Efficacy of fitting HydroCone (Toris K) contact lenses for the visual rehabilitation of patients with posterior microphthalmos / Eficácia da adaptação de lentes de contato HydroCone (Toris K) para reabilitação visual de pacientes com microftalmia posterior

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of soft HydroCone silicone hydrogel contact lenses in patients with posterior microphthalmos. Methods: The charts of 13 patients with posterior microphthalmos (26 eyes) who were fitted with soft HydroCone silicone hydrogel contact lenses were reviewed retrospectively. All the patients underwent assessments of uncorrected and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity and cycloplegic refraction. They were fitted with contact lenses according to the parameter values obtained from the topographical analysis and best contact lens-corrected visual acuity measurement. Results: The spherical equivalents of the right and left eyes ranged from 10.00 to 19.25 diopters and from 11.00 to 21.5 diopters, respectively. The mean axial and posterior chamber lengths were shorter than those of the age-matched population. However, the mean values of the anterior segment parameters such as horizontal visible iris diameter, central anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and central corneal thickness were in the normal range. The mean keratometric measurements revealed increased corneal curvature compared with that in the normal population. The mean best contact lens-corrected visual acuity was significantly higher than the mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity for both eyes (p=0.045). Conclusion: HydroCone silicon soft contact lenses provided better visual acuity than spectacles in the patients with posterior microphthalmos in this study.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia das lentes de contato gelatinosas HydroCone, de hidrogel com silicone, em pacientes com microftalmia posterior. Métodos: Foram revisados retrospectivamente 26 olhos com microftalmia posterior, a partir dos prontuários de 13 pacientes que receberam lentes de contato gelatinosas HydroCone, de hidrogel com silicone. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos ao exame de acuidade visual não corrigida e com melhor correção por óculos e com refração cicloplégica. Todos os pacientes receberam lentes de contato de acordo com os parâmetros obtidos na análise topográfica e foi obtida a melhor acuidade visual corrigida com lentes de contato. Resultados: O equivalente esférico do olho direito variou de 10,00 a 19,25 dioptrias, e o do olho esquerdo de 11,00 a 21,5 dioptrias. Os comprimentos médios axiais e das câmaras posteriores foram menores do que para a população de mesma idade. No entanto, os valores médios dos parâmetros do segmento anterior, como o diâmetro horizontal visível da íris, a profundidade da câmara anterior central, a espessura da lente e a espessura central da córnea estavam dentro da faixa normal. Os valores médios da ceratometria revelaram curvatura corneana aumentada em relação à população normal. A média da melhor acuidade visual corrigida com lentes de contato foi significativamente maior que a média da melhor acuidade visual corrigida com óculos em ambos os olhos (p=0,045). Conclusão: As lentes de contato gelatinosas de silicone HydroCone proporcionam melhor acuidade visual que óculos em pacientes com microftalmia posterior.

Hydrophilic Intraocular Lens Opacification � A Case Report

Purpose : To report a case of late opacification of the hydrophilic acrylic Intraocular Lens (IOL) after uneventful Cataract Surgery. Methods : A 60-year-old male presented with chief complaint of gradual diminution of vision in right eye over the past one year. He was Normotensive, Non-diabetic and had a normal Lipid Profile. History revealed that he underwent uneventful phacoemulsification with posterior chamber hydrophilic intraocular in the bag implantation for pre-senile cataract in his Right Eye ten years ago. He had the best corrected visual acuity of 6/6 in his Right Eye for nine years Post Cataract Surgery. Slit-lamp examination confirmed Intraocular Lens Opacification. Results : Intraocular Lens exchange was performed in his Right Eye. The hydrophilic IOL was replaced with poly methyl methacrylate intraocular lens. The explanted IOL showed uniform grayish-white opacification. Post operative period was uneventful. Intraocular pressure by applanation tonometry was 16.4 mm Hg in both the eyes. Patient抯 best corrected visual acuity was 6/6 with -1 D Cyl. at 90 degree, Postoperatively. Over a follow up period of one year, the patient did not develop complications like posterior capsular IOL opacification. Conclusion: Intraocular Lens opacification is an extremely rare late postoperative complication of Phacoemulsification which can be managed effectively by IOL exchange procedure in cases of opacified IOL optics causing visual morbidity

Simultaneously quantitative analysis of 35 components in gualoupi injection using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry / 药学学报

