In-vitro Anti-hyperglycemic Evaluation of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Delonix regia Bark

Anti-hyperglycemic agents is a substance that helps a person with diabetes control their level of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It includes insulin and oral anti-hyperglycemic agents. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by increased blood glucose levels leading to other major complications. Thus, obtaining these anti hyperglycemic agents through easily available flora is necessary. Delonix regia , a tree cultivated worldwide, has also been used as traditional medicine in various disorders. Aim of the project work was to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity in the hydroalcoholic extract of D. regia bark for the treatment of hyperglycemia. The collected bark was dried, powdered and extracted through cold maceration method. The extract was further concentrated to obtain a gummy mass of the hydroalcoholic extract. The extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis through conventional chemical tests and GC-MS. After the identification of the phytoconstituents, they were studied for their clinically proven properties. In-vitro anti-hyperglycemic studies were carried out through assays like alpha-amylase inhibition assay and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay. The results of the extract were compared with results of standard acarbose. The IC 50 standard values in alpha-amylase inhibition assay and ?-glucosidase inhibition assay were 98.77 and 84.33 ?g/mL, respectively. The IC 50 values of hydroalcoholic extract of D. regia bark in alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay were 167 and 116.31 ?g/mL, respectively. From the study, the hydroalcoholic extract of bark of D. regia exhibit anti-hyperglycemic activity compared to standard acarbose.

Effectiveness of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Terminalia ivorensis on Feet Fungus Disease

Despite the evolution of modern medicine, traditional medicine remains widespread in developing countries and its use continues to increase in industrialized countries.It is the same way that the effectiveness of the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia ivorensis was tested on the feet fungus disease of volunteers. Objective: The present work is oriented in the preparation of an antimicrobial hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia ivorensis, a medicinal plant in order to enhance it. Materials and Methods: One hundred (100) grams of powder from trunk bark’s Terminalia ivorensis were extracted by homogenisation in a solvent mixture of 70% ethanol and 30% distilled water in a blender. After six grinding cycles, the homogenate obtained in each case was first wrung out in a clean white cloth square and then successively filtered twice on cotton wool and on Whatman 3 mm filter paper. The filtrate obtained was dried in a Venticell oven. The powder obtained constitutes the hydroalcoholic extract (or The 70% hydroethanolic extract). The 70% hydroethanolic extract of Terminalia ivorensis obtained was mixed with water to obtain a pasty liquid form before being tested on feet fungus disease using a cotton ball. Results: The extract had activity on these different shapes of feet fungus disease with a marked improvement. The volunteers who finished their treatment have been cured of feet fungus disease. Conclusion: The treatment results obtained revealed that the hydroalcoholic extract has good antimicrobial activity. The hydroalcoholic extract can be an undeniable source for the development of Improved Traditional Medicines (ITM) against feet fungus disease.

Preclinical evaluation of analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Costus pictus leaves in Wistar albino rats

Background: Pain is the most common symptom in various pathological conditions requiring appropriate treatment with analgesics. Use of analgesics is limited by various adverse drug effects. The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Costus pictus leaves in Wistar albino rats. Aim and Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of C. pictus leaves in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 Wistar albino rats and was divided into five groups each of six rats. Group-I (Sterile water-equivalent volume/po), Group-II Morphine (5 mg/kg/ip), Group-III CPHAE (200 mg/kg/po), Group-IV CPHAE (400 mg/kg/po), and Group-V Diclofenac (12.5 mg/kg/po). All the rats were administered respective drugs before starting of 30 min of experiment. Central analgesic (Tail clip and hot plate) and peripheral analgesic (Writhing test) methods were used to evaluate the analgesic activity. The data were recorded and analyzed with SPSS software. Results: Group-II, III, IV and V showed significant analgesic activity compared to Group-I in both central and peripheral animal models. Group-II showed significant effect compared to Group-III and IV in the central analgesic activity. Group-V showed significant effect compared to Group-III and IV in peripheral analgesic activity. Group-IV showed significant effect compared to Group-III. Conclusion: High dose of (400 mg/kg) C. pictus plant extract showed significant analgesic activity in the central and peripheral animal models compared to low dose.

Cytotoxic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Annona Muricata against a human cell line of gastric adenocarcinoma / Efecto citotóxico del extracto hidroalcoholico de la Annona Muricata frente a la línea celular humana de adenocarcinoma gástrico

Background: Therapeutic advances against cancer have not been as successful as expected and have adverse effects that patients rarely tolerate. A study in Peru identified favorable anticancer effects of Annona muricata (AM), a medicinal plant known as soursop, in C-678 mouse gastric adenocarcinoma. However, to date, no results have been reported in human cells. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effect of AM extract against a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS). Methodology: Experimental in vitro analytical study using a hydroalcoholic extract of AM (AMOH) leaves collected in the Amazonas. Chemical functional groups were identified by phytochemical screening. To obtain the cytotoxic effect, different dilutions of extract were added to the plates containing the cell lines and the data were extrapolated to GraphPad employing an observation card. Finally, the cytotoxic effect was expressed as the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and nonlinear regression analysis was performed to determine the growth inhibition of cancer cells. Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of reducing carbohydrates, alkaloids, phenols, tannins, triterpenes, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, proteins, cardiac glycosides, and anthocyanins. A calibration curve with gallic acid was used to determine the total phenol content and, quercetin was used to identify the flavonoid content. The AGS cell line showed cytotoxic activity with AMOH with an IC50 at 24 hours of 45.81 µg/mL and 19.05 µg/mL at 48 hours. Conclusion: Several chemical functional groups of AM were identified. In addition, the AMOH showed a cytotoxic effect against the AGS cell line

