Coexistencia de sarcoma pulmonar y quiste hidatídico / Coexistence of pulmonary sarcoma and hydatid cyst

Resumen Se presenta el caso de un paciente que consultó por tos, evidenciándose en los estudios de imagen una masa en el lóbulo inferior del pulmón derecho. En la broncoscopía se observó una formación endobronquial, blanquecina, irregular, de la que se aspiraron membranas blanquecinas; del material aspirado se tomaron biopsias que se enviaron para su análisis. Con el estudio cito e histopatológico se diagnosticó hidatidosis pulmonar coexistente con un sarcoma. En nuestra zona la hidatidosis continúa siendo frecuente y su localización pulmonar es, junto a la hepática, las dos formas de presentación más comunes. La complicación habitual es la rotura del quiste con la eventual siembra y la infección del mismo. En este caso se pone de manifiesto la coe xistencia de hidatidosis con un sarcoma pulmonar, hecho del que solo conocemos un informe, reportado hace más de cincuenta años. Motiva la publicación lo extremadamente infrecuente de esta asociación, resaltando la importancia de efectuar estudios histopatológicos aun cuando la sospecha clínica y de las imágenes orienten a la hidatidosis.

Abstract We present the case of a patient who consulted for cough, showing a mass in the lower lobe of the right lung on imaging studies. Bronchoscopy revealed an irregular, whitish endobronchial formation, from which whitish membranes were aspirated. Biopsies were taken from the aspirated material and sent for analysis Based on the cyto and histopathological study, pulmonary hydatid disease coexisting with a sarcoma was diagnosed. In our area, hydatid disease continues to be frequent and its pulmonary location is, together with the hepatic, the two most common forms of presentation. The usual complication is the rupture of the cyst with the eventual seeding and its infection. In this case, the coexistence of hydatid disease with a pulmonary sarcoma was revealed, a fact of which we only know of one report, more than fifty years ago. The publication is motivated by the extremely infrequent nature of this association, highlighting the importance of carrying out histopathological studies even when clinical and imaging suspicion points to hydatid disease.

Hidatidosis quística simulando una neoplasia hepática invasiva / Cystic hydatidosis simulating an invasive hepatic neoplasia

La hidatidosis/equinococosis quística es una infección zoonótica, endémica en muchos países de América del Sur, caracterizada por lesiones hepáticas que radiológicamente pueden simular neo-plasias malignas de aspecto quístico y que, dependiendo del tiempo de evolución y del grado de obstrucción de la vía biliar, pueden cursar con insuficiencia hepática, por lo cual es importante un diagnóstico oportuno. Presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 35 años, sin antecedentes patológicos de importancia, perteneciente a una comunidad indígena y residente de una zona rural de Colombia, quien presentó un cuadro clínico y pruebas de laboratorio sugestivos de obstrucción de la vía biliar, la cual fue confirmada con el hallazgo de una masa hepática quística infiltrante en los estudios imagenológicos, sospechándose inicialmente una etiología neoplásica maligna. El paciente finalmente falleció tras procedimiento quirúrgico, y su estudio histopatológico reveló una hidatidosis quística como diagnóstico definitivo.

Cystic echinococcosis/hydatidosis is a zoonotic infection, endemic in many South American coun-tries, characterized by liver lesions that radiologically can simulate malignant neoplasms with a cystic appearance, and depending on the time of progression and degree of obstruction of the bile duct, can present with liver failure, so a prompt diagnosis is important. We present the case of a 35-year-old male patient, with no significant pathological history, from an indigenous community and resident of a rural area in Colombia, who presented clinical symptoms and laboratory tests suggestive of bile duct obstruction, which was confirmed with the finding of an infiltrating cystic liver mass in imaging studies, initially suspecting a malignant neoplastic etiology. The patient developed a fulminant course after surgery, and the histopathological study revealed cystic hydatidosis as the definitive diagnosis.

Hydatid cyst involving the mandible ramus

ABSTRACT Parasitic infections rarely involve the oral and maxillofacial regions and pose a diagnostic challenge when they do. Hydatid cysts are parasitic cysts caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Intraosseous involvement is observed in 3% of cases, of which only 2-6% are in the maxillofacial region. A scientific literature search revealed only seven cases involving the mandible. We report a rare case in a 16-year-old female patient who presented with facial asymmetry and well-defined radiolucency of the ramus. Our findings will help in understanding the diagnostic issues caused by non-specific presentation and difficulties in suspecting such a rare diagnosis as echinococcosis of the oral or maxillofacial region. A thorough systemic investigation is essential as 20-30% of these cases show multiorgan involvement.