A hydrophilic interaction chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous quantification of 35 components in gualoupi injection. The analytes were separated with an ACQUITY XBridge Amide column using 20 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate aqueous solution (pH 3.0) as mobile phase A and 20 mmol·L-1 ammonium formate (pH 3.0)∶acetonitrile (1∶9) as mobile phase B for gradient elution. Mass spectrometry with dynamic multiple reaction monitoring and external standard method were used for quantitative analysis. A total of 35 components were determined in 10 batches of gualoupi injection. The results showed that the 35 compounds had a good linear relationship within their respective concentration ranges with the correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.998 0), the recoveries ranged from 76.6% to 118.5%. The results showed that γ-aminobutyric acid, trigonelline, alanine, threonine, homoserine, citrulline, and leucine were abundant in gualoupi injection, while nicotinamide, methylsuccinic acid, cytosine and choline account for a low percentege. The present study provides an important reference for elucidation of the effective material basis and the improvement of quality standard of gualoupi injection.

Comparative analysis of biofilm formation by Candida albicans and Candida krusei in different types of contact lenses / Análise comparativa da formação de biofilmes, por Candida albicans e Candida krusei, em diferentes tipos de lentes de contato

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the Candida krusei and Candida albicans biofilm formation abilities on 5 different types of contact lenses and compare their metabolic activities and biomass. Methods: After biofilm formation by both the test species, their metabolic activity was assessed by the 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide reduction assay with menadione, while the biomass was determined by staining with 0.4% crystal violet dye for further statistical analysis. Results: Both the Candida species could form biofilms on different types of contact lenses, with greater metabolic activities and lower biomass formation in rigid gas permeable lenses. Conclusion: Biofilm formation with greater metabolic activity and greater biomass were expected on soft contact lenses considering their surface hydrophobicity. However, the results demonstrated a greater metabolic activity on rigid contact lenses. This result has a great significance with regards to the increasing risk of microbial keratitis, although further studies are warranted to better elucidate the formation of biofilms on different types of contact lens materials in the future.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade de formação de bio­filmes de Candida krusei e Candida albicans em cinco tipos de lentes de contato, comparando atividade metabólica e biomassa dos mesmos. Métodos: Após a formação de biofilme de ambas as espécies, a atividade metabólica foi avaliada por ensaio de redução 2,3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-te­tra­zolium-5-carboxanilide com Menadiona, e a biomassa foi avaliada por coloração com Cristal Violeta 0,4% para posterior análise estatística. Resultados: Ambas as espécies de Candida foram capazes de formar biofilmes nos diferentes tipos de lentes de contato, havendo em lentes rígidas gás permeável maior atividade metabólica e menor biomassa formada. Conclusão: Esperava-se a obtenção de biofilmes de maior atividade metabólica e maior biomassa em lentes de contato gelatinosas com base no fundamento da Hidrofobicidade Superficial. Porém, o resultado apontou para maior atividade metabólica em lentes de contato rígidas. Apesar de observados resultados significativos, trata-se de um assunto de grande importância frente ao aumento do número de ceratites microbianas, mostrando-se necessários outros estudos para melhor elucidar a formação de biofilmes em diferentes tipos de materiais de lentes de contato.

Effectiveness of different orthodontic adhesives and a universal bonding resin on the bond strength of brackets to different ceramics / Eficácia de diferentes adesivos ortodônticos e uma resina de ligação universal na resistência adesiva de bráquetes à diferentes cerâmicas

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different adhesives on the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to different ceramic materials. Material and Methods: Fifty disk-shaped specimens were produced from lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD) and monolithic zirconia (Cercon) materials. Each specimen was polished with a three-step diamond polishing system. The polished ceramic surfaces were conditioned with universal bonding resin (Assure Plus) without pre-treatment, except for two specimens. Central brackets were bonded onto different ceramic specimens with different adhesives as follows: group 1: conventional adhesive onto the lithium disilicate; group 2: one-step adhesive onto the lithium disilicate; group 3: conventional adhesive onto the monolithic zirconia; group 4: one-step adhesive onto the monolithic zirconia. After thermal cycling, the specimens were subjected to the SBS test. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were also recorded to evaluate bond failure type. Kruskal­Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were statistically significant differences among the SBS values (p˂0.05). The monolithic zirconia group with universal bonding resin and conventional orthodontic adhesive demonstrated the highest SBS value (6.34 MPa) and ARI scores. The lithium disilicate group showed the lowest SBS value (2.17 MPa) with the same protocol. No adhesive remained on the lithium disilicate specimens. Conclusion: One-step adhesive and universal bonding resin combination should not be considered as an alternative for lithium disilicate and monolithic zirconia restorations. Conventional adhesive and universal bonding resin application can be effective on non-pretreated ceramic surfaces during orthodontic bonding (AU)

Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de diferentes adesivos na resistência ao cisalhamento (SBS) de bráquetes colados a diferentes materiais cerâmicos. Material e métodos: Cinquenta espécimes em forma de disco foram produzidos a partir de materiais de dissilicato de lítio (IPS e.max CAD) e zircônia monolítica (Cercon). Cada amostra foi polida com um sistema de polimento de diamante de três passos. As superfícies cerâmicas polidas foram condicionadas com resina de ligação universal (Assure Plus) sem pré-tratamento, exceto para dois corpos-de-prova. Bráquetes centrais foram colados em diferentes corpos de prova cerâmicos com diferentes adesivos da seguinte forma: grupo 1: adesivo convencional sobre dissilicato de lítio; grupo 2: adesivo de uma etapa sobre o dissilicato de lítio; grupo 3: adesivo convencional sobre zircônia monolítica; grupo 4: adesivo de uma etapa sobre a zircônia monolítica. Após a ciclagem térmica, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos ao teste SBS. Os escores do índice de remanescente adesivo (ARI) também foram registrados para avaliar o tipo de falha de adesão. Os testes U de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney foram usados para análise estatística. Resultados: Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os valores de SBS (p˂0,05). O grupo de zircônia monolítica com resina de colagem universal e adesivo ortodôntico convencional demonstrou o maior valor de SBS (6,34 MPa) e escores de ARI. O grupo de dissilicato de lítio apresentou o menor valor de SBS (2,17 MPa) com o mesmo protocolo. Nenhum adesivo permaneceu nas amostras de dissilicato de lítio. Conclusão: A combinação de adesivo de uma etapa e resina de ligação universal não deve ser considerada como uma alternativa para restaurações de dissilicato de lítio e zircônia monolítica. A aplicação de adesivo convencional e resina de colagem universal podem ser eficazes em superfícies de cerâmica não pré-tratadas durante a colagem ortodôntica (AU)

Analysis of chemical constituents in classical prescription Danggui Buxue Decoction based on RP-Q-TOF-MS and HILIC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents of classical prescription Danggui Buxue Decoction were analyzed by reversed-phase(RP) chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography(HILIC) coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RP separation of Danggui Buxue Decoction was performed on ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm), while HILIC separation was on Waters BEH Amide(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm). Mass spectrometry(MS) data were acquired in both negative and positive ion modes. Chemical constituents of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix were searched from Reaxys and thus the in-house library was established. MS data were further analyzed by MassLynx 4.1 combined with in-house library, HMDB, Reaxys, and comparison with reference substances. In conclusion, a total of 154 compounds were identified and characterized: 16 saponins, 44 flavonoids, 10 phthalides, 7 phenylpropanoids, 15 bases and the corresponding nucleosides, 30 oligosaccharides, and 32 other compounds. Among them, 65 compounds were detected by HILIC-MS/MS. This study provides experimental evidences for the material basis research, quality control, and preparation development of Danggui Buxue Decoction and a reference method for comprehensive characterization of Chinese medicine decoctions typified by classical prescriptions.

Rapid fabrication of zwitterionic sulfobetaine vinylimidazole-based monoliths via photoinitiated copolymerization for hydrophilic interaction chromatography / 药物分析学报