Antecedente: Los avances terapéuticos frente al cáncer no han tenido el éxito esperado y presentan efectos adversos pocas veces tolerados por el paciente. Un estudio en Perú identificó el efecto anticancerígeno de la Annona muricata (AM), planta medicinal conocida como guanábana, en adenocarcinoma gástrico de ratón C-678 con resultados favorables, sin embargo, no se ha encontrado evidencia previa en células humanas. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto citotóxico del extracto de AM frente a la línea celular de adenocarcinoma gástrico humano (AGS). Materiales y métodos: Estudio experimental in vitro tipo analítico con extracto hidroalcohólico de hojas de AM (AMOH) recolectadas en Amazonas. Mediante screening fitoquímico se identificaron los grupos funcionales químicos. Para obtener el efecto citotóxico, se añadieron diferentes diluciones de extracto a las placas que contienen las líneas celulares y mediante una ficha de observación los datos fueron extrapolados a GraphPad. Finalmente se expresó como la concentración inhibitoria media máxima (IC50) y se hizo un análisis de regresión no lineal con la finalidad de encontrar la cantidad de inhibición de crecimiento de células oncológicas. Resultados: En el screening fitoquímico se pudo identificar la presencia de carbohidratos reductores, alcaloides, fenoles, taninos, tritérpenos y esteroides, saponinas, flavonoides, proteínas, glicósidos cardiotónicos y antocianinas. Para identificar el contenido total de fenoles se utilizó la curva de calibración con ácido gálico el cual nos comprobó la presencia de una buena cantidad de estos metabolitos. Adicionalmente se utilizó quercetina para identificar el contenido de flavonoides, obteniendo resultados favorables ya que se hizo evidente su presencia. La línea celular AGS mostró una actividad citotóxica frente al AMOH con un IC50 a las 24 horas de 45.81ug/mL y 19.05ug/mL a las 48 horas. Conclusión: Se identifica a los grupos funcionales de la AM. Además, AMOH demostró un efecto citotóxico contra la línea celular AGS

Étude comparée des gels hydroalcooliques importés et ceux produits au Bénin, vendus dans les supermarchés de la ville de Cotonou / NA

Depuis le début de la crise épidémique liée au virus Covid-19, pour de nombreux citoyens, se laver les mains est devenu un rituel nécessaire. Le gel hydroalcoolique constitue une solution alternative qui a été popularisée par les recommandations des autorités sanitaires dans le cas d'indisponibilité du lavage des mains. Que cela soit en pharmacie, en supermarché, ou sur internet, de nombreux sites de commerce proposent ces produits à la vente. Toutefois l'appellation ne garantit pas l'efficacité de chaque produit vendu. C'est ainsi que la présente étude s'est attelée à l'évaluation de la qualité des gels hydroalcooliques (GHA) utilisés pour la désinfection des mains au cours de la crise sanitaire liée au Coronavirus. Au total, 28 échantillons dont 23 importés et 5 locaux ont été collectés dans 16 supermarchés de la ville de Cotonou. Ils ont été soumis au test d'inspection visuelle, aux tests organoleptiques ainsi qu'aux analyses physico-chimiques et microbiologiques. Au terme de l'étude, 17,86% des GHA ont été déclarés non-conformes par rapport aux inspections visuelles, 39,28% par rapport aux tests organoleptiques, 21% par rapport au pH et à la densité et enfin 21% de non-conformité aux tests microbiologiques. Le taux de non-conformité est plus important dans le camp des gels importés ce qui atteste l'effort des producteurs locaux pour le respect des normes promulguées par les autorités sanitaires

Since the start of the epidemic crisis linked to the Covid-19 virus, for many citizens, washing their hands has become a necessary ritual. Hydroalcoholic gel constitutes an alternative solution which has been popularized by the recommendations of the health authorities in the case of hand washing unavailable. Whether in pharmacies, supermarkets, or on the internet, many shopping sites offered these products for sale. However, this name does not guarantee the effectiveness of each product sold. The present study has been set out to assess the quality of hydroalcoholic gels (GHA) used for hand disinfection during the health crisis linked to the Coronavirus. In total, 28 samples, of which 23 were imported and 5 locals, were collected in 16 supermarkets in the city of Cotonou. They were subjected to visual inspection test, organoleptic tests as well as physico-chemical and microbiological analyzes. At the end of the study, 17.86% of GHAs were declared non-compliant with respect to visual inspections, 39.28% with respect to organoleptic tests, 21% with respect to pH and density and finally 21% of noncompliance with microbiological testing. The rate of non-compliance is higher in the imported gel camp, which attests to the efforts of local producers to comply with the standards promulgated by the health authorities

Aprendizaje cooperativo e higiene de manos en estudiantes de enfermería / Aprendizagem cooperativo e higiene de mãos em estudantes de enfermagem / Cooperative Learning and Hand Disinfection in Nursing Students

Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa basada en el aprendizaje cooperativo sobre la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades en lavado de manos. Métodos. Estudio pre-posintervención realizado con la participación de 49 estudiantes de segundo curso de grado en enfermería. Se evaluaron los siguientes aspectos: i) adquisición de conocimientos con un cuestionario ad hoc, ii) habilidades en lavado de manos mediante la realización de la técnica con solución reactiva y verificación con lámpara fluorescente, y iii) interés y autopercepción de la importancia de adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades con preguntas específicas. Resultados. La edad media fue 21.8 años, 83.7% mujeres y el 32.6% tenía estudios previos relacionados con salud. Hubo una mejoría significativa post-intervención en el nivel de conocimientos (p<0.001) y habilidades (p<0.001). El interés por la intervención (m=4.1±0.6) y la percepción sobre la adquisición de conocimientos (m=4.4±0.6) y habilidades (m=4.3±0.5) se calificaron como elevados (escala de 1 a 5). Conclusión. La intervención de aprendizaje cooperativo mejoró los conocimientos y habilidades sobre lavado de manos en estudiantes de enfermería, además, despertó su interés(AU)

