ABSTRACT
El servicio de Óptica y Optometría se incorporó a la Misión Barrio Adentro en el estado de Zulia en el mes de mayo de 2004, como iniciativa del Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro Ruz, con el objetivo de solucionar el problema de salud visual en aquellos pacientes que presentaban errores refractivos no corregidos que podían ser solucionados con el uso de lentes correctivos. Se le asignó como recurso humano a cada una de las 61 ópticas ubicadas en el estado 1 optometrista y 2 técnicos de Óptica, estos últimos en su mayoría, egresados de un curso intensivo de habilidades básicas en el manejo del taller de Óptica. Se realizó estudio descriptivo que deja memoria escrita del proceso llevado a cabo por la Misión Barrio Adentro en el Estado de Zulia, para la superación docente del personal de Óptica. Se obtuvo como resultado la formación de 89 técnicos básicos y 32 técnicos de nivel medio en optometría y óptica.
The optometric and optical service was included in Misión Barrio Adentro program implemented in Zulia state, Venezuela in May, 2004 at the initiative of Commander in Chief Fidel Castro Ruz. The objective was to solve the visual health problems of those patients suffering uncorrected refractive errors that may be eliminated through use of corrective lenses. One optometrist and 2 optical technicians were then appointed to work in each of the 61 optical centers located in the state; most of the technicians graduated from an intensive course of basic skill development in the handling of optical workshops. A descriptive study was conducted to leave written memories of this process and to help to the upgrading of the optical staff. The result was the formation of 89 basic technicians and 32 middle-level technicians in optometry and optics.
Subject(s)
Health Workforce , Optometry/education , Technical Cooperation , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
Se establecen las bases teóricas y metodológicas de la evaluación de las competencias profesionales del médico especialista en el marco de su desempeño laboral en las instituciones y unidades del Sistema Nacional de Salud cubano. Se puntualiza que se requiere valorar junto con los elementos de competencias, las condiciones laborales y personales requeridas para su buen desempeño. Se deben evaluar todas las funciones de este profesional en su trabajo. Su ejecución requiere identificar previamente las evidencias de cada elemento de competencia que componen cada competencia profesional. Para evaluarlas hay que verificar su cumplimiento en relación con un patrón o norma previamente establecido. El proceso se ejecuta con el pleno conocimiento de los trabajadores, y principalmente sobre la base de la observación de su desempeño laboral y de los productos del trabajo. Se exponen los diferentes momentos del proceso, así como las técnicas y procedimientos evaluativos más empleados a nivel mundial. Se definen las responsabilidades en el diseño y ejecución de la evaluación, cómo se deben analizar los resultados y cómo proceder para la certificación de la competencia laboral. Se plantea el conjunto de decisiones laborales posibles a adoptar, y se fundamenta la necesidad de evaluar el impacto de la estrategia aplicada en la calidad del servicio de salud brindado, a fin de asegurar su perfeccionamiento y extensión hacia el resto de los trabajadores de salud...
The theoretical and methodological bases for the evaluation of the professional competencies of the specialist physician were laid down within the framework of his/her performance in the health care system institutions and units of Cuba. It was underlined that the working and the individual conditions required for good performance must be assessed together with the various competency elements. Additionally, all the functions of this professional at the workplace must be evaluated, taking into account that his/her performance requires previously identifying the evidence of each competency element that makes up each professional competency. For evaluating them, it is necessary to verify their fulfillment according to a previously set pattern or standard. This evaluative process is carried out with the workers being fully aware of it, and takes into account their work performance and the results of work. The different phases of this process as well as the evaluative techniques and procedures that are most used worldwide were explained in this paper. The responsibilities involved in designing and making the evaluation, how to analyze results and how to act in order to certify a work competency were all defined. The set of possible labor decisions to be adopted were pointed out as well as the need of evaluating the impact of the applied strategy in the quality of the rendered health service was substantiated, in order to assure the improvement and spread of this methodology for evaluation of the rest of the health care workers...
Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Competence/standards , Health Human Resource Evaluation , Staff DevelopmentABSTRACT
Se presentan los fundamentos y antecedentes de la evaluación de la competencia y el desempeño laboral, tanto internacionales como en Cuba, a partir del último lustro del pasado siglo. El Ministerio de Salud Pública ha constituido la comisión nacional de competencia y desempeño, con el fin de reiniciar próximamente la evaluación del desempeño profesional sobre la base de las competencias laborales en el sistema nacional de salud. La calidad de un servicio de salud, parte en primer orden del nivel de competencia y desempeño de sus trabajadores en el cumplimiento de sus funciones laborales y sociales. En los últimos años ha surgido un elemento de alta valoración en el trabajo: el conocimiento. Este ha pasado a ser la base del trabajo humano, a tal punto que la actual ha sido llamada la sociedad del conocimiento. Por ello, la calificación profesional ya no es concebida solo como la acumulación de saberes o habilidades, sino como la capacidad de actuar, intervenir y decidir en situaciones no siempre previstas, y así internacionalmente el foco de atención se ha desplazado de las calificaciones a las competencias laborales. Una práctica laboral efectiva requiere, por tanto, de un enfoque de competencia. Es una nueva visión de las relaciones entre aprendizaje y trabajo. Se establecen y contextualizan en el sistema nacional de salud cubano las bases teóricas sobre la competencia y el desempeño laboral, así como su evaluación y certificación correspondiente
This paper presented the antecedents and fundamentals of the evaluation of competency and work performance, both in Cuba and abroad, as of the last five years of the 20th century. The Ministry of Public Health has created the national commission of competency and performance to shortly restart the evaluation of the professional performance on the basis of the work competencies in the national health system. The quality of one particular health service depends, in the first place, on the level of competency and performance of the workers to duly fulfill their work and social functions. In the last few years, a highly valued element has come out at work, which is knowledge. The latter has become the foundation of human work to the extent that the present society is called the knowledge society. Therefore, the professional qualification is not longer conceived just as the buildup of know-how and abilities, but as the capacity of the individual to act on, intervene in and decide upon something in situations that are not always predictable. Thus, the focus has internationally shifted from skills to work competencies. Effective work practice requires being competence-centered. This is a new vision of the relationship between learning and work. The Cuban health system is setting and contextualizing the theoretical basis of competency and work performance, as well as their evaluation and respective certification
Subject(s)
Educational Measurement/methods , Staff Development , Professional CompetenceABSTRACT
O processo de trabalho, a organização da rede assistencial e o conhecimento dos profissionais de seis equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre a atenção ao idoso foram investigados em três municípios do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, por meio de entrevistas e de grupos focais. Identificou-se a centralidade do trabalho dos agentes comunitários, a priorização das ações programáticas em detrimento da abordagem dos problemas da comunidade adscrita, a sobrecarga de trabalho, a desorganização das redes de saúde e a falta de abordagens sistêmicas fundamentada em conteúdos básicos da Geriatria e Gerontologia. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de uma rede de atenção ao idoso composta por serviços e níveis de atenção hierarquizados que ofereça suporte às ações das equipes. Essas, também podem se beneficiar de programas de educação permanente, sendo necessário, além disto, aumentar a oferta de conteúdos de geriatria e gerontologia nos cursos de graduação.
This study focuses on healthcare for the elderly under the Family Health Strategy in three municipalities (counties) in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, specifically analyzing the organization of the healthcare network and the knowledge of six health teams, using interviews and focus groups. The study emphasized the central role of work by community health agents, the prioritization of program activities as compared to management of problems in the community covered by the strategy, a work overload in the health teams, disorganization of the healthcare networks, and lack of systemic approaches based on the basic contents of Geriatrics and Gerontology. The article concludes that there is a need for a healthcare network for the elderly consisting of hierarchically organized services and levels of care that provide support for the healthcare teams' work. The teams could also benefit from continuing education programs. The undergraduate medical curriculum should also include more course content in geriatrics and gerontology.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Family Health , Health Services for the Aged , Primary Health Care , Brazil , Focus Groups , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Este estudo objetivou verificar as necessidades para a capacitação e aperfeiçoamento dos profissionais das equipes de saúde da família dos 31 municípios que compõe a 4ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi realizada através da aplicação de um questionário com questões objetivas, composto de duas partes: campo e núcleo de competências. Para análise dos dados obtidos, foram utilizados testes de normalidade, qui-quadrado e teste G para as atribuições fáceis e difíceis indicadas pelos profissionais. Os profissionais mostraram menores dificuldades com atribuições genéricas, relacionadas a métodos e técnicas básicas de cada área de formação. Porém, revelaram dificuldades tais como a busca de parcerias nas comunidades, estimulação da participação popular na discussão sobre direitos à saúde e o preenchimento dos formulários do SIA/SIAB. Mesmo após doze anos da criação do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF), observam-se ainda várias dificuldades em atuar de forma adequada e necessária a este novo modelo de trabalho em saúde. São propostas medidas que visam auxiliar e consolidar o PSF em seus diversos níveis.