Zwitterionic sulfobetaine-based monolithic stationary phases have attracted increasing attention for their use in hydrophilic interaction chromatography.In this study,a novel hydrophilic polymeric monolith was fabricated through photo-initiated copolymerization of 3-(3-vinyl-1-imidazolio)-l-propanesulfonate(SBVI)with pentaerythritol triacrylate using methanol and tetrahydrofuran as the porogenic system.Notably,the duration for the preparation of this novel monolith was as little as 5 min,which was significantly shorter than that required for previously reported sulfobetaine-based monoliths prepared via conventional thermally initiated copolymerization.Moreover,these monoliths showed good morphology,permeability,porosity(62.4％),mechanical strength(over 15 MPa),column efficiency(51,230 plates/m),and reproducibility(relative standard deviations for all analytes were lower than 4.6％).Mechanistic studies indicated that strong hydrophilic and negative electrostatic interactions might be responsible for the retention of polar analytes on the zwitterionic SBVI-based monolith.In particular,the resulting monolith exhibited good anti-protein adhesion ability and low nonspecific protein adsorption.These excellent features seem to favor its application in bioanalysis.Therefore,the novel zwitterionic sulfobetaine-based monolith was successfully employed for the highly selective separation of small bioactive compounds and the efficient enrichment of N-glycopeptides from complex samples.In this study,we prepared a novel zwitterionic sulfobetaine-based monolith with good performance and developed a simpler and faster method for preparation of zwitterionic monoliths.

Research progress on enhancing biological activity of titanium implants by chairside ultraviolet photofunctionalization / 口腔疾病防治

@#Excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility resulted in titanium and titanium alloys being widely used in the medical field. However, the biological activity of atitanium surface will gradually fade with increasing exposure time, which affects its final osseointegration. As an effective surface modification method, ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization does not change the surface morphology of implants and is a suitable surface treatment for many brands of implants. This article summarizes the research progress on the effect of UV photofunctionalization technology on the characteristics of titanium surfaces, biological activity and implant osseointegration, as well as its current clinical applications. Studies have shown that the superhydrophilicity of the titanium surface and improved biological activity endowed by UV photofunctionalization can accelerate and enhance bone formation, resulting in a higher success rate of implant surgery. Therefore, UV photofunctionalization has great potential for clinical chairside applications.

Determination of eight high polar pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 环境与职业医学

Background The production and consumption of high polar pesticides in China are the largest in the world. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a method with fast analysis, large flux, and high accuracy to determine the residues of these pesticides in food. Objective To establish a method for the determination of eight highly polar pesticides [chlormequat, paraquat, difenzoquat, cyromazine, propamocarb, glyphosate, (aminomethyl)-phosphonic acid, and glufosinate] in vegetables and fruits by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods After comparing various types of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) columns, and optimizing pH value and buffer concentration of mobile phase, effective chromatographic retention and separation of selected eight pesticides were achieved. Based on the optimization of mass spectrometry under chromatographic conditions, a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) channel of target compounds was established. In the sample pretreatment, through optimization of water content, extraction solvent, and purification method, a final MRM mode of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for detection, and the isotope internal standard method was used for quantification. The accuracy and the precision of the method were evaluated using recovery and relative standard deviation. The established method was applied to detect 57 samples of retail vegetables and fruits to investigate the adaptability of the proposed method and the residual levels of selected high polar pesticides. Results For positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) detection, we chose Sielc Obelisc R as chromatographic column, and 20 mmol·L−1 ammonium formate solution (pH=3±0.05) and acetonitrile as mobile phase; for negative ion electrospray ionization (ESI−) detection, we chose Shodex Asahipak NH2P-50 2D as chromatographic column, and 5 mmol·L−1 ammonium acetate solution (pH=11±0.05) and acetonitrile as mobile phase to obtain good chromatographic separation and peak shape. Under the optimal conditions of sample water content standardization, using 2% acidified methanol as extraction solvent, and C18 dispersed solid phase extraction purification, the linearity ranges of five analytes (chlormequat, paraquat, difenzoquat, cyromazine, and propamocarb) and three analytes [glyphosate, (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid, and glufosinate] were 1.00-100 μg·L−1 and 5.00-500 μg·L−1 (both correlation coefficients>0.999) respectively, the detection limits were 0.002-0.010 mg·kg−1, and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.005-0.025 mg·kg−1. At three spiked levels (LOQ, 2LOQ, and 5LOQ), the recoveries were in the range of 85.3%–113.2%, and the relative standard deviations were 1.5%–9.5% (n=6). Three target pesticides (chlormequat, cyromazine, and propamocarb) were detected in 57 samples of retail vegetables and fruits, and the residue of chlormequat in cowpea exceeded the maximum residue limit. Conclusion The established method of HILIC combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and isotopic internal standard quantification has the characteristics of simplicity, stability, and easy operation, which is suitable for rapid screening and quantitative detection of selected eight high polar pesticide residues in large quantities of vegetables and fruits, and provides technical support for monitoring and risk assessment of high polar pesticide residues.