Estudio morfocuantitativo de protoescólices y otras estructuras fundamentales de Echinococcus granulosus en hospederos humanos / Morphoquantitative study of protoscolices and other fundamental structures of Echinococcus granulosus in human hosts

La equinococosis quística (EQ) a pesar de ser una enfermedad endémica en diversos lugares del planeta, presenta pocos estudios morfológicos y cuantitativos de las estructuras fundamentales del Echinococcus granulosus en humanos, en especial de los protoescólices. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar morfocuantitativamente protoescólices y otras estructuras fundamentales de E. granulosus obtenidos de hospederos humanos. Estudio de corte transversal. Se estudiaron 8 especímenes de EQ hepática humana, aplicando un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se evaluó las capas quísticas, el líquido y la arenilla hidatídica. Las capas fueron fijadas en formaldehido tamponado a 10 % y procesadas para su inclusión en paraplast. Se realizaron cortes de 5 µm de grosor y fueron teñidas con H-E para su análisis con microscopía óptica. El líquido y arenilla fueron centrifugados y al sedimento obtenido se le realizó análisis directo para determinar las medidas morfométricas de los protoescólices y de los ganchos grandes y pequeños. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. De los 8 quistes estudiados, 6 eran quistes univesicular, uno multivesicular y un quiste abscedado, cuyas capas laminada y germinativa se encontraban bien definidas. Las vesículas prolígeras presentaban forma redondeada con protoescólices en su interior. Los protoescólices invaginados presentaron un largo y ancho promedio de 140,8 ± 34,3 µm y 106,2 ± 29,5 µm, respectivamente; y los desarrollados un largo de 237,2 ± 53,0 µm y ancho de 128,7 ± 32,0 µm. Los ganchos rostelares presentaron contornos suaves distribuidos en dos filas regulares. El promedio del largo total de los ganchos grandes y pequeños fue 20,1 ± 2,7 µm; el promedio del ancho total fue 7,4 ± 1,2 µm. En conclusión, las características morfocuantitativas de los ganchos de E. granulosus en humanos, son distintos a otras especies hospederas intermediarias y de otros Echinococcus spp. Es posible que el abandono del estado de resistencia de los protoescólices invaginado hasta su desarrollo genere implicancias epidemiológicas de interés.

SUMMARY: Although cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in several parts of the world, few morphological and quantitative studies of the fundamental structures of Echinococcus granulosus in humans, especially protoscolices. The aim of this study was to perform a morphoquantitative analysis of protoescolex and other fundamental structures of E. granulosus from human hosts. Cross- sectional study. Eight human hepatic EQ specimens were studied, applying non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Cystic layers, fluid and hydatid grit were evaluated. The layers were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde and processed for embedding in paraplast. Slices of 5 µm thickness were made and stained with H-E for light microscopic analysis. The liquid and grit were centrifuged and the sediment obtained was analyzed directly to determine the morphometric measurements of the protoscolices and the large and small hooks. Descriptive statistics were used. Of the 8 cysts studied, 6 were univesicular cysts, one multivesicular and one abscessed cyst, whose lamellar and germinative layers were well defined. The proligerous vesicles had a rounded shape with protoscolices inside. The invaginated protoscolices had an average length and width of 140.8 ± 34.3 µm and 106.2 ± 29.5 µm, respectively; and the developed ones had a length of 237.2 ± 53.0 µm and width of 128.7 ± 32.0 µm. The rostellar hooks presented smooth contours distributed in two regular rows. The average total length of the large and small hooks was 20.1 ± 2.7 µm; the average total width was 7.4 ± 1.2 µm. In conclusion, the morphoquantitative characteristics of E. granulosus hooks in humans are distinct from other intermediate host species and from other Echinococcus spp. It is possible that the abandonment of the resistance state of the invaginated protoscolices until their development generates epidemiological implications of interest.

Compresión medular por quiste hidático de partes blandas: reporte de un caso / Compression of the bone marrow caused by hydatid cyst of the soft tissues: a case report from Sociedad Médica Universal / Compressão da medula espinhal devido a cisto hidático de partes moles: relato de um caso

El quiste hidatídico en Uruguay continúa siendo un problema de salud pública. A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados en prevención primaria y secundaria, es una patología con alta incidencia. La hidatidosis de partes blandas es infrecuente. Su incidencia se estima en 0,5% a 5,3%. El objetivo de esta publicación es presentar un caso clínico de un paciente portador de una compresión medular, producto de una hidatidosis muscular lumbar complicada, hecho extremadamente infrecuente. Los sitios más frecuentes de infestación por equinococosis hidatídica son hígado (75%), pulmones (15%) cerebro (2-4%) tracto genitourinario (2%-3%). La afectación espinal ocurre en menos del 1%. Los síntomas de compresión no son habituales, pero es una de las posibles complicaciones, hecho que motiva la publicación del caso clínico.