This study had the aim to verify the necessities of training and improvement of the 4th Regional Coordination in Health of Rio Grande do Sul State family health teams. The data collection was carried out through the application of questionnaires with objective questions, composed by two parts: field and competence nucleus. For data analyses, Normality, Chi-Square and G tests were used as statistical procedures for Easy and Difficult attributions indicated by the professionals. Professionals have shown less difficulty with generic attributions, related with basic methods and techniques of each health area. However, they have revealed a lot of difficulties with attributions relating to the search of new partners in health inside communities, stimulation of the people participation in the discussion of health rights, and completion of the SIA/SIAB forms, and others. Even after 12 years of the foundation of the Family Health Program (PSF), several difficulties are still observed concerning the way to work with this new health strategy in Brazil. Proposals are made for the complete understanding and improvement of the PSF strategy.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Family Health , Government Programs , Brazil , Government Programs/education , Government Programs/standards , Health Personnel/education , Health Personnel/standards , Young AdultABSTRACT
La necesidad de formar recursos humanos en la gestión de información en salud implica disponer de una estrategia educativa útil para estos fines. La estrategia que se desarrolla en Cuba responde a las características de la Universidad Cubana: científica, tecnológica y humanista, con un fuerte compromiso social. Basado en este modelo se presenta una estrategia educativa que tiene en cuenta las necesidades de las competencias y el desempeño que se requieren en el personal de la salud para el tratamiento de la información. Se muestra sus ejes de formación, arquitectura y características del diseño. La estrategia propuesta prevé los procesos capacitantes o de habilitación en los servicios, la formación básica o de pregrado y define diferentes figuras educativas para el perfeccionamiento, la especialización y maestría de estos profesionales; es integral y pertinente y contribuye a obtener un graduado de perfil amplio, competente en las disciplinas de informática, estadísticas sanitarias, información científica y otras. Esta estrategia educativa se aplica en el marco del desarrollo del sector de la salud y de la sociedad cubana con amplio apoyo y voluntad política y finalmente garantiza el recurso humano requerido en cada puesto de trabajo, así como sistemas informáticos integrados para una adecuada gestión de la información en el sector.
The need for the formation of human resources in health information management implies the availability of a useful educational strategy to these ends. The strategy followed by Cuba responds to the characteristics of the Cuban university, that is, scientific, technological, humanistic and socially compromised. On the basis of this model, an educational strategy was submitted, which takes into account the competencies and performance that the health care staff requires for information processing. The axes of formation, architecture and design characteristics were presented. The suggested strategy foresees the enabling processes at service, the basic or undergraduate formation, defines the various educational figures for upgrading, specialization and master's degree of these professionals; it is comprehensive and relevant and contributes to the formation of a broad profile graduate who is very competent in informatics, health statistics, scientific information and other branches. This educational strategy is implemented as part of the development of the health care sector and of the Cuban society, with wide political support, and finally it assures the required human resources for each work post as well as the integral informatics systems to attain suitable health information management.
Subject(s)
Humans , Knowledge , Information Management/education , Information ManagementABSTRACT
El desarrollo de la Psicología de la Salud en Cuba ha constituido un reflejo de las transformaciones de la sociedad con los cambios revolucionarios, la organización del Sistema Nacional de Salud y la maduración del pensamiento y la actuación del psicológo, antecedentes que permitieron introducir el trabajo de este profesional, en instituciones del nivel primario, modificar la concepción de su papel en los hospitales con su inserción, no sólo en psiquiatría, sino en todos los servicios, y ampliar su participación en la atención al proceso salud-enfermedad. Estas condiciones impusieron la necesidad de superación posgraduada y la formación especializada y académica de los profesionales de la psicología, especialmente en la rama de Psicología de la Salud. La formación de recursos humanos en esta disciplina, dentro del sector de la salud, se ha logrado en forma escalonada con la aprobación de tres figuras formativas: la Maestría en Psicología de la Salud en 1993, la Especialidad en Psicología de la Salud en 1995 y la Licenciatura en Psicología, Mención Salud en el año 2004; procesos que conducen a la existencia de un sistema de formación en Psicología de la Salud de alcance nacional en la Universidad Médica de Cuba.
The development of health psychology in Cuba has reflected the changes occurred in the society due to the revolutionary transformations, the organization of the national health care system and the maturing of the way of thinking and performance of the psychologist. These antecedents allowed introducing the work of this professional into the primary care institutions and modifying the concept of the role of this specialist in the hospital setting through his/her insertion not only in psychiatry but in every service, and extending his/her participation in the care of the health-disease process. The above-mentioned conditions imposed the need of postgraduate education and specialized and academic formation of psychology professionals, particularly in the health psychology branch. The training of these human resources within the health care sector has been gradually carried out thanks to the approval of three formative courses, that is, Master´s degree in Health Psychology in 1993; the specialty of Health Psychology in 1995 and Bachelor´s degree in Psychology, Health Mention, in 2004. All these processes lead to the existence of a formative system of health psychology nationwide in the Cuban medical university.