Research progress of superhydrophilic implants / 中国基层医药

In the past few decades, some studies reported that changing the specific surface properties of titanium implants, such as surface morphology, surface chemistry, surface charge and wettability, improved the bone bonding ability of titanium implants. Based on the existing evidence, this review paper analyzes the methods and characteristics of surface chemical modification of the superhydrophilic implants (Thommen INICELL?) that were listed in China in recent years, and clarifies the process of early osseointegration from the viewpoint of histomorphology, and evaluates its clinical application effects.

Determination of 7 aminoglycoside antibiotics residues in bear bile powder by mix-mode SPE-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry / 药学学报

An analytical method was developed for determination of 7 aminoglycosides antibiotics in bear bile powder by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The samples were purified by mix-mode weak cation exchange and reversed-phase SPE. Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH Amide column (100 mm × 3.0 mm, 1.7 μm) was used with 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution-0.2% formic acid acetonitrile solution as mobile phases by gradient elution. The aminoglycosides were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Spectinomycin, streptomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin, apramycin and neomycin possessed good linear correlation in the respective concentration ranges, with the correlation coefficients more than 0.99. The mean recoveries at 3 spiked levels were in the range of 61.3%～127.3%, and the RSDs were 0.1%～1.9%. The limits of quantification were 0.2～1.0 mg·kg-1. The method had been applied to the analysis of actual samples.

Experience of applying cosmetic Etafilcon A contact lens in cases with microcornea / Experiência de aplicação de lentes de contato cosméticas Etafilcon A em casos de microcórnea

ABSTRACT Purpose: Microcornea is a rare condition that frequently resulets in serious cosmetic concerns due to the resultant asymmetrical appearance of the eye, and its cosmetic rehabilitation is possible with the use of colored contact lenses. This paper aims to present our experiences with the use of cosmetic Etafilcon A contact lenses for microcornea. Methods: Eight patients with unilateral microcornea without any systemic involvement were included in this study, and they underwent routine ophthalmological examination, corneal topography, and optical biometry. We applied the cosmetic Etafilcon A contact lens (1-DAY ACUVUE® DEFINE® with Lacreon®) of the same edge color to the patients. The levels of satisfaction in terms of cosmesis and comfort were evaluated with the use of visual analog scales (VAS). Results: In the patients, the corneal diameter asymmetry was acceptably adjusted, and each of the patients reported extreme satisfaction. The mean VAS score was 8.9 ± 1.0 (range: 7-10) for the cosmetic satisfaction rate and 8.4 ± 1.0 (range: 7-10) for the comfort rate. The patients obtained the best-corrected visual acuity without or with additional eye-glasses. None of the patients complained about vision issues under photopic and scotopic conditions. Conclusion: 1-DAY ACUVUE® DEFINE® with Lacreon® lens has promising satisfactory cosmetic outcomes along with visual enhancement in cases of microcornea. This is the first study to report the use of this lens for the cosmetic rehabilitation of patients with microcornea.

RESUMO Objetivo: A microcórnea é uma afecção rara, que frequentemente causa graves queixas estéticas devido a uma aparência assimétrica, mas passível de reabilitação estética através de lentes de contato coloridas. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar nossas experiências no uso de lentes de contato cosméticas Etafilcon A em casos de microcórnea. Métodos: Oito pacientes com microcórnea unilateral, sem acometimento sistêmico, foram incluídos e submetidos a exame oftalmológico de rotina, topografia corneana e biometria óptica. Aplicamos nos pacientes uma lente de contato cosmética Etafilcon A (1-Day Acuvue® Define® com Lacreon®) da mesma cor da borda da córnea dos pacientes. Os níveis de satisfação em termos de estética e conforto foram avaliados por meio de escalas visuais analógicas (EVA). Resultados: A assimetria do diâmetro da córnea foi corrigida em um grau aceitável e todos os pacientes ficaram muito satisfeitos. A pontuação média da EVA foi de 8,9 ± 1,0 (variação: 7-10) para o grau de satisfação estética e 8,4 ± 1,0 (intervalo: 7-10) para o grau de conforto. Os pacientes obtiveram a melhor acuidade visual corrigida com ou sem óculos adicionais. Não houve queixas visuais em condições fotópicas ou escotópicas. Conclusão: A lente 1-Day Acuvue® Define® com Lacreon® é promissora em termos de resultados estéticos satisfatórios, bem como de melhoria da visão em casos de microcórnea. Este é o primeiro estudo a relatar o uso dessa lente na reabilitação cosmética de pacientes com microcórnea.

