Antinociceptive Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus Leaf in Rats.

Aims: To test the hypothesis that Hybanthus enneaspermus leaf has an antinociceptive effect. Methodology: Seventy-two male rats were randomly divided in a blinded fashion into 4 groups each for the tail immersion test (n=12 per group) and formalin test (n=6 per group). Group 1 (control) received 0.6 ml of distilled water. Group 2 received 100 mg/kg of acetaminophen (paracetamol). Group 3 and 4 received 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of ethanolic extract of Hybanthus enneaspermus leaf (EEHE) respectively. Results: In the formalin test, oral administration of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg EEHE caused inhibitions of 62.48% and 72% in the early phase and 70.54% and 78.63% in the late phase respectively. The 1000 mg/kg dose significantly reduced the paw licking time when compared to the standard drug (acetaminophen) in the formalin test. The 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg doses significantly increased the tail flick latency in a manner comparable to acetaminophen. Conclusion: This study showed that the leaf has an anti-nociceptive effect.

Regulation of Acrylamide Induced µ-Class Glutathione-S-Transferases in Mice Testis by the Treatment of Hybanthus Enneaspermus Active Principles.

The present study was aimed to analyse the effect of acrylamide and Hybanthus enneaspermus leaf extract active principles on mice testis glutathione-s-transferases (GST; EC 2.5.1.18). These enzymes play a role in biotransformation of electrophilic compounds that cause damage to cells by conjugating with the substrate glutathione. Hybanthus enneaspermus, a spade flower, is an erect shrub of violaceae family, having free radical scavenging activity. Acrylamide is a known neurotoxicant that cause damage to almost all cells including liver, testis, brain and kidney. The GSTs purified from mice testis using glutathionyl linked agarose affinity chromatography were analyzed by using SDS-PAGE and were resolved into four sub units i.e. Yc, Yb, Yβ &Yδ. Also these subunits expression were confirmed by western blot analysis. During experimentation to analyze the effect of Hybanthus enneaspermus active principle (HE) mice were subjected to both acrylamide (AC) and also mixture of HE and AC. This exposure significantly altered the specific activity of mice GSTs in testis. Polyclonal antibodies produced against purified GSTs of mice testis on immunoblot analysis showed significant increase of μclass GSTs (Yb & Yβ) based on dose and time dependent manner. Therefore the present research of Hybanthus enneaspermus treatment on mice testis showed that, regulation of synthesis of μ-GSTs was depending on the dose of acrylamide concentration and also the active principles of HE. Hence it is proposed that μ-GSTs may be used as tumour markers for testis carcinoma, since their production is variable due to the increased dose concentration of synthetic chemical acrylamide and its regulation by plant product, HE.

Evaluation of in vitro aldose reductase inhibitory potential of different fraction of Hybanthus enneaspermus Linn F. Muell

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the aldose reductase inhibitory (ARI) activity of different fractions of Hybanthus enneaspermus for potential use in diabetic cataract.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total phenol and flavonoid content of different fractions was determined. ARI activity of different fractions in rat lens was investigated in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed significant level of phenolic and flavonoid content in ethyl acetate fraction [total phenol (212.15±0.79 mg/g), total flavonoid (39.11±2.27 mg/g)] and aqueous fraction [total phenol (140.62±0.57 mg/g), total flavonoid (26.07±1.49 mg/g)] as compared with the chloroform fraction [total phenol (68.56±0.51 mg/g), total flavonoid (13.41±0.82 mg/g)] and petrolium ether fraction [total phenol (36.68±0.43 mg/g), total flavonoid (11.55±1.06 mg/g)]. There was a significant difference in the ARI activity of each fraction, and it was found to be the highest in ethyl acetate fraction [IC50 (49.26±1.76 µg/mL)] followed by aqueous extract [IC50 (70.83±2.82 µg/mL)] and it was least in the petroleum ether fraction [IC50 (118.89±0.71 µg/mL)]. Chloroform fraction showed moderate activity [IC50 (98.52±1.80 µg/mL)].</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Different fractions showed significanct amount of ARI activity, where in ethyl acetate fraction it was found to be maximum which may be due to its high phenolic and flavonoid content. The extract after further evaluation may be used in the treatment of diabetic cataract.</p>

Potential wound healing activity of the different extract of Typhonium trilobatum in albino rats

Objective: To establish the wound healing activity of methanolic, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of plant of Typhonium trilobatum. Methods: Two models were performed to evaluate the wound healing activity i.e. excision and incision models. In incision model the parameter which is carried out was breaking strength of the wounded skin. In excision model the percentage wound contraction and period of epithelialization were established for three extracts. Reference standard drug was povidone iodine ointments for comparison with other groups. Results: From the observation in both two models, methanolic and ethyl acetate extract were found greater wound healing activity than chloroform extract in terms of breaking strength in incision model and percentage wound contraction, period of epithelialization in excision model than that of other groups. Conclusions: The results indicate that the different extracts of Typhonium trilobatum has significant wound healing activity.