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Background: Despite several efforts to limit the viral transmission, the COVID-19 vaccine has been the only “the ray of hope” to end the pandemic. However, vaccine hesitancy could reduce coverage and hinder herd immunity. People’s intention to get vaccinated can be shaped by several factors, including risk perception which, in turn, is influenced by effect. The need to acquaint oneself to the beliefs, concerns, and circumstances of one’s own population in the community becomes important for successful implementation of the program. Therefore, the present study was conducted to gain insights into perceptions of vaccination. Objectives: The objective is to understand the felicitating factors and hindering factors for acceptance of vaccines by the population among people aged 50 years in urban field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine in a Tertiary care teaching hospital, Hyderabad. Subjects and Methods: Data were extracted from audio recording of five focus group discussions that were conducted in the urban field practice care of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Hyderabad through open-ended questions. Categories, subcategories, and themes were created by deductive approach. Results: The motivating factors for vaccine acceptance were found to be fear of getting disease, wanting to return normalcy, and trust in treating doctors, whereas, barriers were fear of death due to vaccine, opacity in vaccine details, anxiety, and misinterpretation of adverse events. Conclusion: Having a clear understanding about the belief system of the target population could help in designing the guidelines for vaccination program to escalate the immunization and increase the acceptance.
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Background: A maternal near-miss case is defined by World Health Organization (WHO) as “a woman who nearly died but survived a complication that occurred during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy.” Severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM) is the acronym for the more popular term of ‘near-miss’ cases. There are approximately 118 life threatening events of “near miss mortality” or SAMM for each maternal death. Analysing near miss cases can prevent maternal death.Methods: It is a retrospective study based on medical records. Sample size is all the pregnant cases admitted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in AIMSR, Hyderabad, Telangana, India over the period of January 2015- June 2017 (two and half years) i.e. 2276. All records were gathered and each record that satisfy near miss criteria/maternal mortality were segregated, data has been collected on the occurrence of severe pregnancy-related complications or those who require critical interventions and admission to intensive care unit as per the proforma (according to WHO near miss questionnaire). Data entry done in MS Excel and analyzed using Epi Info.Results: Total MNM/SAMM patients were 85 out of 2276 pregnant women (3.7%). The duration of the stay, potential life-threatening conditions (PTLC), critical interventions, organ dysfunctions, mode of delivery, treatment for PPH, hypertensive disorders and associated conditions among SAMM patients were calculated. SAMM patients who has severe post-partum hemorrhage PPH were 24.7%, severe pre-eclampsia was 31.7%, eclampsia was 2.4%, patients with both severe PPH and eclampsia were 2.4%.Conclusions: Near misses can be prevented to some extent by spreading awareness about possible obstetric complications and risk stratification. The WHO tool for analysis of maternal near miss or SAMM can identify more preventable causes of maternal death. Prospective monitoring of maternal morbidity may be useful in identifying determinants of severe maternal mortality.
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Leprosy is a major public-health problem in developing countries like India. Studies pertaining to proportion and characteristics of pediatric cases are few in number. As these reflect indirectly the effectiveness of programme, this study has been carried out to know the clinical, bacteriological and histopathological characteristics of childhood leprosy cases who came to Dermatology Venerology Leprology (DVL) Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Centre in South India over a period of 2 years (from January 2015 to December 2016). This prospective observational study had 26 (23%) pediatric cases of leprosy out of 113 who attended DVL OPD. The age of childhood leprosy cases ranged from 10 to 18 years with mean of 14 years. 76% cases were males and 24% cases were females. 84% cases presented with hypopigmented, anaesthetic patches, 11% cases with grade 3 disabilities and 3% with tingling and numbness of both feet. 80% cases were MB and 20% were PB. 76% of children had multiple skin lesions and 24% had single skin lesion (SSL). Of the 20 multiple skin lesions cases examined histopathologically, 11 showed features of BT, BL and LL with overall concordance of 55% (11/20). Among cases clinically classified as MB, 33 % cases were smear positive. Overall 7/26 ( 26%) of child cases in our study were bacteriologically positive. Only 19% of patients had history of contact within the household. 8% cases developed LR. Six cases had deformities. The mean duration of symptoms was around six months. All the patients were treated with MDT. The present study though small and may/may not be representative of distribution/profile of leprosy in children at population level indicates the severity of childhood leprosy in society as evidenced by MB nature, high bacteriological positivity and unacceptable disability rate. After in depth studies at community level, strategy need to be improved to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.