Summary: Hydatid cyst continues to be a public health problem in Uruguay despite efforts made in primary and secondary prevention, and in fact, its incidence is high. Hydatid cyst of the soft tissues is rather unusual. Estimated incidence ranges between 0.5 and 5.3%. The study aims to present the clinical case of a patient carrier of bone marrow compression caused by a complicated lumbar hydatid cyst, something significantly rare. Liver (75%), lungs (15%), brain (2-4%), genitourinary tract (2-3%) are the most frequent sites where hydatid cyst is found. Spinal cord compromise occurs in less than 1%. Compression symptoms are not frequent, although it is one of the potential complications, what resulted in the clinical case being published.

O cisto hidático continua sendo um problema em nível de saúde pública no Uruguai, mesmo com os esforços realizados na prevenção primária e secundária, sendo uma patologia com alta incidência. A hidatidose dos tecidos moles é rara; sua incidência é estimada em 0,5% a 5,3%. O objetivo desta publicação é apresentar o caso clínico de um paciente com compressão medular, produto de uma complicada doença hidática muscular lombar, evento extremamente raro. Os locais mais frequentes de infestação por equinococose hidática são fígado (75%), pulmões (15%), cérebro (2-4%) e trato geniturinário (2-3%). O envolvimento da coluna ocorre em menos de 1% dos casos. Os sintomas de compressão não são comuns, mas é uma das possíveis complicações e motivo da publicação deste caso clínico.

Hidatidosis pulmonar: comparación de los resultados de la cirugía con y sin capitonaje mediante Propensity Score Matching / Pulmonary hydatidosis: comparison results of surgery with capitonnage versus surgery without capitonnage using Propensity Score Matching

Resumen Introducción: El tratamiento de elección del Quiste Hidatídico Pulmonar (QHP) es la resección quirúrgica. Actualmente, existe controversia sobre la superioridad de la cirugía con capitonaje (CC) versus la cirugía sin capitonaje (SC). Objetivo: Comparar los resultados de la cirugía conservadora CC y SC mediante Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Materiales y Método: Se realizó un estudio analítico retrospectivo de los pacientes con QHP tratados quirúrgicamente en el Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente, Concepción, Chile; entre enero-1995 y diciembre-2018. Se realizó un PSM con una relación 1:1 entre los pacientes operados con la técnica CC y SC. Posterior al PSM se balancearon las características basales. Resultados: Total 205 episodios de QHP en el período. Se realizó cirugía conservadora en 165 casos, 101 CC y 64 SC. Posterior al emparejamiento se obtuvieron 53 pacientes operados CC y 53 SC. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la presencia de fuga aérea persistente (CC = 9,4%; SC = 11,3%, p 0,75), empiema (CC = 3,8%; SC = 0%, p 0,49), días con pleurotomía (CC = 9,1 ± 8,9; SC 10,1 ± 10,7, p 0,39, mediana 6 versus 6 días, respectivamente), ni días de estadía posoperatoria (CC = 10,4 ± 9,0; SC = 11,7 ± 11,9, p 0,22, mediana 7 versus 7 días, respectivamente). Conclusiones: La cirugía SC demostró resultados comparables a la técnica CC en el tratamiento quirúrgico conservador del QHP.

Background: The treatment of choice for Pulmonary Hydatid Cys (PHC) is surgical resection. There is currently controversy about the superiority of surgery with capitonage (SC) versus surgery without it (SWC). Aim: To compare the results of conservative surgery with capitonnage and versus surgery without capitonnage using Propensity Score Matching (PSM). Materials and Method: A retrospective analytical study was carried out with patients with PHC treated surgically at the Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital, Concepción, Chile, between January-1995 and December-2018. A PSM was performed with a 1:1 ratio. Results: Conservative surgery was done in 165 cases, 101 SC and 64 SWC. After matching, 53 SC and 53 SWC operated patients were obtained. No significant differences were observed in the presence of persistent air leak (9.4% vs11.3%, SC vs SWC respectively, p 0.75), empyema (3.8% vs 0%, p 0.49), days with pleurotomy (9.1 ± 8.9 vs 10.1 ± 10.7, p 0.39), nor days of postoperative stay (10.4 ± 9.0 vs 11.7 ± 11.9, p 0.22). Conclusión: The SWC demonstrated comparable results to the SC technique in the conservative surgical treatment of PHC.

Disseminated Abdominal Echinococcosis: Case Report / Equinococosis abdominal diseminada: reporte de caso

Abstract We describe a case of disseminated abdominal hydatid disease in a 21-year-old man who presented with clinical symptoms of persistent abdominal pain after abscess drainage post-appendectomy. The images showed multiple cystic lesions in the peritoneum, liver, and spleen. Due to pain exacerbation, the patient was taken to laparotomy. Multiple cystic lesions scattered throughout the abdominal cavity were observed, which were diagnosed by histopathology as multiple cystic lesions due to peritoneal and abdominal echinococcosis.