Descriptores: enfermería; educación en enfermería; estudiantes de enfermería; desinfección de las manos; solución hidroalcohólica; aprendizaje. Aprendizagem cooperativo e higiene de mãos em estudantes de enfermagem Objetivo. Avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção educativa baseada na aprendizagem cooperativa sobre a aquisição de conhecimentos e habilidades no lavado de mãos. Ademais, se estudou o interesse e a auto-percepção dos participantes sobre a aquisição de conhecimentos e habilidades neste assunto. Métodos. Estudo pré-pós intervenção realizada com a participação de 49 estudantes de segundo curso de grau em enfermagem. Se avaliou: i) aquisição de conhecimentos com um questionário ad hoc, ii) habilidades em lavado de mãos mediante a realização da técnica com solução reativa e verificação com luz fluorescente, y iii) interesse e auto-percepção da importância de aquisição de conhecimentos e habilidades com perguntas específicas. Resultados. A idade média foi 21.8 anos, 83.7% eram mulheres e 32.6% tinham estudos prévios relacionados com saúde. Houve uma melhoria significativa pós-intervenção no nível de conhecimentos (p<0.001) e habilidades (p<0.001). O interesse pela intervenção (m=4.1±0.6) e a percepção sobre a aquisição de conhecimentos (m=4.4±0.6) e habilidades (m=4.3±0.5) foram qualificados como elevados (escala de 1 a 5). Conclusão. A intervenção de aprendizagem cooperativo melhorou os conhecimentos e habilidades sobre lavado de mãos em estudantes de enfermagem e ademais despertou seu interesse.(AU)

Objective. The study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on cooperative learning on the acquisition of knowledge and skills on hand washing. In addition, the interest and self-perception was studied of the participants on the acquisition of knowledge and skills. Methods. This was a pre-post intervention study with 49 students from the second course of the Nursing degree, evaluating: i) acquisition of knowledge with an ad hoc questionnaire; ii) skills on hand washing by conducting the technique with reagent solution and verification with fluorescent lamp; and iii) interest and self-perception of the importance of acquiring knowledge and skills with specific questions. Results. The mean age was 21.8 years, 83.7% were women, and 32.6% had prior studies related with health. Significant post-intervention improvement was evident in the level of knowledge (p<0.001) and skills (p<0.001). Interest for the intervention (m=4.1±0.6) and perception on the acquisition of knowledge (m=4.4±0.6) and skills (m=4.3±0.5) were scored high (scale from 1 to 5). Conclusion. The cooperative learning intervention improved knowledge and skills on hand washing in nursing students and awakened their interest.(AU)

Determination of phenolic profile by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and anti-inflammatory activity of crude hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from leaves of Eugenia brasiliensis

ABSTRACT Eugenia brasiliensis Lam., Myrtaceae, is used in folk medicine for anti-inflammatory diseases such as arthritis and rheumatism. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity and phenolic profile of the crude hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate fraction from E. brasiliensis leaves. Crude hydroalcoholic extract and the ethyl acetate fraction were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in comparison to standard phenolic compounds. The anti-inflammatory activity of the crude hydroalcoholic extract (1, 10 and 25 mg kg-1) and the ethyl acetate fraction (10, 25 and 50 mg kg-1) was evaluated in a swiss mouse model of acute pleurisy induced by carrageenan, being the total cell count, exudation and analysis of nitrite/nitrate the inflammation parameters. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed apigenin, catechin, galangin, isoquercetin, myricetin, quercetin and rutin. Crude hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate fraction were effective in inhibiting cell migration in all tested doses. Crude hydroalcoholic extract was effective in inhibiting exudation only at the 10 mg kg-1 dose; ethyl acetate fraction was effective in all tested doses. Results for nitrite/nitrate levels reveals that only the ethyl acetate fraction was effective at the tested doses. This is the first report of the presence of isoquercetin, galangin and apigenin in this species. Results from the phytochemical analysis enhance the chemical knowledge of this species. In the future, together with more studies, validation of its popular use in inflammatory diseases is possible.

Atividade antiviral e virucida de extratos hidroalcoólicos de própolis marrom, verde e de abelhas Jataí (Tetragonisca angustula) frente ao herpersvírus bovino tipo 1 (BoHV-1) e ao vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) / Antiviral and virucidal activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of propolis brown, green and jataí bees (Tetragonisca angustula) against Bovine Herpesvirus Type-1 (BoHV-1) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)

Dentre as propriedades biológicas da própolis, a atividade antimicrobiana tem merecido destacada atenção. No presente trabalho, descreve-se a ação antiviral e virucida de três extratos hidroalcoólicos de própolis (marrom, verde e de abelhas jataí (Tetragonisca angustula), frente ao Herpesvírus Bovino tipo (BoHV-1) e ao Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina (BVDV). Os três extratos hidroalcoólicos foram obtidos de extração etanólica e são oriundos do sul do Brasil. A composição química dos extratos de própolis foi determinada pela cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada a espectrômetro de massas (UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS) que identificou e quantificou compostos como: ácido cafeico e ácido p-cumárico, ácido clorogênico, ácido ferúlico, além de flavonoides como a rutina. A toxicidade celular bem como a atividade antiviral dos extratos de própolis em monocamadas de células MDBK (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney) foi avaliada através de observação microscópica e quantificada pelo teste de MTT (3-(4,5 dimetiltiazol-2yl)-2-5-difenil-2H tetrazolato de bromo). O extrato de própolis de abelhas jataí demonstrou ser menos citotóxico (1,57µg/mL), quando comparado aos extratos verde (0,78µg/mL) e marrom (0,39µg/mL). Quanto a atividade antiviral, a própolis verde demostrou maior eficácia em ambos os tratamentos celulares (pós e pré-exposição) frente ao BoHV-1 em relação aos outros extratos, ou seja, houve maior viabilidade celular quando comparada aos controles de células e vírus. Já a de jataí apresentou atividade frente aos dois vírus (BoHV-1 e BVDV) no método pré-infecção, enquanto a própolis marrom demonstrou ação apenas frente ao BoHV-1 também no método pré-infecção. Para determinação da atividade virucida foram utilizadas diferentes diluições dos vírus, bem como temperaturas e tempos distintos de incubação. A própolis verde a 37°C propiciou a maior redução no título viral (4,33log) em relação a marrom (log = 3,5log) e de jataí (log = 3,24log). No entanto, frente ao BVDV a própolis jataí apresentou os melhores resultados em ambas as temperaturas (22oC e 37oC). Portanto, os extratos avaliados apresentaram atividade antiviral e virucida frente ao BoHV-1 e BVDV, o que os torna alvo para o desenvolvimento de novos biofármacos como alternativa ao uso de antivirais comerciais em Medicina Veterinária.(AU)

