ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El cultivo comercial de hortensias para flor de exportación ocupa un renglón importante en el sector económico del oriente antioqueño, por ser fuente de empleo y de desarrollo en la zona. La hortensia (Hydrangea macrophylla) es afectada por numerosos organismos fitopatógenos, entre ellos, nematodos del género Aphelenchoides, los que ocasionan, en el follaje, lesiones necróticas angulares, malformación de flor, enanismo y un daño indirecto en la tasa fotosintética, demeritando los parámetros de calidad para exportación. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar, molecularmente, las especies del nematodo Aphelenchoides asociadas al cultivo de hortensias de color, en los municipios de Medellín (Santa Elena), La Ceja y Rionegro, siendo este el primer reporte para Colombia, de las especies de este género. Para la ejecución del estudio, se realizaron 10 muestreos en cultivos comerciales, distribuidos entre los tres municipios mencionados. Los nematodos extraídos, se sometieron a pruebas basadas en el análisis de ADN, haciendo uso del marcador ribosomal 18S. Los análisis filogenéticos practicados mostraron la presencia de la especie Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi en cultivos de hortensias, del corregimiento de Santa Elena y, de A. fragarie, en los municipios de La Ceja y Rionegro.
ABSTRACT Hydrangea macrophylla commercial crops have an important economic significance for the eastern region of the department of Antioquia, Colombia, due to its impact on employment and local development. This flowering plant can be attacked by several phytopathogens among them nematodes of the genus Aphelenchoides; which can produce necrotic lesions on the plant leaves as well decreased photosynthetic rate, dwarfism, and flower malformation. Additionally, this pathogen is considered a regulated pest and limits the international commercialization of the flower. The aim of this study was to molecularly identify the Aphelenchoides species associated with infected H. macrophylla plants in crops the municipalities of Medellín, La Ceja, and Rionegro. This is the first report of the species of this phytopathogen for Colombia. The sampling activities were performed in ten commercial crops locate at the three municipalities. The isolated nematodes were subject to DNA-based tests were the 18S rDNA gene was amplified, sequenced and analyzed using phylogenetic methods. The obtained results showed the infection of Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi within the Santa Elena (Medellin) area in crops and A. fragarie within the municipalities of La Ceja, and Rionegro.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents of the leaves of Hydrangea macrophylla. Methods: The chemical constituents were separated and purified by various isolation methods (silica gel, ODS, and HPLC column chromatography), and their structures were determined by the analysis of spectral data (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and MS). Results: Eleven compounds were obtained and elucidated as following: secologanin ethyl methyl acetal (1), secologanin dimethyl acetal (2), secoxyloganin (3), 7-deoxyloganic acid (4), loganic acid (5), 8-epi-loganin (6), loganin (7), 7-dehydrologanin (8), sweroside (9), epi-vogeloside (10), and vogeloside (11). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new compound, named as macrophyoside. Compounds 3 and 8 are isolated for the first time from the plants of Hydrangea Linn.
ABSTRACT
O experimento foi conduzido no Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. RS, no período de agosto de 1993 a janeiro de 1995. Os objetivos foram verificar o efeito do armazenamento a 2°C sobre a duração do cultivo da hortênsia - Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. e fornecer subsídios para o desenvolvimento da cultura da hortênsia, através da caracterização fenométrica das cultivares disponíveis na região. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, constituído por um esquema bifatorial 6x3, cujos tratamentos constaram de seis períodos de armazenamento a frio (zero, duas, três, quatro, cinco e seis semanas), em câmara frigorífica a 2°C e três cultivares de hortênsia (Rústica, Branca e Decorativa). Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que as cultivares Rústica e Decorativa mostraram-se indiferentes ao armazenamento a 2°C, enquanto que a cultivar Branca atrasou o florescimento, em cerca de dois meses. Por sua vez. as três cultivares possuem potencial para a produção em vasos e são caracterizadas pelas diferenças de diâmetro da inflorescência, ciclo de florescimento e ciclo total da cultura.
The experiment was conducted at the Department of Fitotecnia, in the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, from August 1993 to January 1995. The purposes were to verify the effect of cold storage in the lenght of cultivation of hydrangea - Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser, and to obtain informations on the development of the hydrangea culture, through the fenometric characterization of the cultivars available in the region. It was conducted in completely randomized design, with five replications. The experiment was a 6 x 3 bifactorial whose treatments were six cold storage periods (zero, two, three, four, five and six weeks) in a cold chamber in a temperature of 2°C and three hydrangea cultivars (cv. Rustic, White and Decorative). The results showed no influence of the 2°C storage and growth regulator for the cultivars Rustic and Decorative. In the White cultivar a delay of two months occured in the flowering. Accordingly, the three cultivars have a good potential for potted production and are characterized through the differences for diameter of the inflorescence, flowering cycle and total cycle of culture.