Resumen Se realiza la descripción de un caso de hidatidosis abdominal diseminada de un hombre de 21 años, quien consultó por cuadro clínico de dolor abdominal persistente después de un drenaje de absceso luego de una apendicetomía. Las imágenes mostraron múltiples lesiones quísticas en peritoneo, hígado y bazo. Por exacerbación del dolor, el paciente se lleva a laparotomía, donde se evidenciaron múltiples lesiones quísticas diseminadas en toda la cavidad abdominal, que se diagnosticaron a la histopatología como lesiones quísticas múltiples por equinococosis peritoneal y abdominal.

Exosomes and cystic echinococcosis: systematic review / Exosomas y equinococosis quística: revisión sistemática

SUMMARY: Exosomes are small and single-membrane secreted organelles, up to 200 nm in diameter that have the same topology as the cell, but are enriched in proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and glycoconjugates. It can be found in any type of body fluids such as plasma, urine, saliva, sperm, bile, etc. On the other hand, cystic Echinococcosis (CE) has been studied from different points of view, among others, from genomics and proteomics, and the presence of CE exosomes in humans and other intermediate hosts has been reported in very few articles. The aim of this review was to report the evidence available regarding exosomes and CE. Systematic review. Data sources: Trip Database, SciELO, WoS, MEDLINE, EMBASE and SCOPUS. Eligibility criteria: Studies related to CEin any type of host and state of the parasite, without language restriction, published between 1966-2021. Variables: Year of publication, geographical origin, species isolated, location of exosomes. Forty-two studies were initially identified. After scrutinizing titles and abstracts, checking duplications and in-depth analysis of the studies selected, 12 articles including human, bovine, sheep, dog samples were also included. All were case reports or case series. The highest proportion of articles was published between 2019 and 2021 (58.3 %). Publications were predominantly from China (58.3 %). Evidence about exosomes and CE is scarce and reduced range of articles and cases.

RESUMEN: Los exosomas son orgánulos pequeños y secretados por una sola membrana, de hasta 200 nm de diámetro que tienen la misma topología que la célula, pero están enriquecidos en proteínas, ácidos nucleicos, lípidos y glicoconjugados. Se puede encontrar en cualquier tipo de fluidos corporales como plasma, orina, saliva, esperma, bilis, etc. Por otro lado, la equinococosis quística (CE) ha sido estudiada desde diferentes puntos de vista, entre otros, desde la genómica y proteómica, y la presencia de exosomas de CE en humanos y otros huéspedes intermediarios se ha informado en muy pocos artículos. El objetivo de esta revisión fue informar la evidencia disponible con respecto a los exosomas y la CE. Revisión sistemática. Fuentes de datos: Trip Database, SciELO, WoS, MEDLINE, EMBASE y SCOPUS. Criterios de elegibilidad: Estudios relacionados con la EC en cualquier tipo de hospedador y estado del parásito, sin restricción de idioma, publicados entre 1966-2021. Variables: año de publicación, origen geográfico, especie aislada, ubicación de exosomas. Se identificaron inicialmente 42 estudios. Después de examinar los títulos y resúmenes, verificar las duplicaciones y analizar en profundidad los estudios seleccionados, se incluyeron 12 artículos que incluían muestras de humanos, bovinos, ovinos y caninos. Todos fueron informes de casos o series de casos. La mayor proporción de artículos se publicó entre 2019 y 2021 (58,3 %). Las publicaciones fueron predominantemente de China (58,3 %). La evidencia sobre exosomas y CE es escasa y la gama de artículos y casos es reducida.

Distribución y factores de riesgo de equinococosis quística humana en Aysén 2010-2016 / Distribution and risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis in Aysén 2010-2016

INTRODUCCIÓN: En Chile, la equinococosis quística o hidatidosis es endémica a lo largo de todo el país e hiperendémica en algunas regiones como La Araucanía y Aysén y sigue siendo un problema de salud pública desatendido. OBJETIVO: Estimar el riesgo de hidatidosis humana en Aysén, estudiando la relación de las notificaciones y egresos con factores sociales y ambientales, tales como población, índice de pobreza multidimensional, urbanización, temperatura media, precipitación media y población ganadera ovina. METODOLOGÍA: Se utilizaron regresiones de Poisson para estudiar los factores asociados a enfermedades de notificación obligatoria y egresos y el modelo Besag-York-Mollie para el riesgo relativo. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: Aysén tiene un alto riesgo de hidatidosis humana, entre 2 y 19 veces el esperado para la región. Se encontró una importante sub-notificación de casos. El modelo de los egresos hospitalarios tuvo un buen ajuste mostrando la influencia positiva de la población humana y ovina y el efecto positivo de la temperatura. También se detectó un efecto del índice de pobreza multidimensional sobre los casos y egresos hospitalarios, que es principalmente afectado por la educación y de condiciones de trabajo. Exceptuando la comuna de O'Higgins, las zonas de mayor riesgo corresponden al cordón oriental de la Región de Aysén.

