0 ±9.5) years old in average.The causes of injury were machine strangulation (7 patients) and traffic accident (1 patient).The average time from injury to operation were(6.1 ± 3.1) hours.The amputed level were at the base of proximal phalanx (5 patients) and metacarpophalangeal joint (3 patients).In group B,all patients were replanted using ulnar proper digital artery of index finger translocation,in which 5 males and 3females and (29.7 ± 13.7) years old in average.The causes of injury were machine strangulation (6 patients) and cord wring injury (2 patient).The average time from injury to operation were(7.1 ±2.2) hours.The amputed level were at the base of proximal phalanx (4 patients) and metacarpophalangeal joint (4 patients).Results The operation time were (3.2 ± 0.8) minutes in group A and (5.3 ± 0.6) minutes in group B.All fingers were survived in both groups.All patients were followed up 3-10 months (6.9 months on average).Excellent rate reached 75.0％ in group A and 75.0％ in group B according to Criterion on Functional evaluation on Finger Reconstruction issued by Chinese society of hand surgery.There were significant differences between the two groups in operation time (P ＜ 0.05),and without differences in excellent rate (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There are same outcome by using the Hukou artery and ulnar proper digital artery of index finger to reconstruct artery supply in replantation of rotated and avulsed thumb.However,using the Hukou artery translocation were more simple and minimally invasive.