Advances in Polymer Hydrophilic Lubricating Coatings for Medical Catheters / 中国医疗器械杂志

Polymer hydrophilic lubricating coatings for medical catheters refer to highly hydrophilic coating films fixed on the surface of catheters with binding force, which can reduce the surface friction with human tissues during the use of interventional catheters, improve the patient comfort of and effectively reduce the incidence of infection. Based on the development process of medical catheter coating, this review summarizes recent advances in the field of polymer hydrophilic lubricating coatings for medical catheters from types of hydrophilic coating polymer, development of coating technology and establishment of coating performance evaluation method. Main problems in this field are analyzed and development trends in the future are prospected.

Caracterização da matéria orgânica dissolvida em processos de tratamento de água para consumo humano usando fracionamento rápido / Characterization of dissolved organic matter in drinking water treatment processes using rapid fractionation

RESUMO Matéria orgânica natural (MON) é uma complexa matriz de compostos orgânicos originados de fontes naturais que estão presentes em corpos hídricos. A MON é comprovada precursora de subprodutos da desinfecção (SPD), além de afetar processos de tratamento de água, tais como a coagulação, a desinfecção, a oxidação, a adsorção em carvão ativado e a filtração em membranas. Por essas razões, a redução da MON no tratamento de água para consumo humano é importante. Vários métodos são usados para caracterizar e quantificar a MON, tais como adsorção em resinas e parâmetros de massa. Carbono orgânico total (COT), carbono orgânico dissolvido (COD), absorção na região do ultravioleta (UV254) e absorbância específica de luz ultravioleta (AEUV) são usualmente utilizados como parâmetros de massa. O fracionamento rápido é uma técnica que usa diferentes resinas para separar frações da MON. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo geral caracterizar a matéria orgânica dissolvida (MOD) em processos de tratamento de água para consumo humano usando o método do fracionamento rápido e os parâmetros COD, UV254 e AEUV. Também foram analisados as variáveis turbidez, cor, pH e alcalinidade. Foram avaliados os efeitos dos processos de coagulação, sedimentação, filtração e adsorção em carvão ativado nas frações que formam a MON. Ácidos muito hidrofóbicos (AMH) constituíram a principal fração da MOD na água estudada, havendo redução de 89% entre a água bruta e o efluente do filtro de carvão ativado granular (CAG). A segunda fração predominante foi de ácidos levemente hidrofóbicos (ALH), reduzidos em 83% ao longo do tratamento. Na água bruta, as frações de matérias hidrofílicas carregadas (MHC) e de neutras (MHN) apresentaram concentrações de 0,11 mg L-1 e 0,04 mg L-1, não sendo removidas pelo tratamento.

ABSTRACT Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex matrix of organic compounds originated from natural sources that are present in water bodies. NOM is a known precursor of disinfection by-products (DBP) and affects drinking water treatment processes such as coagulation, disinfection, oxidation, activated carbon adsorption, and membrane filtration. For these reasons, the reduction of NOM in water treatment is important. Several methods are used to characterize and quantify NOM, such as resin adsorption and mass parameters. The latter include total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm (UV254), and specific UV absorption (SUVA). Rapid fractionation is a technique that uses different resins to separate NOM fractions. The objective of this study was to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) in drinking water treatment processes using rapid fractionation and the parameters DOC, UV254, and SUVA. Turbidity, color, pH, and alkalinity were also analyzed. The effects of coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and adsorption processes on the fractions forming the NOM were evaluated. Very hydrophobic acids (VHA) constituted the main fraction of DOM in the studied water, with a reduction of 89% between raw water and granular activated carbon filter (GAC) respect to raw water. The second predominant fraction consisted of slightly hydrophobic acids (SHA), reduced by 83% throughout the treatment processes. In raw water, the hydrophilic charged (MHC) and neutral (MHN) fractions showed concentrations of 0.11 and 0.04 mg L-1, which were not removed during treatment.

Posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery in children over five years of age with square-edge hydrophobic versus hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses: a prospective randomized study

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials in square-edged acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) on the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after pediatric cataract surgery. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to group 1 (hydrophobic acrylic square-edged IOLs; 13 eyes) or group 2 (hydrophilic acrylic square-edged IOLs; 13 eyes). The study evaluated PCO rates using Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification (EPCO) 2000 software at one, three, six and 12 months postoperatively. Postoperative measurements also included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), neodymium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy and postoperative complications other than PCO. RESULTS: Both groups had significant increases in PCO rates after one year. Comparison of the groups showed no significant differences in the EPCO scores at three (group 1, 0.007±0.016 vs group 2, 0.008±0.014; p=0.830), six (group 1, 0.062±0.103 vs group 2, 0.021±0.023; p=0.184), or twelve months postoperatively (group 1, 0.200±0.193 vs group 2, 0.192±0.138; p=0.902). We also found no significant group differences regarding the change (delta, Δ) in EPCO scores between three and six months (group 1, 0.055±0.09 vs group 2, 0.013±0.02; p=0.113) or between six and twelve months postoperatively (group 1, 0.139±0.14 vs group 2, 0.171±0.14; p=0.567). Twenty-three percent of patients required Nd:YAG capsulotomy at the twelve-month visit. CONCLUSIONS: No differences in PCO rates were found between hydrophobic and hydrophilic acrylic square-edged IOLs in children between five and twelve years of age at one year of follow-up.

Analysis of immune escape-associated mutations in the major hydrophilic region of HBsAg in patients with HBV reverse transcriptase resistance mutations / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To analyze the mutation characteristics of immune escape-associated mutations in the main hydrophilic region (MHR) of HBsAg in patients with drug-resistant mutations in HBV RT. Methods The clinical data were analyzed from 6917 patients with C-genotype HBV infection attending to the hospital from July 2007 to August 2017. And these patients were treated with nucleoside/nucleotide analogs (NAs) and received drug resistance tests. The detection rate of drugresistant mutations in HBV RT was determined and the mutation characteristics of MHR immune escape-related mutations in HBsAg between drug-resistant mutations of HBV RT group and wild-type of HBV RT group were compared. Results Classical drug-resistant mutations in HBV RT occurred in 2585 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with antiviral therapy, and the overall detection rate was 37.37% (2585/6917). The overall mutation rate of MHR in the drug-resistant mutations group of HBV RT was significantly higher than that in the wild-type group (30.00% vs. 17.13%, P<0.05). It was found that the detection rates of sQ101K/R/H, sS114T/A/L, sT/I126S/N/A, sG130N/R/K/A, sM133T/I, sS143T/L, sA159V/G, sE164D/G in HBV RT drug-resistant mutations group were higher than those in RT wild-type group (P<0.05). Conclusions Patients with HBV RT resistant mutations have a higher detection rate of MHR immune escape mutations in HBsAg, which suggested that MHR immune escape related mutations were closely related to HBV RT drug-resistant mutations.

Comparative study on different areas of Astragali Radix based on oligosaccharides characteristic map and immunological activity evaluation of partial acid hydrolyzed / 中草药

Objective: The characteristic maps and immunological activities of some acid hydrolysates of polysaccharides from Astragali Radix (APS) from different areas were compared. The quality evaluation method of Astragali Radix with oligosaccharide mixture as quality control index was established. Methods: In this study, the polysaccharides from the traditional Chinese medicine Astragali Radix were used as the research object. Firstly, the optimal partial acid hydrolysis conditions were selected by orthogonal test. The polysaccharide was hydrolyzed into oligosaccharides for analysis. The characteristic map of Astragalus oligosaccharides based on partial acid hydrolysis-hydrophilic interaction chromatography was established. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed on the data by SIMCA software to distinguish Mongolian Astragalus from different areas. The partial acid hydrolysis products of Astragalus polysaccharides were characterized by hydrophilic interaction chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the activity was evaluated by mouse peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis neutral red experiment. Results: The optimal hydrolysis conditions obtained by orthogonal experiment were temperature 90 ℃, trifluoroacetic acid concentration 1 mol/L, hydrolysis time 1 h. Under this condition, Astragalus polysaccharide was hydrolyzed into characteristic oligosaccharide fragments, and the method is reproducible. The characteristic map of Astragalus oligosaccharides based on partial acid hydrolysis-hydrophilic interaction chromatography showed that the maps of the same Astragalus oligosaccharides had good consistency, and the maps of different Astragalus oligosaccharides were quite different. PCA showed that three different kinds of Mongolian Astragalus can be distinguished. It was found by mass spectrometry that the extracted Astragalus polysaccharides were mainly 1→4 linear glucan, and gluco-oligosac-charides with the degrees of polymerization 3—8 were obtained after partial acid hydrolysis. The partial acid hydrolysate of the wild Astragalus polysaccharides from Shanxi Hunyuan had higher ability to enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages than the transplanted Astragalus and higher than the unhydrolyzed total astragalus polysaccharide. Conclusion: This study showed that the characteristics of Astragalus polysaccharides based on partial acid hydrolysis-hydrophilic interaction chromatography and the effects on cellular immune function can be used to evaluate the quality of Astragali Radix in different habitats and different planting methods, and it is also an important supplement to the quality evaluation method of Astragali Radix. At the same time, it has a certain exemplary role in the characterization of other Chinese materia medica polysaccharides.