BACKGROUND: In Chile, cystic echinococcosis is endemic throughout the country and hyperendemic in some regions such as La Araucanía and Aysén and continues to be a neglected public health problem. AIM: To estímate the risk of human hydatidosis in Aysén, studying the relationship of notifications and hospital discharge rates with social and environmental factors, such as population, multidimensional poverty index, urbanization, average temperature, average rainfall and sheep population. METHODS: Poisson regressions were used to study the factors associated with notifiable diseases and hospital discharge rates and the Besag-York-Mollie model for relative risk. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Aysén has a high risk, between 2 and 19 times that expected for the region. A significant underreporting of cases was found. The model of hospital discharges had a good fit showing the positive influence of the human and bovine population and the positive effect of temperature. An effect of the multidimensional poverty index was also detected, which is mainly affected by education and working conditions. Excepting one locality, the areas of greatest risk correspond to the eastern cordon of the Aysén region.

Enfermedad hidatídica en un paciente con vólvulo de colon transverso estrangulado / Hydatid Disease in a Patient with Strangulated Volvulus of the Transverse Colon

Introducción: La hidatidosis es una zoonosis de distribución mundial con alta incidencia en Argentina, Uruguay, Australia, Grecia y Portugal. Dada la escasa sintomatología que habitualmente produce la enfermedad hidatídica, su diagnóstico se realiza de manera casual por estudios radiológicos fortuitos o durante una laparotomía por otras causas. Por otra parte, la volvulación del colon transverso es un evento raro en la población mundial. Objetivo: Analizar, basados en la literatura relacionada, un caso portador de ambas entidades simultáneamente. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo masculino de 64 años con condiciones de vida deficientes, que acude a consulta por presentar cuadro clínico de oclusión intestinal mecánica. Los estudios preoperatorios muestran un quiste hidatídico en pulmón derecho. En el acto operatorio se encuentra otro quiste hidatídico en el lóbulo izquierdo del hígado y el colon transverso volvulado como causa de la oclusión. Conclusiones: Pocas veces coinciden 2 condiciones médicas infrecuentes en un mismo paciente. Ambas entidades suponen un reto terapéutico cuando se abordan en situaciones de urgencia como en el reporte. En zonas endémicas debe tenerse una alta sospecha clínica con el fin de obtener un diagnóstico adecuado y poder ofrecer un manejo oportuno. La cirugía, en la mayor proporción de pacientes, es prioritaria(AU)

Introduction: Hydatidosis is a worldwide distribution zoonosis with high incidence in Argentina, Uruguay, Australia, Greece and Portugal. Given the scarce symptoms usually produced by hydatid disease, its diagnosis is made inadvertently by fortuitous radiological studies or during laparotomy for other causes. On the other hand, transverse colon volvulus is a rare event in the world population. Objective: To analyze, based on the related literature, the case of a patient with both entities simultaneously. Clinical case: A 64-year-old male patient with poor living conditions came to the medical office due to a clinical picture of mechanical intestinal obstruction. Preoperative studies show a hydatid cyst in the right lung. During the operative act, another hydatid cyst is found in the left lobe of the liver, apart from the transverse colon volvulus due to the occlusion. Conclusions: Rarely do two infrequent medical conditions coincide in the same patient. Both entities pose a therapeutic challenge when they are approached in emergency situations, as they have been reported here. In endemic areas, a high clinical suspicion must be considered, in order to obtain an adequate diagnosis and be able to offer timely management. Surgery, in the largest proportion of patients, is a priority(AU)

Quiste hidático primario músculo-esquelético: revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso / Primary hydatid cyst of skeletal muscle: a literature review based on a case / Cisto hidático primário músculo esquelético: revisão da literatura a propósito de um caso

Resumen: Introducción: la equinococosis quística músculo-esquelética es poco frecuente, pudiendo determinar retrasos diagnósticos y errores terapéuticos. Reporte de caso: presentamos el caso de un paciente con un quiste hidático primario único a nivel de la región femoral posterior derecha, infectado. Discusión: se realizó una revisión en las bases de datos PubMed y LILACS sobre el diagnóstico y manejo terapéutico de los quistes hidáticos músculo-esqueléticos primarios. Conclusiones: la equinococosis quística músculo-esquelética debe ser tenida en cuenta dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales de tumoraciones de partes blandas en pacientes provenientes de zonas endémicas. La tomografía computada y/o resonancia magnética cumplen un rol diagnóstico y de planificación terapéutica. El tratamiento es quirúrgico, a medida del paciente y del quiste, en función de su topografía, tamaño y fundamentalmente relaciones vasculo nerviosas y musculares. Otros factores a tener en cuenta son las futuras secuelas funcionales y resultados estéticos.

