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BACKGROUND: Human dental pulp stem cells are important oral mesenchymal stem cells with strongproliferation and multidirectional differentiation functions. In-depth studies on the Human Genome Project make people gradually reali ze that functional non-coding RNAs play an extraordinary role in regulating gene expression. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the function and application of non-coding RNAs in human dental pulp stem cells. METHODS: Using “ncRNAs, human dental pulp stem cells, regenerative medicine” as keywords in English and Chinese, the first author searched PubMed, Medline, CNKI, and WanFang for relevant articles published from 2005 to 2019. Literatures unrelated to the purpose of the study and repetitive literatures were excluded, and 71 articles that meet the criteria were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It is now generally believed that non-coding RNAs can be used as a signal of specific cell state, providing prognostic value and even providing treatment options for patients. With the continuous development of regenerative medicine applications, human dental pulp stem cells are arousing increasing attentions. Exploration on the relationship between non-coding RNAs and human dental pulp stem cells provides a new approach for the clinical application of human dental pulp stem cells.
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Introducción: La introducción de las tecnologías ómicas en la práctica clínica requiere que los profesionales de la salud incorporen conocimientos al respecto. Objetivo: Evaluar los conocimientos sobre tecnologías ómicas de los médicos que inician los estudios de especialidad en el nivel secundario de atención médica. Métodos: Se aplicó un cuestionario a 53 profesionales de la salud, quienes comenzaron sus residencias médicas, tanto clínicas como quirúrgicas, en el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna" de Las Tunas, Cuba. Se indagó por cuestionario y de forma anónima acerca del conocimiento sobre las pruebas de biología molecular, genéticas y farmacogenéticas, la secuenciación del genoma y las bases de datos de información biológica disponibles en internet. Resultados: El 37,7 por ciento de los participantes no conocía acerca de las pruebas de biología molecular y solo el 3,8 por ciento refirió saber sobre la secuenciación de nueva generación. Aunque el 90,6 por ciento de los interrogados estaban al tanto de alguna prueba genética, ninguno pudo mencionar una correctamente. Solo el 20,8 por ciento declaró su conocimiento de algún gen de susceptibilidad a enfermedades. La posibilidad de secuenciar el genoma completo fue reconocida por el 49,1 por ciento de la muestra. El 90,6 por ciento de los encuestados manifestó interés en recibir información al respecto. Conclusiones: Existe un insuficiente conocimiento sobre las tecnologías ómicas en los participantes en la investigación. Se requiere capacitar a los profesionales de la salud para enfrentar la introducción de la medicina genómica en la práctica clínica, lo que puede y debe hacerse desde la formación médica inicial(AU)
Introduction: The introduction of omic technologies into the clinical practice requires that health professionals incorporate knowledge in this field. Objective: To assess the knowledge about omic technologies of the physicians who are starting their specialty studies in the secondary level of healthcare. Methods: A questionnaire was conducted on 53 health professionals who started their medical residences, both clinical and surgical, at Dr. Ernesto Guevara de la Serna General Teaching Hospital in Las Tunas, Cuba. Both anonymously and by means of the questionnaire, inquiries were made regarding the knowledge about tests in the fields of molecular biology, genetics and pharmacogenetics, about genome sequencing, and about the biological information databases available on the internet. Results: 37.7 percent of the participants did not know about molecular biology tests and only 3.8 percent reported to have some knowledge about next generation sequencing. Although 90.6 percent of the respondents were aware of some genetic test, none could mention one correctly. Only 20.8 percent declared their knowledge about some disease-susceptibility genes. The possibility of sequencing the entire genome was recognized by 49.1 percent of the sample; 90.6 percent of respondents expressed some interest in receiving information about it. Conclusions: There is insufficient knowledge about omic technologies in the research participants. It is required to train health professionals to face the introduction of genomic medicine into the clinical practice, which can and should be done from the beginning ofthe medical training(AU)
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Humans , Pharmacogenetics , Physicians , Technology , Secondary Care , Genes , Molecular BiologyABSTRACT
Resumo Além de importante tecnologia da atualidade, o Projeto Genoma Humano é estrutura política e econômica de produção e reprodução de conceito dominante de saúde. Nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa discute a garantia da autonomia e liberdade de escolha dos padrões físico-biológicos das atuais e futuras gerações em sociedade na qual esses padrões são historicamente reproduzidos por relações de poder. Para tanto, analisa-se o Projeto Genoma Humano considerando a tensão entre constitucionalismo e democracia, de modo a aproximar aportes da bioética, do biodireito e da biopolítica a partir de perspectiva crítica da sociedade. Como resultado, propõe-se, para reflexão, a institucionalização de audiências públicas baseadas no modelo de democracia deliberativa.