Among the biological properties of propolis, the antimicrobial activity has received prominent attention. In this paper, we describe the antiviral and virucidal effect of three hydroalcoholic extracts of propolis (brown, green and jataí bees (Tetragonisca angustula), against bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhea Virus (BVDV). All hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained from ethanol extraction. The chemical composition of propolis extracts was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF/MS) to identify and quantify compounds such as caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic, and flavonoids such as rutin. Cell toxicity and antiviral activity of propolis extracts in monolayers of MDBK cells (Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney) were assessed by microscopic observation and quantified by the MTT assay (3- (4.5 dimethylthiazol-2yl) -2- 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolato bromine). Propolis extract from Jataí bees proved to be less cytotoxic (1.57mg / ml) when compared to green extracts (0.78mg / ml) and brown (0.39mg/mL). Regarding antiviral activity, propolis has shown greater efficacy in both cellular treatments (post and pre-exposure) against BoHV-1 when compared to other extracts, ie, there was increased cell viability compared to cell and virus controls. Extracts from Jataí showed activity against both viruses (BoHV-1 and BVDV) infection in the pre-test, whereas brown propolis demonstrated action only against the BoHV-1 in the pre-infection method. To determine the virucidal activity, it were used different dilutions of virus, as well as different temperatures and incubation times. The green propolis at 37°C led to a greater reduction in viral titer (4.33log) compared to brown (3.5log) and jataí (3.24log). Jataí propolis showed the best results in both temperatures (22oC and 37oC) when tested against BVDV. In summary, the evaluated extracts showed antiviral and virucidal activity against BoHV-1 and BVDV, and may be important targets for the development of new compounds as an alternative to commercial antivirals.(AU)

Anti-Helminthic Potential of Solvent Extracts of Indigenous Botanicals.

Ethno botanical studies reveal that the indigenous knowledge of a community is a key player in the identification of medicinal plants and such plants have been often tested by generations of indigenous people. In the present investigation, the hydro-alcoholic extracts of leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Swertia chirayta (Chirayta) were assessed for anti-helminthic potential against helminths (earthworms were used as model) at 10, 50 and 100 mg/ml. No anti-helminthic potential was observed at 10 mg/ml of dose of the hydro-alcoholic extracts of Swertia chirayta. The hydro-alcoholic extracts of both the plants showed significant anti-helminthic activity on selected worms at higher doses. Hydro-alcoholic leaves extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem) was found to be more active as compared to hydro-alcoholic whole plant extracts of Swertia chirayta (Chirayta) at concentration of 100 mg/ml. It was observed that with the variation in dose, the death time and paralysis time of the worms’ decreases. The results indicated that extracts possessed dose dependent anti-helminthic activity. The results were compared to Piperazine citrate and Albendazole (15 mg/ml). The hydro-alcoholic extracts demonstrated paralysis as well as death of worms in a less time in comparison to the standard drugs. The anti-helminthic activity of the extracts indicates the presence of active principle responsible for anti-helminthic activity.

Acción virucida directa sobre el virus influenza de un extracto de Punica granatum L (granada) / Direct virucidal action against influenza virus of an extract of Punica granatum L (granada)

INTRODUCCIÓN: la especie vegetal Punica granatum L. se conoce en Cuba como granada. A esta planta se le atribuye acción anticatarral en la medicina tradicional, entre otras propiedades. En estudios previos realizados al extracto hidroalcohólico liofilizado preparado con el fruto de esta planta, se informaron la presencia de numerosos componentes químicos, la mayoría flavonoides. Estos compuestos, unidos a la variedad de metabolitos secundarios detectados, le confieren a este liofilizado la posibilidad de poseer acción antiinfluenza, tal como ha sido demostrado en estudios previos del mismo. OBJETIVO: evaluar la acción virucida directa del extracto hidroalcohólico liofilizado de P. granatum frente a la cepa Influenza A/Mississippi/1/85 (H3N2), con diferentes variantes de tratamiento. MÉTODOS: las variantes de tratamiento directo se realizaron en 27 combinaciones de las variables; tiempo de contacto de: 60, 30 y 15 minutos; concentración del extracto de: 1000, 200 y 125 µg/mL y temperatura de incubación de la mezcla extracto-virus: 4, 25 y 37 0C. La presencia o no de la hemaglutinina del virus influenza en cada una de las muestras tratadas, se midió por la titulación de la Inhibición de la Hemaglutinación (IHA) y el título infectivo viral (DIE50). RESULTADOS: la concentración mínima efectiva para ejercer el extracto liofilizado, la acción virucida directa, in vitro, fue 125 µg/mL, a los 15 minutos. La acción virucida directa de éste extracto estuvo siempre presente en las diferentes temperaturas y tiempos de exposición ensayados. CONCLUSIONES: la variante de ensayo que utilizó 125 µg/mL, con independencia del tiempo y la temperatura de tratamiento, resultó suficiente efectiva para reducir la presencia de hemaglutinina del virus influenza.