Summary: Introduction: musculoskeletal cystic echinococcosis is rather an unusual condition, what may result in delayed diagnosis and therapeutic mistakes. Case report: the study presents the case of a patient with a single primary hydatid cyst in the right posterior femoral region, which is infected. Discussion: a review of PubMed and LILACS was performed to learn about diagnosis and therapeutic handling of the primary musculoskeletal hydatid cysts. Conclusions: musculoskeletal cystic echinococcosis needs to be considered among differential diagnosis of soft tissues tumors in patients coming from endemic areas. A CT scan and RMI play an important role in diagnosis and the planning of treatment. Treatment involves surgery that must be adapted to the patient and the cyst, considering its topography and size, and in particular in view of muscular and nervous vessels relationship. Other factors to bear in mind are renal sequels and esthetic aspects.

Resumo: Introdução: a equinococose cística musculoesquelética é rara e pode determinar atrasos em seu diagnóstico e erros terapêuticos. Relato do caso: apresentamos o caso de uma paciente com cisto hidrático primário único ao nível da região femoral posterior direita, infectado. Discussão: foi realizada uma revisão nas bases de dados PubMed e LILACS sobre o diagnóstico e manejo terapêutico dos cistos hidráticos osteomusculares primários. Conclusões: a equinococose cística musculoesquelética deve ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial de tumores de partes moles em pacientes de áreas endêmicas. A tomografia computadorizada e / ou a ressonância magnética desempenham um papel no planejamento diagnóstico e terapêutico. O tratamento é cirúrgico, adaptado ao paciente e ao cisto, dependendo de sua topografia, tamanho e, fundamentalmente, das relações vascular-nervosas e musculares. Outros fatores a serem considerados são as sequelas funcionais futuras e os resultados estéticos.

Advanced Form of Hepatopulmonary Hydatidosis in a Child: Case Report

ABSTRACT Hepatopulmonary hydatidosis (HPH) is a very rare condition in children with a prevalence of 11%. An 8-year-old girl with advanced HPH was successfully treated in our institution without complications. The coexistence of large numbers of high hydatid cyst makes this case very unusual and interesting.

Management Strategies of Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst - A Prospective Observational Study

Introduction: Cystic echinococcosis better known as “hydatidcyst disease”, is caused by the helminth Echinococcusgranulosus. It has a worldwide distribution and is extremelycommon in the Indian Subcontinent. Lung is the second mostcommon organ of involvement after liver. In the present studywe aimed to clinically evaluate this disease and understand thevarious treatment modalities available for it.Material and methods: It was a prospective observationalstudy and statistical analysis was done wherever applicable.Present study comprised of 25 patients who attended withpulmonary hydatidosis at our hospital during a span of 18months.Results: The most common symptoms were cough and chestpain. The mean duration of illness (in years) was 2.4 ± 0.91(Mean ± SD). Computed tomography (CT) scan was done inall patients for confirming the diagnosis. Sixty percent hadhydatid cysts located in their right lung and had involvement ofthe lower lobe. Excision of cyst was done in 20 patients. Lungresection either in the form of segmentectomy or lobectomywas required in 32%. Intercostal chest drains were placed inall the patients during operation. In 10 patients the cumulativedaily drainage amount ranged between >75-100 ml. Thedifference in proportion of patients having <75% collectionin drain was not statistically significant. The intercostal chestdrains were removed between the 5th -10th postoperativedays in 15 patients. As sample size in each individual groupwas less than 5, Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to assess thedistribution pattern of the observation. The P value <0.05observed in patients without lung resection was statisticallysignificant. The difference in mean time of removal ofdrain following the different surgical interventions was notstatistically significant between the patients who requiredlung resection and those who did not. The distribution patternof the observation on duration of hospitalization amongstthe patients undergoing different surgical procedures (i.e.,those requiring resection of lung & those without any lungresection) were compared. The P value 0.004 observed inpatients without lung resection was statistically significant.Patient morbidity and mortality: 16 patients had air leakin their immediate postoperative period, which was thecommonest complication. There was no mortality in ourstudy.Conclusion: CT Scan is inevitable for confirmation ofdiagnosis. Surgery is the treatment modality of choice withpre- and postoperative albendazole therapy. Lung resectionmay be needed for selected patients and the most commoncomplication following surgery is air leak which can bemanaged conservatively.

