ABSTRACT
Background: The position of mental foramen is very important because it will be helpful to localize the importantneurovascular bundle passing through. It is a landmark to facilitate surgical, local anaesthetic and otherinvasive procedures for dental surgeons performing peri-apical surgery in the mental region of mandible.Aims & Objective: To study morphometric analysis of mental foramen in dry human mandibles.Materials and Methods: 50 dried adult human mandibles with dentition and intact alveolar margin of unknownsex were used for this study. The morphometric measurements were recorded using Vernier callipers.Results: The most commonly present position of the MF as related to the lower set of teeth was in line with thesecond premolar, Type 3 - 48 % cases on the right side and type 4 -52% cases on the left sideConclusion: The knowledge of the distances from surgically encountered anatomical landmarks in the presentstudy provide valuable information to dental surgeons that will facilitate effective localization of the neurovascularbundle passing through mental foramen, thus avoiding complications from local anaesthetic, surgical and otherinvasive procedures. The study is also of forensic significance as the position of mental foramen also helps indetermination of sex of an individual
ABSTRACT
La asimetría condilar (AC) es una alteración morfológica estructural considerada un importante factor de riesgo para los trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular. Diversas técnicas evalúan la AC, principalmente basadas en mediciones sobre radiografías panorámicas, dado su amplio uso. Sin embargo, los métodos sobre radiografías no son muy sensibles por la magnificación, distorsión, superposición de estructuras y posicionamiento mandibular. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los valores reales de los índices de asimetría condilar para una muestra normal con medición directa sobre mandíbulas humanas. Se utilizaron 30 mandíbulas humanas adultas secas pertenecientes a población chilena, y la asimetría condilar fue evaluada las técnicas de Habets y de Kjellberg, y se realizaron los análisis descriptivos de los valores promedios, desviación estándar, mínimo y máximo y los índices de asimetría/simetría de cada método. Según el índice de asimetría condilar de Habets 7 casos (un 23,3%) mostraron valores superiores a un índice de 3% de asimetría, con un rango entre 3,64 y 27,26%. Los parámetros morfológicos del lado derecho e izquierdo no mostraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05). Según el índice de simetría de Kjellberg, 19 casos (63,3%) mostraron valores inferiores al 93% y fueron clasificados como asimétricos. Los parámetros morfológicos del lado derecho e izquierdo tampoco mostraron diferencias significativas. Al comparar las asimetrías reportadas con ambos métodos, sólo en 4 casos hubo una coincidencia de diagnóstico. Al eliminar factores de distorsión y angulación en las mediciones realizadas, se confirma la existencia de asimetría vertical entre los cóndilos mandibulares del lado derecho e izquierdo, y por otra parte, es evidente que hay diferencias en los valores de asimetría debido a los diferentes métodos utilizados. Sin embargo, todavía no está claro que la asimetría condilar puede considerarse fisiológica.
The condylar asymmetry (CA) is a structural morphological alteration considered an important risk factor for temporomandibular joint disorders. CA can be evaluate by various techniques, mainly based on measurements on panoramic radiographs, given their wide use. However, the methods of x-rays are not very sensitive due to the magnification, distortion, overlapping structures and mandibular positioning. The aim of this study was to determine the values of condylar asymmetry for normal sample by direct measurement in human jaws. Thirty adult human dry mandibles belonging to Chilean population were used. The condylar asymmetry was evaluated by Habets and Kjellberg techniques, and descriptive analysis of mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, and asymmetry/symmetry indexes were performed of each method. According to the Habets' index, 7 cases (23.3 percent) showed a higher rate of 3 percent asymmetry, with a range between 3.64 percent and 27.26 percent. The morphological parameters of the right and left side showed no significant differences. According to the symmetry Kjellberg's index, 19 cases (63.3 percent) showed values lower to 93 percent and were classified as asymmetric. The morphological parameters of the right and left side also showed no significant differences (p<0.05). When comparing the asymmetries reported by both methods, only 4 cases there was diagnostic agreement. By eliminating factors of distortion and angulation on measurements, the existence vertical asymmetry between mandibular condyles of the right and left side is confirmed, and on the other hand, it is clear that there are differences in the values of the asymmetry due to the different methods used. However, it is still unclear that condylar asymmetry can be considered physiological.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Temporomandibular Joint/abnormalities , Mandibular Condyle/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
Background: The position and its morphological variations of Mental Foramen are very important because it will be helpful to localize the important maxillofacial neurovascular bundle passing through. It is landmark to facilitate surgical, local anaesthetic and other invasive procedures for dental surgeons performing peri-apical surgery in the mental region of mandible. Aims & Objective: To Study morphological and morphometric analysis of mental foramen in dry human mandibles. Material and Methods: 50 dried adult human mandibles with complete dentition and intact alveolar margin of unknown sex were used for this study. The shape of MF observed was either oval or rounded. The morphometric measurements which were recorded using Vernier callipers. Results: The most commonly present position of the MF as related to the lower set of teeth was in line with the second premolar, i.e. Type 4 (64.7 % cases on the right and 66.7 % cases on the left side). Next common position was Type 3, i.e. between the premolars (21.6% on right and 19.6% on the left sides. The mean distance between symphysis mentii and anterior margin of MF was 23.3 mm and 22.5 mm, on the right and left sides respectively. Mean distance between posterior margin of MF and posterior border of ramus was 61.3 mm on the right side and 62.5 mm on the left side. Conclusion: The present study reveals valuable insights on the information concerning the morphology of mental foramen in various populations and races. The knowledge of the distances from surgically encountered anatomical landmarks in the present study provide valuable information to dental surgeons that will facilitate effective localization of the neurovascular bundle passing through mental foramen thus avoiding complications from local anaesthetic, surgical and other invasive procedures.