ABSTRACT
Objective To estimate the indirect economic burden of disease-related premature deaths in China,2012.Methods Both human capital approach and friction cost methods were used to compute the indirect economic burden of premature deaths from the following sources:mortality from the national disease surveillance system in 2012,average annual income per capita from the China Statistic Yearbook in 2012,population size from the 2010 China census,and life expectancy in China from the World Health Organization life table.Results Data from the Human Capital Approach Estimates showed that the indirect economic burden of premature deaths in China was 425.1 billion in 2012,accounting for 8‰ of the GDP.The indirect economic burden of chronic non-communicable diseases associated premature deaths was accounted for the highest proportion (67.1％,295.4 billion),followed by those of injuries related premature deaths (25.6％,108.9 billion),infectious diseases,maternal and infants diseases,and malnutrition related deaths (6.4％,26.9 billion).The top five premature deaths that cause the indirect economic burden were malignancy,cardiovascular diseases,unintentional injuries,intentional injuries,and diseases of the respiratory system.The indirect economic burden of premature deaths mainly occurred in the population of 20-59 year-olds.Under the Friction Cost method,the estimates appeared to be 0.11％-3.49％ of the total human capital approach estimates.Conclusion Premature death caused heavy indirect economic burden in China.Chronic non-communicable diseases and injuries seemed to incur the major disease burden.The indirect economic burden of premature deaths mainly occurred in the working age group.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the applicable method for the quantitative valuation of health economic loss by environmental pollution.Methods The contingent valuation method(CVM) and human capital method were respectively used to valuate the health economic loss by air pollution in Beijing and the comparison of the results was conducted.Results In 2005,the economic benefit of main air pollutants reduction by 50% in Beijing was 2.183 billion Yuan estimated by human capital method,and it was 10.891 billion Yuan estimated by CVM.The result of CVM is 4.99 times as high as that of human capital method.Conclusion CVM is a well recommended technique which can be used to estimate the total value of health loss by environment pollution,and this empirical study proved that it is feasible to estimated health economic loss in China.Further studies are needed to improve the efficiency of evaluation.
ABSTRACT
There are multiple sophisticated approaches that can be used in estimations on health effects resulting from environmental pollution. By comparison, human capital approach and averted expenditure approach are not suitable to be the first choice because of the insufficient capability of capturing all aspects of health effects. Date availability and estimation extrapolation limit the application of hedonic wage approach and hedonic price approach. It has been accepted universally for the flexible technique provided by contingent valuation approach that any health effects can be separately evaluated depending on researchers' purposes. Based on the powerful macroeconomic theory, general equilibrium theory, the CGE model is powerful to simulate the mechanism of interaction between multi-sectors with a national economic system so as to objectively reflect the health impacts on national economy due to environmental pollution.