ABSTRACT
En los últimos años las ciencias de la vida y la salud han conseguido hitos importantes permitiendo el surgimiento la ingeniería genética, la genética médica y la genómica, ramas que plantean la necesidad de criterios científicos y técnicos basados en la conducta y labor de sus profesionales. Es así que consideramos importante reflexionar desde el punto de vista bioético los siguientes temas: Las pruebas de paternidad, que tienen como objeto determinar el vínculo genético ascendente en primer grado entre un individuo y su progenitor masculino. El tamiz de portadores que se utiliza para determinar si una persona es portadora de una enfermedad genética, suele aplicarse a heterocigotos para un gen recesivo, en reordenamientos cromosómicos. La eugenesia, concebida como una ideología social, como ciencia es la rama de la manipulación genética que estudia el perfeccionamiento de la especie humana. La clonación humana, ha demostrado que se puede reprogramar una célula diferenciada de un individuo adulto, convirtiendo una célula altamente especializada en un embrión y hacerla volver atrás en su programa genético, obteniendo así un ser idéntico al primero. Como profesionales de la salud preservamos la vida, sin olvidar que debemos tratar de ofrecer una adecuada calidad de la misma a nuestros pacientes y dentro de condiciones éticas.
Nowdays, the life and health sciences have achieved significant milestones allowing the emergence of new branches, such as genetic engineering, molecular genetics, medical genetics and genomics, which pose scientific and technical criteria to sort and conduct their professional work. Thus, we consider important to analyze and reflect from the bioethical standpoint advances in the field of human genetics, addressing the following topics: Paternity tests, studies that are intended to determine the genetic link up (kinship) in the first degree between an individual and his male parent. The carrier screening used to determine whether a person is a carrier of a genetic disease, usually applied to individuals heterozygous fora recessive gene, or individuals heterozygous fora dominant gene that do notexpress the disease and chromosomal rearrangements. Eugenics, conceived as a social ideology, is defined as improving a species, as a science is the branch of genetic engineering that studies the improvement of the human species. Human cloning is a topic that generates more discussion not only from an ethical view, but also philosophical and religious points of view, since it has been shown that you can reprogram a differentiated cell of an adult, becoming a highly specialized cell into an embryo and make it go back in their genetic program, thus obtaining identical to the first one. As health professionals, we try to preserve life, not forgetting that we should give adequate quality of life to our patients with ethical conditions.
Subject(s)
Bioethics/education , Bioethics/trendsABSTRACT
Compreender como o senso comum se apropria e reconstrói os saberes científicos é de interesse da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Esse estudo buscou compreender a gênese darepresentação da clonagem humana. Foram utilizadas duas fontes de dados: matérias publicadas na Folha de São Paulo e Veja nos anos de 1997 a 2007 e as cartas enviadas pelos leitores a essasfontes no mesmo período. Os descritores de busca foram: clone, clonagem, clonagem humana, clonagem terapêutica, engenharia genética e terapia celular com célula-tronco. Encontrou-se 952 matérias e 40 cartas. Os dados foram tratados pelo software Alceste. Os resultados mostram arepresentação da clonagem humana objetivada nos seguintes objetos: bebê clonado; vontade de ser Deus; fabricação de tecidos; pessoas doentes e ancorada em idéias religiosas, eugenistas e da cura pela ciência. Os achados apontam uma representação estruturada entre os leitores, com coesão e idéias partilhadas. Abre-se caminho para investigações sobre a formação de novas representações.
Knowing how social actors appropriate and (re)construction the scientific knowledge is of interest to the theory of social representations. This study aimed to understand the genesis of social representations of human cloning. It was used two sources of data for analysis: articles published in Folha de Sao Paulo and Veja during the period from 1997 to 2007 and the letterssent by readers of newspapers and magazines surveyed during the same period. The keywords used were: clone, cloning, human cloning, therapeutic cloning, genetic engineering and cell therapy with stem cell. It was found 952 articles and 40 letters. The database was analyzed by the Alceste.The results show a representation of human cloning objectified: cloned baby, man's desire to be God, the manufacture of tissues, sick people and anchored in ideas of a religious nature,eugenics experiences and healing through science. These findings point to a structured representation among readers, cohesion and sharing of ideas. This opens a path for future research emergence of new representations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cloning, Organism/psychology , Psychology, SocialABSTRACT
People have diverse and strongly held opinions regarding the morality of cloning humans. This debate is usually couched in religious and ethical terms. Theologians and ethicists use different arguments to arrive at the same conclusion. Religious arguments are based largely on the traditions and scriptures unique to each faith. Different religions have different attitudes towards cloning and within each faith there is diversity of opinion. Ethical arguments are based on more general guidelines for behavior that do not stem from any particular religion. Ethics usually vary more by culture than by religion. In general, society does not disagree on what is ethically wrong; rather society disagrees on how to weigh different ethical considerations. There is no consensus on the morality of human cloning, even within particular religious traditions. At the moment, science of human cloning is in the incipient stage; the risks associated with the technology are so great that virtually all people agree that there should be a blanket ban on human cloning.
Subject(s)
Human Rights , Human Rights Abuses , Humans , Religion , Religion and MedicineABSTRACT
Human cloning technology,owing to the particularity of its research objectives,has brought about tremendous effect on society since this technology arises.But we still lack the corresponding measurement concerning the behaviors of research and application all over the world.By digging deeply into the relationship among the technology,law and morality,this essay seeks to find out the accordance of carrying out research on human cloning technology,and gives a deep-going analysis of the legislation environment in China.
ABSTRACT
Currently the human reproductive cloning is developing rapidly and vigorously,which draws wide attention and arouses various ethical issues as well.Reproductive cloning may affect human sex ethics in many fields,such as sexual aesthetics,homosexuality,sexual relationship,and sex ratio,etc.Rational attitude should be kept in the face of the development of human reproductive cloning.