INTRODUCTION: Punica granatum L. is known in Cuba as grenade. In traditional medicine, among other properties, antiflu action is attributed to this plant. In previous studies with the hydroalcoholic lyophilized extract, prepared with the fruit of this specie, several chemical compounds were reported, specially the presence of flavonoids. The variety of secondary metabolites detected for this lyophilized extract, added to a flavonoid fraction confers a high possibility of anti-influenza activity, as has been demonstrated in previous studies. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the virucidal activity of the hydroalcoholic lyophilized extract of P. granatum against Influenza A/Mississippi/1/85 (H3N2), with different schemes of treatments. METHODS: the different schemes of treatments included 27 variants of the variables such as contact time of 60, 30 and 15 minutes; extract concentration of 1000, 200 and 125 µg/mL; an incubation temperature of the mix extract-virus of 4, 25 and 37 0C; and the corresponding replicas. The presence or not of hemaglutinin of influenza virus in each one of the treated samples, was measured by titration of Hemaglutination Inhibition (HAI) and the Embryo Infection Doses (EID50). RESULTS: the minimal effective concentration to show in the hydroalcoholic lyophilized extract the direct virucidal action in vitro was 125 µg/mL, in 15 minutes of contact. This virucidal action was always present in the different assessed temperature and time exposures. CONCLUSIONS: the treatment of 125 µg/mL, regardless of time and temperature of treatment, was effective enough to reduce the presence of hemaglutinin of the influenza virus.

Evaluation of nootropic activity of Curcuma longa leaves in diazepam and scopolamine-induced amnesic mice and rat.

Background: The present study was undertaken to assess the nootropic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma longa leaves (HAECL) in diazepam-induced amnesia in mice using Morris water maze method and scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats by using elevated plus maze behavioral paradigm and its effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and reduced glutathione (GSH) level were carried out. Methods: Amnesia was induced by administration of diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) and scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg i.p.) and treatment groups received HAECL (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o) for 14 and 10 days in scopolamine and diazepam-induced amnesia model, respectively. The extent of improvement in memory was measured by behavioral paradigm. Finally, animals were sacrificed, and the whole brain was isolated for estimation of concentration of AChE and reduced GSH levels. Results: The oral treatment with HAECL with a dose 400 mg/kg has shown an enhancement in the memory function compared to 200 mg/kg. Conclusion: This could be by inhibiting the levels of cholinesterase concentration of enzyme and thereby increasing the concentration of acetylcholine level in brain and improving cognition-memory performance.

Determinação dos compostos fenólicos e da capacidade antioxidante de extratos aquosos e etanólicos de Jambolão (Syzygium cumini L. ) / Determination of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Jambul (Syzygium cumini)

RESUMO: A espécie Syzygium cumini conhecida como Jambolão é uma das plantas mais utilizadas na medicina popular principalmente no tratamento de febre, estomalgia, gastropatia e diabetes mellitus tipo 2. O rendimento extrativo de compostos bioativos, e mesmo sua propriedade farmacológica, no caso, a capacidade de desativação de radicais livres, são influenciados pelo método e solvente utilizados. No presente estudo foi avaliado o efeito de extração aquosa a quente e a frio, e as extrações hidroalcoólicas em quatro diferentes concentrações de etanol, de folhas e frutos de Jambolão em diferentes estágios de maturação. A quantificação de compostos fenólicos dos extratos foi realizada pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteau, enquanto o método para avaliar a atividade antirradical livre foi realizado através da capacidade de desativação do radical DPPH●. As folhas apresentaram maior quantidade de compostos fenólicos totais (237,52 mg. EAG100 g-1) em relação a qualquer dos cinco extratos dos frutos, independente do estágio de maturação destes. Entre os extratos dos frutos, aquele proveniente de frutos verdes apresentou maior quantidade de compostos fenólicos (109,17 mg.EAG100 g-1). A extração hidro-etanólica a 50% de etanol promoveu os maiores conteúdos de fenóis totais, independente do material vegetal. A maior atividade antirradical livre encontrada dentre os extratos mais ricos em fenóis foi obtida com frutos verdes, IC50 = 2,27 mg.mL-1, a partir da infusão a quente por 30 minutos. Nos extratos de folhas, a maior atividade antirradical livre encontrada foi IC50= 23,07 mg.mL-1 proveniente do extrato hidro-etanólico a 50 % (v/v)

ABSTRACT: Determination of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Jambul (Syzygium cumini). The species Syzygium cumini, known as Jambul, is one of the most used species in folk medicine because of the possible anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activity from its extracts. Studies looking for bioactive compounds in several species have tested many extraction methods evaluating the capacity of sequestration of different types of compounds. In the present study, the effects of hot and cold extraction, as well as hydroalcoholic extraction at four different concentrations were evaluated, using as plant material leaves and fruits at different stages of maturation. The content of phenolic compounds of the obtained extracts was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, as well as the antiradical activity by the DPPH● scavenging capacity. Analyzing the five different stages of fruit ripening compared to leaves, it was observed that the leaves had higher averages in the amounts of phenolic compounds (237.52 mg GAE 100 g-1) compared to the fruit, being the greenest fruit the one that had the highest amount of phenolic compounds (109.17 mg GAE 100 g-1) when compared to the other stages of maturation tested. The extraction using 50% ethanol showed the best phenol results regardless of the plant material used. The antioxidant activity in the best results for phenols showed a higher antioxidant activity for green fruits (IC50 2.27 mg.mL-1) compared to the leaves (IC50 23.07 mg.mL-1) regardless of the extract type used

Antidiabetic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Nardostachys jatamansi in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats.

A review of literature indicates that diabetes mellitus was fairly well known and well conceived as an entity in India with complications like angiopathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and causing neurological disorders. The antidiabetic study was carried out to estimate the anti hyperglycemic potential of Nardostachys Jatamansi rhizome’s hydro alcoholic extracts in alloxan induced diabetic rats over a period of two weeks. The hydroalcoholic extract HAE1 at a dose (500mg/kg) exhibited significant antihyperglycemic activity than extract HAE2 at a dose (500mg/kg) in diabetic rats. The hydroalcoholic extracts showed improvement in different parameters associated with diabetes, like body weight, lipid profile and biochemical parameters. Extracts also showed improvement in regeneration of β-cells of pancreas in diabetic rats. Histopathological studies strengthen the healing of pancreas by hydro alcoholic extracts (HAE1& HAE2) of Nardostachys Jatamansi, as a probable mechanism of their ant diabetic activity.