Abstract The Human Genome Project constitutes an important contemporary health technology, but it is also a political and economical structure which of production and reproduction of a dominant concept of health. In this perspective, this research aims to discuss the question of the guarantee of autonomy and freedom of choice of the physical-biological patterns of the future generations, in a society in which those patterns are historically reproduced by power relations. For this reason, a methodology of analysis of the Human Genome Project is used in the context of the tension between constitutionalism and democracy, in order to establish an approximation between the contributions of Bioethics, Biolaw and Biopolitics, in the context of a critical perspective of our society. As a result we propose a reflection about the institutionalisation of public hearings articulated from a model of deliberative democracy.
Resumen El Proyecto Genoma Humano constituye una importante tecnología de salud de la contemporaneidad, pero también una estructura política y económica de producción y reproducción de un concepto dominante de salud. En esa perspectiva, esta investigación tiene como objetivo discutir la cuestión de la garantía de la autonomía y de la libertad de elección de los patrones físicos y biológicos de las futuras generaciones, en una sociedad en la cual estos patrones son históricamente reproducidos por relaciones de poder. Para ello, se utiliza una metodología de análisis del PGH en el ámbito de la tensión entre constitucionalismo y democracia, de modo tal de establecer una aproximación entre los aportes de la Bioética, el Bioderecho y la Biopolítica, en el contexto de una perspectiva crítica de la sociedad. Como resultado, se propone para la reflexión la institucionalización de audiencias públicas articuladas a partir de un modelo de democracia deliberativa.
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Politics , Bioethics , Human Genome Project , DemocracyABSTRACT
Introducción: las crecientes aplicaciones clínicas de los avances en el diagnóstico genómico y en el desarrollo de fármacos a partir de la identificación de nuevas dianas moleculares, plantean la necesidad de fomentar competencias relacionadas en los profesionales de salud. Objetivo: diseminar contenidos publicados y recursos disponibles en un sitio web sobre las aplicaciones actuales o potenciales de la genómica en la práctica clínica, de utilidad en la docencia, la asistencia y la investigación. Métodos: a partir de la plataforma de blogs de Infomed se construyó un sitio web configurado con una página principal y tres bloques: noticias, créditos y recursos de información. Se incluyeron cinco páginas adicionales: inmunoinformática, otros proyectos genoma, eventos, libros y otros recursos. Se diseñaron estrategias de gestión de información científica para sostener su actualización permanente. Resultados: la relación de notas publicadas abarca diversas categorías como bases de datos, bioinformática, cáncer, capacitación, diagnóstico, farmacogenómica, medicina personalizada y tratamientos, entre otras. Se proporciona acceso a universidades, otras instituciones, bases de datos, revistas científicas, así como a libros o capítulos sobre la temática. Conclusiones: el sitio web Medicina Genómica ha sido diseñado como colección de recursos que incremente los niveles de conocimientos, despierte el interés y genere acciones para la promoción de los avances de la genómica en la práctica clínica(AU)
Introduction: The growing number in the clinical applications of genomic diagnosis advances and drug development from the identification of new molecular targets raise the need to promote related competencies in health professionals. Objective: To disseminate published contents and resources available on a website about current or potential applications of genomics in clinical practice, useful in teaching, assistance and research. Methods: From the blog platform of Infomed, a web site was constructed and configured with a main page and three blocks: news, credits and information resources. Five additional pages were included: immunoinformatics, other genome projects, events, books, and other resources. Scientific information management strategies were designed to support its ongoing updating. Results: The list of published notes covers diverse categories such as databases, bioinformatics, cancer, capacity building, diagnosis, pharmacogenomics, personalized medicine and treatments, among others. It provides access to universities, other institutions, databases, scientific journals, as well as books or chapters on the subject. Conclusions: The website on Genomic Medicine has been designed as a gathering of resources that increase knowledge levels, arouse interest and generate actions to promote the advances of genomics in clinical practice(AU)
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Genome, Human , Genomics , Information Management/methods , Professional Training , Social MediaABSTRACT
Population genetic and human genetic studies are being accelerated with genome technology and data sharing. Accordingly, in the past 10 years, several countries have initiated genetic research using genome technology and identified the genetic architecture of the ethnic groups living in the corresponding country or suggested the genetic foundation of a social phenomenon. Genetic research has been conducted from epidemiological studies that previously described the health or disease conditions in defined population. This perspective summarizes national genome projects conducted in the past 10 years and introduces case studies to utilize genomic data in genetic research.
