ABSTRACT
Skeleton is playing important role in various like Medicine, Forensic sciences, Anthropology etc. Estimation of sex, age, race, stature by skeleton and the presence of disease is discovered by Krogman and Iscan (1986). Sex is determined after death by skeletal remains of that individual by some forensic anthropologists with the help of pelvis, skull and long bones. The study was undertaken in 50 femurs for measuring epicondylar breadth, Neck shaft angle, transverse and vertical diameter of head. The results were the average meanepicondylar breadth was 75.6 ± 6.06mm, mean right epicondylar breadth was 73.96 ± 4.99mm and left it was 76.35 ± 7.0mm. The average mean neck shaft angle was 125.3 ± 6.50mm, mean right neck shaft angle was 124.44 ± 5.7mm and left it was 126.3 ± 7.33mm. The average mean transverse diameter of head was 37.86 ± 3.06mm, mean right transverse diameter of head was 37.74 ± 3.05mm and left it was 38.00 ± 3.13mm. The average mean vertical diameter of head was 42.24 ± 3.53mm, mean right vertical diameter of head was 41.63 ± 3.09mm and left it was 42.96 ± 3.92mm, Neck shaft angle ranges from a minimum of 106° to maximum 135° with a mean value of 125.3°. The knowledge of osteometric values is helpful to anthropological and forensic practice.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To know the discrepancy of rotational alignment using human femur. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 22 adult human femurs which were not able to distinguish age and sex and absent articular cartilage. In a horizontal plane, we made a cross-section perpendicularly at supra-condyle of femur to a mechanical axis and took a simple roentgenogram in coronal plane focusing on the center of transepicondylar axis. In terms of roentgenogram and gross specimen, the angle between per-pendicular to the anteroposterior axis and the posterior condylar axis, the angle between the transepi-condylar axis and the posterior condylar axis were measured by 5 observers. According to t-test in statisti-cal method, we figured out the difference between two angles and made a significance at p<0.05. RESULTS: About posterior condylar axis, the line perpendicular to anteroposterior axis was observed the average 4.8(+/-1.5)degree, 6.0(+/-1.9)degree external rotation in roentgenogram and gross specimen respectively. The transepicondylar axis was observed the average 3.5(+/-1.2)degree, 3.9(+/-1.4)degree external rotation in roentgenogram and gross specimen respectively. There was statistically significant difference between two angles. Moreover, angles measured by 5 observers were found that to have a line perpendicular to the anteroposterior axis has much more external rotation respectively and there was a statistically significant difference also. CONCLUSIONS: On determination of a rotational alignment using human femur, there is statistically sig-nificant difference between the anteroposterior axis and the transepicondylar axis in gross specimen as well as roentgenogram.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Axis, Cervical Vertebra , Cartilage, Articular , FemurABSTRACT
Human femora obtained from a cadaver of a 70-year-old man were examined by means of bone histometry, image-analysis on X-ray radiographs and a mechanical strength test in order to investigate the effects of disuse on the femora. The patient had been bedfast for seven months until his death because of an amputation of the left lower leg due to a diabetic intractable ulcer on the foot caused by a burn. Other detail records of the medical and the life-style history were also examined.<BR>A marked atrophy of the muscles of the hip and thigh was observed on the amputated side. The macroscopic shape and proportion of the femora were not significantly different between both sides. The results of bending strength test at the mid shaft, disclosed a marked mechanical fragility on the amputated side. The cortical bone area in the shaft showed no significant difference between both sides. However, the degree of bone loss was more pronounced at the anterior region of both shafts. The trabecular bone at the femoral head showed a marked atrophy on the amputated side, especially at the principal compressive group of the trabecular bone. This atrophy was thought to be due to the absence of the compressive stress because of the disuse caused by the amputation. A trabecular bone atrophy was also observed on the normal side and its degree of atrophy was greater than that of agematched values. The multiple systemic factors such as the diabetes and the bedfast condition might had influenced on the bone metabolism in this case, therefore the careful examination of the systemic conditions was required to disclose the effects of local mechanical conditions on the bone metabolism.