Atividade Antimicrobiana da Uncaria Tomentosa (Willd) D. C. / Antimicrobial activity of Uncaria tomentosa (Willd) DC

A Uncaria tomentosa (Willd) D. C. (unha de gato) é uma planta amplamente utilizada na medicina popular, originária da Amazônia. Possui atividades biológicas, como anti-inflamatória, antimutagênica e antioxidante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de U. tomentosa, seco e hidroalcoólico, obtido comercialmente, utilizando-se 12 cepas de microrganismos (6 Gram-positvas e 6 Gram-negativas). Os testes antimicrobianos foram realizados em ágar BHI pela técnica de difusão em ágar. Também foram determinadas a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Microbicida Mínima (CMM). Os testes demonstraram que os extratos inibiram o crescimento de bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, sendo o extrato hidroalcoólico mais eficiente que o extrato seco. Conclui-se que o extrato de U. tomentosa possui atividade antimicrobiana podendo ser utilizado como uma alternativa terapêutica de baixo custo...

The plant Uncaria tomentosa (Willd) DC. (cat's claw), found in the Amazon region and widely used in popular medicine, has anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to test the antimicrobial activity of two commercially prepared extracts of U. tomentosa, one dried extract of bark and the other hydroalcoholic leaf extract, against 12 strains of bacteria (6 Gram-positive and 6 Gram-negative). The antimicrobial tests were conducted by diffusion in BHI agar. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the Minimum Microbicidal Concentration (MMC) were also determined. The tests showed that both extracts inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, but the hydroalcoholic extract was more effective and also inhibited Gram-negative bacteria. It is concluded that the U. tomentosa extract has an antimicrobial activity and can be used as a low-cost alternative treatment...

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunostimulatory effects of Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc. (Malvaceae) bark

Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae) is a plant widely used for treatment of various inflammatory and infectious conditions; however few reports discuss its biological properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects as well as the macrophage activity in mice treated with the hydroalcoholic crude extract of L. divaricata (CLD). Thin layer chromatography revealed presence of epicathequin, stigmasterol, lupeol and α,β-amyrin in the extract. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, animals were subjected to paw edema induced by carrageenan test, writhing, formalin and capsaicin tests. Immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by adhesion and phagocytic capacity, lysosomal volume, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by peritoneal macrophages, after daily treatment with CLD for 15 days. CLD promoted reduction in paw edema (36.8% and 50.2%; p<0.05 at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively), inhibited writhing behavior at the higher dose (64.4%, p<0.05), reduced formalin reactivity (81.2% and 91.6% at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively, p<0.05), and reduced capsaicin reactivity by 63.9% (300 mg/kg). CLD (200 mg• kg-1• day-1) increased phagocytosis capacity of macrophages (~3 fold, p<0.05), neutral red uptake (~50%, p<0.001), and ROS production (~90%, p<0.001). These data suggest that CLD possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunostimulatory properties.

Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae) é utilizada para o tratamento de várias condições patológicas, entretanto, há poucos relatos sobre sua bioatividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito anti-inflamatório e analgésico, bem como a atividade de macrófagos em camundongos tratados com extrato bruto hidroalcoólico (CLD) da planta. Cromatografia em camada delgada revelou a presença de epicatequina, estigmasterol, lupeol e α,β-amirina no material. Para avaliar a atividade anti-inflamatória e analgésica, animais foram submetidos a teste de edema de pata induzido por carragenana, teste de contorções, da formalina e da capsaicina. A atividade imunomodulatória foi avaliada pela capacidade de adesão e de fagocitose dos macrófagos, volume lisossômico e produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS), após tratamento diário com CLD por 15 dias. CLD promoveu redução do edema de pata (36,8% e 50,2%; 100 e 300 mg/kg, respectivamente; p<0,05), redução do número de contorções (64,4%; 300 mg/kg; p<0,05), redução da reatividade no teste da formalina (81,2% e 91,6%; 100 e 300 mg/kg, respectivamente; p<0,05), e no teste da capsaicina em 63,9% (300 mg/kg). CLD (200 mg• kg-1• day-1) aumentou capacidade de fagocitose dos macrófagos (~3 vezes, p<0,05), volume lisossômico (~50%, p<0,001) e produção de ROS (~90%, p<0,001). Estes dados sugerem que o CLD possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias, analgésicas e imunoestimulatórias.

Pharmacological activity of the hydroalcoholic extract from Hovenia dulcis thunberg fruit and the flavonoid dihydromyricetin during hypercholesterolemia induced in rats

Cerebrovascular accidents and coronary artery disease are the leading causes of cardiovascular mortalities in Brazil and high levels of LDL cholesterol are one of the main risk factors. In this context, several plant extracts and natural substances have shown promise as cholesterol-lowering. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of the fruit of H. dulcis and of dihydromyricetin in cholesterol reduction in hypercholesterolemic rats. Forty-two Wistar male rats were distributed into seven groups of six animals that received diets supplemented with 1% cholesterol and 0.3% cholic acid, with the exception of the control group, which received conventional diets. Animals were treated with oral suspensions containing: atorvastatin 1.0 mg/kg; H. dulcis extract at 50.0 and 100.0 mg/kg and dihydromyricetin at 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg vehicle (control group). The following biochemical markers were evaluated; total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase. The hypercholesterolemic diet was effective in inducing hypercholesterolemia, increasing total cholesterol by 112.7% relative to the control group. The treatments with two doses of the extract proved to be promising hypocholesterolemic agents, as they were able to substantially reduce total cholesterol and LDL-C, without significantly altering triglycerides, hepatic transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase, thereby encouraging the studies with the plant H. dulcis. The groups treated with the flavonoid dihydromyricetin, although they showed a significant reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-C, and found increases in triglycerides and hepatic transaminases, which is unwanted in the context of hypercholesterolaemia.