Pulmonary hydatid cyst in children

Hydatidosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease with global existence caused by tapeworm of family Taeniidae and genus Echinococcus. It is transmitted by feco oral route or direct contact with dogs. A 7-year-old female was admitted with cough, fever, chest pain and history of contact with dog. Chest radiography showed round to oval mass with air fluid level while ultrasonography of thorax was suggestive of a large cystic lesion in right mid zone with dense moving echo and multiple hyper echoic foci with connected artifacts without calcification. Computerized tomography showed large cystic lesion containing fluid with air within it in right mid zone. Initially cystic aspiration followed by pericystectomy was done. Health education, hand washing practices, creating awareness and protection of intermediate host by vaccine will help to control the disease.

Morphological characteristics of liver abscesses according its etiology / Características morfológicas de los abscesos hepáticos según su etiología

Although infrequent in the diagnostics areas, liver abscesses are of significant relevance, which is related to the high morbidity and mortality figures they can cause if they are not detected and treated in time. Although multiple operational classifications are described, the one most recognized for its usefulness is that related to its causative agent (pyogenic or bacterial infection, hydatid origin or secondary to infected hydatidosis, and amoebic or by invasive amebiasis). The objective of this article was to generate a study report regarding the morphological characteristics of liver abscesses, characterizing them according to their etiology, as well as describing their study and the latest recommended treatments.

Los abscesos hepáticos son entidades nosológicas de baja frecuencia, pero de significativa relevancia, la que se relacionada con las elevadas cifras de morbilidad y mortalidad que pueden causar si no son detectados y tratados a tiempo. Si bien se describen múltiples clasificaciones operacionales, aquella más reconocida por su utilidad es la relacionada a su agente causal (piógenos o bacterianos, hidatídicos o secundarios a hidatidosis infectada, y amebianos o por amebiasis invasora). El objetivo de este artículo fue generar un documento de estudio respecto de las características morfológicas de los abscesos hepáticos, caracterizándolos de acuerdo con su etiología, así como describir su estudio y tratamiento recomendado de acuerdo con el estado del arte.

Hydatid cyst of broad ligament: a rare case report

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease caused by tapeworm Echinococcus. It affects the liver and lung most commonly, but may rarely affect fallopian tube, broad ligament and other structures. One such peculiar case is where a 17 years old female presented with a rapidly growing cystic mass in lower abdomen, clinically suspicious of ovarian mass or mesentric cyst. Investigations failed to identify the nature. On laparotomy, excision of the mass was done. Suprisingly histopathological examination identified the lesion as hydatid cyst arising from the broad ligament. Patient responded well to surgical excision followed by albendazole administration. Female genital tract hydatidosis is a rare entity and in most cases the involvement is secondary. Primary hydatid disease of female genital tract is even very rarer and generates considerable diagnostic difficulty.

Imported hepatopulmonary echinococcosis: first report of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1) in Bolivia

Abstract Hepatopulmonary hydatidosis in young children is a rare and atypical presentation of Echinococcus granulosus infection. We report the first case of cystic echinococcosis caused by a microvariant of E. granulosus sensu stricto. Chemotherapy and systemic corticoids were administered before curative surgery was performed. Recurrence was not observed for more than 24 months of follow-up.

caso clínico: basofilia y eosinofilia asociada a parasitosis por echinococcus granulosus en pediatría

El leucograma, es uno de los estudios de rutina más solicitados en el laboratorio, la desviación de los valores de las diferentes subpoblaciones leucocitarias respecto al intervalo de referencia contribuye a la orientación sobre la posible etiología de un estado de enfermedad. El hallazgo de eosinofilia y/o basofilia absolutas, debe ser estudiado para conocer la causa subyacente. En el curso de una parasitosis, puede ser el único signo anormal o formar parte del cuadro clínico-biológico del paciente. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 4 años que cursa con una parasitosis por Echinococcus granulosus

The leukogram is one of the most requested routine studies in the laboratory; the deviation of the values of the different leukocyte subpopulations from the reference interval contributes to the orientation on the possible etiology of a disease state. The finding of absolute eosinophilia and/or basophilia must be studied to know the underlying cause. In the course of parasitosis, it may be the only abnormal sign or form part of the patient's clinical-biological state. The case of a 4-yearold boy with an Echinococcus granulosus parasite is presented

Atypical parasitic lesions in slaughtered cattle in Southern Brazil / Lesões parasitárias atípicas em bovinos de abatedouro no Sul do Brasil

Abstract In this study, we described the morphological features and unusual presentations of hydatidosis, fasciolosis, and eosinophilic myositis caused by Sarcocystis species diagnosed at the slaughterhouse lines. Twenty-seven samples of atypical parasitic lesions from distinct cattle were evaluated, of which 12 corresponded to hydatidosis, 11 to fasciolosis, and 4 to eosinophilic sarcocystosis. Hydatid cysts were observed mainly in the heart, with all cases involving the left ventricle. Fasciolosis lesions involved mainly the lungs, and were characterized by a focal nodular elevated area involving the edges of the lobes. Intralesional trematodes were observed in three cases. Sarcocystosis lesions were observed in four cases, and lesions were primarily located in the skeletal and cardiac muscles. Grossly, they presented as focal or focally extensive streaks, patches, or numerous nodules that were greenish to mildly yellowish. Histologically, all the cases had intralesional ruptured cysts of Sarcocystis that were associated with severe eosinophilic myositis and myocarditis. Parasitic lesions in atypical locations and/or with aberrant responses should be promptly identified because it may mistakenly diagnosed as other potentially zoonotic diseases, such as cysticercosis and tuberculosis.