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Humans , Humans , Epidemiologic Studies , Ethnicity , Genetic Research , Genetics , Genome , Genome, Human , Genomics , Human Genome Project , Information DisseminationABSTRACT
Population genetic and human genetic studies are being accelerated with genome technology and data sharing. Accordingly, in the past 10 years, several countries have initiated genetic research using genome technology and identified the genetic architecture of the ethnic groups living in the corresponding country or suggested the genetic foundation of a social phenomenon. Genetic research has been conducted from epidemiological studies that previously described the health or disease conditions in defined population. This perspective summarizes national genome projects conducted in the past 10 years and introduces case studies to utilize genomic data in genetic research.
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Humans , Humans , Epidemiologic Studies , Ethnicity , Genetic Research , Genetics , Genome , Genome, Human , Genomics , Human Genome Project , Information DisseminationABSTRACT
This article is a mini-review that provides a general overview for next-generation sequencing (NGS) and introduces one of the most popular NGS applications, whole genome sequencing (WGS), developed from the expansion of human genomics. NGS technology has brought massively high throughput sequencing data to bear on research questions, enabling a new era of genomic research. Development of bioinformatic software for NGS has provided more opportunities for researchers to use various applications in genomic fields. De novo genome assembly and large scale DNA resequencing to understand genomic variations are popular genomic research tools for processing a tremendous amount of data at low cost. Studies on transcriptomes are now available, from previous-hybridization based microarray methods. Epigenetic studies are also available with NGS applications such as whole genome methylation sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing. Human genetics has faced a new paradigm of research and medical genomics by sequencing technologies since the Human Genome Project. The trend of NGS technologies in human genomics has brought a new era of WGS by enabling the building of human genomes databases and providing appropriate human reference genomes, which is a necessary component of personalized medicine and precision medicine.
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Humans , Chromatin Immunoprecipitation , Computational Biology , DNA , Epigenomics , Genetics, Medical , Genome , Genome, Human , Genomics , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Human Genome Project , Methylation , Precision Medicine , Sequence Analysis, RNA , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
The diagnosis and treatment of cancer has begun to move to the age of precision medicine with the completion of the human genome project, the implementation of the cancer genome project and the application of cancer targeting drugs. This paper briefly reviewed the history from human genome project to precision medicine Initiative, the achievements of cancer genomics and targeting therapy, and finally put forward the direction of cancer study in the future.
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ABSTRACT:Precision medicine is deliberate orchestrated by Obama’s advisers,and it is based on DNA and human genome project.Double helix structure discovery and the human genome project completed are the first and the second revolution of life science.DNA sequencing and genome technology which drive precision medicine have a far-reaching influence.
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Recent rapid advances in genetic research are ushering us into the genome sequence era, where an individual's genome information is utilized for clinical practice. The most spectacular results of the human genome study have been provided by genome-wide association studies (GWASs). This is a review of the history of GWASs as related to my work. Further efforts are necessary to make full use of its potential power to medicine.
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Humans , Genetic Research , Genome , Genome, Human , Genome-Wide Association Study , HapMap Project , Human Genome ProjectABSTRACT
La biología ha evolucionado rápidamente en las últimas décadas; uno de los indicadores de este fenómeno ha sido la introducción de nuevas disciplinas, tal es el caso de la genómica que se originó en la década de los años 80 y ha dado un giro inverosímil a la ciencia moderna, dicha disciplina hace referencia al estudio no solo de los genes, sino de sus funciones, relaciones entre sí y con el medio ambiente. Surgió con la consolidación del proyecto genoma humano en un periodo de transición donde el conocimiento genético específico se tornó crítico. Se diferencia de otros enfoques (por ejemplo: la ecología, la biología evolutiva) en el tipo de información que ofrece, las perspectivas de mejoras técnicas e intelectuales en la obtención y explotación de datos de todo el ge-noma (Murray, 2000). Presentamos un breve análisis bibliométrico en el que se muestra el desarrollo y las principales tendencias de esta disciplina biológica en boga.