No Brasil, o acidente vascular cerebral e a doença arterial coronariana constituem as principais causas de mortalidade cardiovascular, sendo os altos níveis de colesterol LDL um dos principais fatores de risco. Nesse contexto, diversos extratos vegetais e substâncias naturais isoladas têm se mostrado promissoras como hipocolesterolemiantes. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial do extrato hidroalcoólico dos frutos de Hovenia dulcis e do flavonóide diidromiricetina na redução do colesterol em ratos hipercolesterolêmicos. Quarenta e dois ratos Wistar machos, foram distribuídos em 7 grupos de 6 animais, que receberam dieta suplementada com 1% de colesterol e 0,3% de ácido cólico, à exceção do grupo controle, que recebeu ração convencional. Posteriormente, os animais foram tratados com suspensões orais contendo: atorvastatina 1,0 mg/kg; extrato de H. dulcis de 50,0 e 100,0 mg/kg; diidromiricetina de 25,0 e 50,0 mg/kg e veículo (grupo controle). Avaliaram-se os parâmetros bioquímicos: colesterol total, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglicérides, AST, ALT e fosfatase alcalina. A dieta hipercolesterolêmica foi efetiva na indução da hipercolesterolemia, aumentando o colesterol total em 112,7% em relação ao controle. Os tratamentos com as duas doses do extrato mostraram-se promissores como agentes hipocolesterolemiantes, já que foram capazes de reduzir substancialmente o colesterol total e LDL-C, sem alterar significativamente triglicérides, as transaminases hepáticas e a fosfatase alcalina, incentivando, assim, a continuidade de estudos com a planta H. dulcis. Já os grupos tratados com o flavonóide diidromiricetina, apesar de apresentarem redução significativa do colesterol total e de LDL-C, apresentaram elevações nos triglicérides e nos parâmetros hepáticos, resultado indesejável no âmbito das hipercolesterolemias.

Acute oral toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Lampaya medicinalis Phil in rats

BACKGROUND: Algesia and inflammation are related with several pathological conditions. It is known that many drugs available for the treatment of these problems cause unwanted side effects. This study was aimed at evaluating acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of Lampaya medicinalis Phil. (Verbenaceae) widely used in the folk medicine of Northern Chile against rheumatism, arthritis and body joints pain. RESULTS: Oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) at the highest dose of 3000 mg/ Kg body weight resulted in no mortalities or evidence of significant behavioral changes. Histological examination revealed normal architecture and no significant adverse effects were observed on the liver, kidney, heart, lung or ovaries and testicles. The results suggest that the oral administration of hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) from Lampaya medicinalis did not produce any toxic effect in rats. Hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) significantly inhibited the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema in dose - response relationship, at test doses of 37.5, 75, 150 and 300 mg/Kg body weight. Maximum inhibition (61.98 ± 2.69%) was noted at 300 mg/Kg after 2 h of drug treatment carrageenan induced paw edema, whereas indomethacin produced 47.90 ± 1.16% of inhibition. The inhibitory values of edema at 3 h postcarrageenan were 31.04±0.75%, 40.51 ± 2.36%, 48.97 ± 1.14% and 56.87 ± 0.41% for 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg of extract respectively. Indomethacin (10 mg/Kg) gave a percentage inhibition of 49.44 ± 1.44. HAE (300 and 150 mg/kg) induced an anti-inflammatory effect greater than (or comparable) with the effect of indomethacin from 2nd to 4th hours of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal for first time that compounds contained in the hydroalcoholic extract ofLampaya medicinalis Phil exert anti-inflammatory effect and the oral administration is safe and non toxic up to dose level 3000 mg/kg body weight. The anti-inflammatory activity may be associated with the presence of flavonoids. These findings also justify the traditional use of the plant for treating pain.

Efecto del extracto hidroalcohólico de Zingiber officinale Roscoe (jengibre) en modelo de hepatotoxicidad en ratas / Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger) in the model of hepatotoxicity in rats

Introducción: el rizoma de Zingiber officinale Roscoe (jengibre) familia Zingiberaceae, presenta actividad antioxidante como atrapador de radicales libres y de protección en lipoperoxidación en modelos in vivo e in vitro, debido a sus principales compuestos bioactivos. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del extracto hidroalcohólico obtenido de Zingiber officinalis en el modelo de hepatotoxicidad por sobredosis de acetaminofén en ratas. Métodos: se preparó un extracto hidroalcohólico del rizoma fresco de Zingiber officinalis. Se utilizaron 42 ratas Wistar, albinas, macho (180-200 g de peso) y se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en 7 grupos (n= 6); 4 grupos fueron administrados con extracto hidroalcohólico vía oral (20,08; 54,58; 148,4 y 244,69 mg/kg) en pretratamiento, durante 8 días consecutivos. En el octavo se administró acetaminofén (750 mg/kg) intraperitoneal. Otro grupo recibió N-acetil-cisteína (1 200 mg/kg) dosis única + acetaminofén, y el grupo control solo sobredosis de acetaminofén. Se obtuvieron muestras séricas para cuantificar las enzimas alanino amino transferasa, y aspartato amino transferasa. Se realizó un estudio histopatológico del hígado en cada uno de los grupos tratados. Resultados: el extracto etanólico del jengibre redujo los niveles de enzimas hepáticas de manera dosis-dependiente. La reducción observada en la dosis de 244,69 mg/kg resultó de 54,3 % (alanino amino transferasa) y 55,5 % (aspartato amino transferasa), comparable al efecto de reducción por la N-acetil-cisteína (45,5 %), el cual fue significativo (p< 0,01) comparado con el grupo de daño hepático inducido por acetaminofén. El estudio histopatológico del tejido hepático dañado mostró diferencias, en comparación con el perfil de protección en los grupos tratados. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran la actividad hepatoprotectora del extracto de jengibre, en el modelo de hepatotoxicidad por sobredosis de acetaminofén en ratas. El consumo concomitante del jengibre normalizó los niveles de enzimas y limitó el daño hepático, lo cual está asociado a la actividad de desintoxicación y a un mejor estado antioxidante.