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Aims: To identify strengthens and weaknesses of Tuberculosis (TB) surveillance system of District Hyderabad and suggest recommendations for improvement. Study Design: Descriptive evaluative study Place and Duration of Study: This research work was conducted in Provincial directorate of health, district health offices, and TB sentinel sites of District Hyderabad, between February and March, 2012. Methodology: A total of 26 stakeholders were identified by using purposive sampling technique based on their involvement in and relevance to the TB surveillance system. Data was collected by review of medical records and stakeholder interviews by using “Centers of Disease Control (CDCs) Updated Guidelines for the Evaluation of Surveillance Systems. Attributes were rated as good, fair and poor on the basis of obtained score. Results: System was good in simplicity and flexibility due to simple case definition and adaptation of new changes. Presence of laboratory component and 90% completeness of forms led to good rank in data quality. The system covered limited (n=12) health facilities which caused fair representativeness. The staff was highly motivated to provide accurate, consistent and complete information and suggested good acceptability of system. Due to quarterly reporting, timeliness was poor and led to delays in outbreak identification and mitigation responses. Sensitivity and positive predictive value were 26% and 56.8% respectively. The system was fair in stability as supported by ministry of health with multinational donors. Conclusion: The TB Surveillance system was satisfactory in all attributes except representativeness, sensitivity, and timeliness. Increased establishment of sentinel sites at public and private health facilities and added frequency in reporting time were recommended.
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Objective: To observe the demographic characteristics of the patients, substance abused, intention and precipitating factors for self-poisoning presenting to Accident& Emergency department of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Patients and Methodology: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months from (March 2013 to August 2013).100 patients more than >12years with a definite history of self-poisoning were included. Details regarding patients demographic characteristics e.g. age, sex, maritalstatus, academic status, socioeconomic standing etc. and substance abused for self-poisoning were recorded on a specifically designed proforma. Results: During the study period 100 patients of DSP were included. Of 100 patients 40% (n=40) were male age ranges from (15-50) and 60% (n=60) were female age ranges from (17-50). Mean age of the patients was 23.63±8.370 (mean±SD). Out of hundred patients 57% (F=31, M=26) were uneducated, 56% (F=34, M=22) were unmarried, those who were unmarried had statistically significant relationship with the use of organophosphorous compounds/Rat killer for self-poisoning (p= 0.0281). 85% of the total patients belonged to lower socioeconomic class. Occupation wise mostly female were household/house wife and male were farmer/labour. (49%) of the studied group used organo-phosphorous containing compound insecticide/pesticides, 29% used Rat killer. 11% of the patients consumed benzodiazepine for self-poisoning.60% of the total patients had suicidal intention, use of organophosphorous compound/Rat killer is significantly associated with the intention to suicide (p=0.0001), 33%of the patients wanted to draw attention and 7% committed DSP to show anger, or to punish themselves because of guilt Table 4. (46%) committed the act of DSP after having conflict with parents other had interpersonal conflicts with husband/wife, girlfriend/boyfriend and close relatives. Conclusion: Use of organophosphorous containing compound/Rat killer are associated with an intention to suicide (p=0.0001) and these are preferred substances used for selfpoisoning among unmarried population (p=0.0281).Demographic characteristics of patients do not vary greatly with relation to their orientation to urban or rural areas as well as choice of substance for self-poisoning were also independent to location (p=1.0000).
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Objective: To document traditional medicinal plants knowledge used in treating skin diseases at Hyderabad Karnataka Region.Methods:gathered from traditional herbal healers and other villagers through interviews.Results:A total of 60 plants species belonging to 57 genera and 34 families were found useful The information on the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of skin diseases was and herewith described them along with the method of drug preparation, mode of administration, probable dosage and duration of treatment. Several new findings on the traditional rural practices were reported.Conclusions:The present study revealed that the Hyderabad Karnataka rural people is primarily dependent on medicinal plants for treating skin diseases.
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Success of Orthodontic treatment mainly depends on correct diagnosis. First important diagnostic aid is correct assessment of inter arch and intra arch tooth relationship. Inter arch tooth ratio analysis (Bolton’s) is one which is important to build normal overjet and normal occlusion. For this analysis most of them used GV BLACK’s tables for sake of mesio-distal dimensions of teeth. The present study aimed at establishing individual tooth size for Hyderabad population and reliability of Bolton’s ratio to this particular population and to determine sexual dimorphism.
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AIM: To determine the clinical course and management of patients undergoing surgery for consecutive strabismus.METHODS: Patients less than 45 years of age presenting with consecutive strabismus were divided into two groups (1-Esodeviation and 2-Exodeviation). Angle of deviation was measured in prism diopter (PD). Conservative therapy was experienced during the course of follow-up after first surgery. All the subjects with deviation of more than 15PD after six months of follow-up were selected for repeat surgery. Compulsory investigations were performed. Secondary surgical procedures were performed under general anesthesia. Postoperative follow-up was done at 3 days, 15 days, 3 months and 6 months.RESULTS: Subjects(28.8%)developed consecutive stra-bismus within the study period. Second surgery on a dominant (fixating) eye in all patients was performed within 6 to 9 months after first surgery. After second surgical interven-tion, good surgical outcome was obtained and the tendency towards over correction was not observed in both groups during follow-up period.CONCLUSION: There is a need for guarded muscle correction during second surgery to avoid over corrections in future.