Biology has been revolutionized by the introduction of new disciplines, such is the case of genomics that introduced in the 80s has turned unlikely to modern science, the discipline refers to the study not only of genes but their roles, relations among themselves and with the environment. Arises, with the consolidation of the Human Genome Project and introduces us to a period of transition in which specific genetic knowledge becomes critical. Differs from other approaches in the type of information provided, the prospects for technical and intellectual improvements in the collection and use of data from the whole genome. A brief bibliometric analysis which shows the development and the main trends of this biological discipline in vogue.
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The Human Genome Project (HGP) refers to the international scientific research program, formally begun in October 1990 and completed in 2003, mainly designated to discover all the human genes, analyzing the structure of human DNA and determining the location of all human genes and also making them accessible for further biological and medical investigations. With the appropriate rationale approach, a similar study has been held in Iran. The study of human genome among Iranian ethnicities (IHGP) has been attempted formally in 2000 through a detailed and fully programmed research among all the major ethnic groups by more than 1,900 samples from all over Iran based on the main demographical and anthropological findings and formally known criteria considered for the international HGP. This paper overviewed the process of the research in the terms of program goals, primary data collection, research designation and methodology and also practical aspects and primary findings of the Iranian genome project and its progress during a nearly 5-year period.
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Codes of Ethics , Ethics Committees, Research , Ethics, Research , Genetic Variation/genetics , Human Genome Project/organization & administration , Iran , Population Groups/geneticsABSTRACT
Bioinformatics is a rapidly emerging field of biomedical research. A flood of large-scale genomic, proteomic and postgenomic data means that many of the challenges in biomedical research are now challenges in informatics. Clinical informatics has long developed technologies to improve biomedical research and clinical care by integrating experimental and clinical information systems. Biomedical informatics, powered by high throughput technologies, genomic-scale databases, and advanced clinical information system, is likely to transform our biomedical understanding forever much the same way that biochemistry did to biology a generation ago. The emergence of health and biomedical informatics revolutionizing both bioinformatics and clinical informatics will eventually change the current practice of medicine, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and prognostics.
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Biochemistry , Biology , Computational Biology , Gene Expression , Genomics , Human Genome Project , Informatics , Information Systems , Medical Informatics , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisABSTRACT
Después de breve reseña histórica que informa sobre los sorprendentes avances de la genética a partir del descubrimiento de la estructura helicoidal del DNA, el artículo centra su atención en el nacimiento de los estudios genómicos en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, las causas y condiciones que los motivaron, hasta desembocar en el multinacional Proyecto Genoma Humano. Sin olvidar la estatura científica de tal empresa, se intenta una mirada desde la perspectiva de las relaciones Norte-Sur, remitiéndonos de modo más incisivo a los aspectos éticos más controvertidos del PGH. Argumentamos que en las sociedades del Sur debemos ocuparnos en jerarquizar los principales problemas bioéticos que nos aquejan y que están aún muy distantes de los que se "encargan" al PGH . Referimos que las sociedades del Sur deben insertar en su agenda, proyecciones en Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad, entre las que el PGH no califica como una prioridad autóctona, aún cuando no descalificamos en su esencia tales megaproyectos, originados en los centros y circuitos propios de la ciencia del Norte.
Alter brief historical review that informs on the surprising advances of the genetics starting from the discovery of the spiral structure of the DNA, the article centres its attention in the birth of the genetic studies in the United Status of America, the causes and conditions that motivated them, intil ending in the I multinacional Human Genome Project without forgetting the scientific stature of such Project. It is attempted a llok from the perspective of the North-South relationships, remiting us of the more incisive way to the most controversial ethical aspects of the HPG. We argue that in the societies of the South we shoujd be in charge of organizing hierchically the main bioethical problems that we suffer and they are even very distant of those that are in charge of the HGP. We refer that the societies of the South should insert in their calendar, projections in science, technology and society among those that the HGP does not qualify like an autochthonous priority, even when we do not disquilify in its essence such megaprojects originated in the centers and circuits characteristics of the science of the North.