Introduction: rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Ginger) have strong antioxidant activity as free-radical trapper and protection against lipid peroxidation in vivo and in vitro models, from its main bioactive compounds. Objectives: to evaluate the effect of a hydroalcoholic extract of Zingiber officinalis in the model of hepatotoxicity after acetaminophen overdose in rats. Methods: a macerated hydroalcoholic extract was prepared (70 % v:v) from the fresh rhizome of Zingiber officinale.42 male Wistar albino rats (180-200 g) of weight were randomly distributed in seven groups (n= 6). Four groups were administrated with hydroalcoholic extract doses orally (20.08, 54.58, 148.4 y 244.69 mg/kg) in a pre-treatment for eight consecutive days. In the eighth group, intraperitoneal acetaminophen (750 mg/kg) was administered. Other treatment group received N-acetyl-cysteine (1 200 mg/kg) as a single dose and acetaminophen, and the control group only received an overdose of acetaminophen. Serum samples were obtained for each group to quantify the alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase enzymes. A histopathological examination of the liver was performed for all groups. Results: ethanolic ginger extracts reduced serum levels of the hepatic enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. Reduction by 244.6 mg/kg dose of alanine amino transferase (54.3 %) and aspartate amino transferase (55.5 %) was comparable to N-acetyl-cysteine (45.5 %), the effect was significantly (p< 0.01) compared with the control group with hepatic damage induced by acetaminophen. Histopathological assessment of liver tissue damage showed differences as compared with the protective profile in the groups. Conclusions: these findings outline the hepatoprotective activity of ginger extract against hepatotoxicity after acetaminophen overdose, in a dose-dependent manner. Concomitantly, intake of ginger in rats normalized the host liver enzymes related to the detoxificant activity of xenobiotic compounds, providing a better antioxidant-cytoprotector status.

Actividad antibacteriana de los extractos de Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (jambolán) frente a los microorganismos asociados a la mastitis bovina / Antibacterial activity of extracts of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (jambolão), against microorganisms associated with bovine mastitis

Introducción: la aparición de cepas bacterianas resistentes a los antibióticos ha estimulado el desarrollo de nuevas líneas de investigación, basadas en las propiedades antibacterianas de plantas utilizadas en medicina popular. La medicina veterinaria ha estado tomando para sí los beneficios de la medicina tradicional, en un intento de sustituir el uso de antibióticos en el tratamiento y la prevención de la mastitis. Objetivo: evaluar la actividad antibacteriana de los extractos hidralcohólicos de Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, en comparación con las bacterias relacionadas en la mastitis bovina. Métodos: se obtuvieron extractos de hojas frescas con alcohol a 92,8° y de hojas secas con alcohol a 70°. La actividad antimicrobiana de plantas se evaluó utilizando la técnica de microdilución. Resultados: los extractos de hojas frescas mostraron una actividad mejor en comparación con los de hojas secas, con valores de concentración mínima inhibitoria de 1,5 a 50 %, en comparación con los diferentes microorganismos. Se destaca como más eficaz contra todo estudio el Streptococcus, con la concentración mínima inhibitoria igual a 3,1; 1,5 y 1,9 % para Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalacteae y Streptococcus dysgalacteae, respectivamente. Conclusiones: estos resultados sugieren que el uso de hojas de esta especie de planta puede constituir una alternativa viable para la prevención y el tratamiento de la mastitis bovina.

Introduction: the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics has stimulated the development of new lines of research based on the antibacterial properties of plants used in folk medicine. Veterinary medicine has been taking for itself the benefits of traditional medicine in an attempt to replace the use of antibiotics in the treatment and prevention of mastitis. Objective: this study is aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, compared to bacteria related to bovine mastitis. Methods: the extracts were obtained from fresh leaves with ethanol at 92.8° and leaves with ethanol at 70°. The antimicrobial activity of plants was evaluated using the microdilution technique. Results: the hydroalcoholic extracts fresh plant showed better activity compared with the hydroalcoholic extracts dry leaf, with minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.5 to 50 % compared to the different microorganisms; highlighting Streptococcus as more effective against all study, with minimal inhibitory concentration equal to 3.1, 1.5, and 1.9 % for Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalacteae, and Streptococcus dysgalacteae, respectively. Conclusions: these results suggest that the use of leaves of this plant species may constitute a viable alternative for the prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis.

Box-Behnken design to study the bergenin content and antioxidant activity of Endopleura uchi bark extracts obtained by dynamic maceration

Brazil has one of the world's largest biodiversity in flora and a plant that has attracted attention is the Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec., Humiriaceae, which is native of the Brazilian Amazon. Among the many popular uses, this species is utilized in the treatment of woman's genito urinary tract affections and also as anti-inflammatory. It is believed that their actions derive from the major constituent, bergenin. The objective of this work was to study the Endopleura uchi barks extraction using the dynamic maceration method and the effects of the extraction time, drug to solvent ratio and temperature. A Box-Behnken design was applied to study the influence of these factors and the respective response surfaces. The extract characterization was made by determination of its antioxidant activity by DPPH; total polyphenol content and bergenin content. In general, the extracts showed good antioxidant activity, with the IC50 ranging from 4.02 to 5.87 µg/mL. The polyphenol content ranged from 31.89 to 47.82%. High levels of chemical markers are observed in all extracts, with average bergenin content of 35.58%. The result showed that the multivariate study of extraction is key step in the development and standardization of extracts Endopleura uchi.