Resumo No presente estudo, são descritas as características morfológicas e as apresentações incomuns das lesões parasitárias de hidatidose, fasciolose e miosite eosinofílica por Sarcocystis spp., diagnosticadas nas linhas de abate. Foram analisadas 27 amostras de diferentes bovinos, das quais 12 correspondiam a casos de hidatidose, 11 de fasciolose e 4 de sarcocistose eosinofílica. Os cistos hidáticos foram observados predominantemente no coração, todos com localização no ventrículo esquerdo. As lesões de fasciolose envolveram principalmente os pulmões e eram caracterizadas por áreas nodulares e elevadas nos bordos dos lobos pulmonares. Trematódeos intralesionais estavam presentes em três casos. Lesões de sarcocistose foram observadas em quatro casos, com localização nos músculos esquelético e cardíaco. Macroscopicamente, observaram-se listras, manchas ou numerosos nódulos de coloração esverdeada a discretamente amarelada. Histologicamente, todos os casos apresentaram cistos intralesionais de Sarcocystis spp. rompidos e degenerados, associados à acentuada miosite e miocardite eosinofílica. A identificação das lesões parasitárias em locais poucos frequentes é de extrema importância, pois podem constituir diagnósticos diferencias de enfermidades zoonóticas, como cisticercose e tuberculose.

Distribución y factores de riesgo de hidatidosis en la Región del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins entre 2010 y 2016 / Distribution and risk factors of hydatidosis in an administrative region of Chile between 2010 and 2016

Resumen Introducción: En Chile, la hidatidosis, endémica a lo largo de todo el país e hiperendémica en algunas regiones, sigue siendo un problema de salud pública desatendido y poco abordado por el Estado. En la Región del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, los casos reportados y los egresos hospitalarios aún muestran valores elevados, siendo esta zona representativa de riesgo medio. Objetivo: Estimar el riesgo de hidatidosis humana en esta región, estudiando la relación de las notificaciones y egresos con factores sociales y ambientales, tales como población, índice de pobreza, índice de escolaridad, alfabetización, temperatura media, precipitación media y masa ganadera ovina. Metodología: Se utilizaron regresiones de Poisson para estudiar los factores asociados a enfermedades de notificación obligatoria y egresos y el modelo Besag-York-Mollie para el riesgo relativo. Resultados: Los factores más relacionados con el riesgo absoluto fueron el índice de escolaridad como factor protector y las temperaturas medias como factor potenciador. La población ovina fue también un factor relevante especialmente al analizar la distribución del riesgo relativo. Las zonas de mayor riesgo en la región fueron La Estrella, Marchigüe, Litueche, Santa Cruz y Lolol según egresos, agregando a Pumanque y Peralillo según notificaciones. Éstas revelan una distribución de las zonas de riesgo de hidatidosis hacia la cordillera de la costa en esta región. Conclusiones: En esta región los principales predictores de riesgo de hidatidosis son el índice de escolaridad, la temperatura y la población ovina.

Background: In Chile, hydatidosis is endemic throughout the country and hyperendemic in some regions. It continues to be a public health problem that has been neglected and little addressed at the national level. In the Region of Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, reported cases and hospital discharges still show high values, this area being representative of medium risk. Aim: To estimate the risk of human hydatidosis in this region, studying the relationship of notifications and hospital discharge rates with social and environmental factors such as population, poverty index, schooling, literacy, average temperature, average rainfall and sheep population size. Methods: Poisson regressions were used to study the factors associated with reported cases and hospital discharge rates and the BYM model for relative risk. Results: We found that the factors most related to absolute risk were the schooling index as a protective factor and the average temperatures as an enhancing factor. The sheep population size was also a relevant factor, especially when analyzing the distribution of relative risk. The areas of greatest risk in the region were La Estrella, Marchigue, Litueche, Santa Cruz and Lolol according to discharge rates, adding Pumanque and Peralillo according to notifications. These reveal a distribution of the zones of risk of hydatidosis towards the coastal mountain range in this region. Discussion/Conclusion. The more relevant factors associated to hydatidosis were schooling index, temperature an sheep population.