Caracterização interna de materiais restauradores indiretos com diferentes condicionamentos de superfície / Internal characterization of indirect restorative materials with different surface etching protocols

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de ácido fluorídrico com diferentes tempos e concentrações na superfície de materiais restauradores indiretos obtidos a partir de blocos utilizados na tecnologia CAD-CAM. Materiais e Métodos: Amostras dos materiais restauradores indiretos medindo 4x4x0,8mm foram obtidos a partir de blocos CAD para cada material estudado: resina nanocerâmica Lava Ultimate (3M Espe), monossilicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia Celtra Duo (Dentsply) e cerâmica híbrida Vita Enamic (Vita). Os materiais foram submetidos à aplicação de ácido fluorídrico com concentração de 5% ou 10%, sendo o mesmo aplicado pelos tempos de 20, 40, 60 ou 90 segundos. Um grupo controle para cada material foi avaliado, sem nenhum tratamento de superfície, contabilizando nove grupos de cada material (n=10). As amostras foram avaliadas em relação à rugosidade de superfície (Ra e Rz), avaliadas em microscopia óptica confocal; ângulo de contato (θ), energia de superfície (s) e energia livre total de interação (∆G) avaliados em goniômetro, e resistência de união ao cimento resinoso avaliada através do teste de microcisalhamento. Imagens das amostras foram obtidas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microscopia óptica confocal e microscopia de força atômica. Os dados de rugosidade de superfície, ângulo de contato, energia de superfície, energia livre total de interação e resistência de união foram submetidos à ANOVA dois fatores e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que, de maneira geral, o monosilicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia Celtra Duo apresentou melhores resultados quando submetido ao condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico 10% por 40 ou 60 segundos de aplicação. A resina nanocerâmica Lava Ultimate apresentou melhor performance quando condicionada com ácido fluorídrico 10% por 20 ou 40 segundos, enquanto que a cerâmica híbrida Vita Enamic apresentou melhores resultados quando condicionada com ácido fluorídrico 5% por 90 segundos. Conclusão: Cada material interagiu de maneira diferente ao condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico, sendo que o conhecimento do adequado protocolo para cada material é essencial para garantir melhorias nos processos de adesão e durabilidade das restaurações indiretas. Celtra Duo apresentou de maneira geral propriedades mecânicas superiores aos demais. Relevância clínica: Recomenda-se protocolos específicos de tratamento de superfície com ácido fluorídrico de acordo com a composição de cada material restaurador indireto(AU)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different times and concentration of hydrofluoric acid etching on the surface of indirect restorative materials obtained from blocks used in CAD-CAM technology. Methods and Materials: Samples of indirect restorative materials measuring 4x4x0.8mm were obtained for each restorative material studied: Lava Ultimate nanoceramic resin (3M Espe), Celtra Duo zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (Dentsply) and Vita Enamic polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network material (Vita). The materials were submitted to etching with 5% or 10% hydrofluoric acid for 20, 40, 60 or 90 seconds. A control group for each material was evaluated without any surface treatment, totaling nine experimental groups for each material (n = 10). The samples were evaluated in relation to surface roughness (Ra and Rz), evaluated by confocal optical microscopy; contact angle (θ), surface energy (s) and total free interaction energy (∆G) evaluated by goniometer; and microshear bond strength to resin cement. Sample images were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Data of surface roughness, contact angle, surface energy, total free interaction energy and bond strength were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). Results: The results showed that, in general, the Celtra Duo zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic showed better results when subjected to etching with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 40 or 60 seconds. Lava Ultimate nanoceramic resin showed better performance when etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 20 or 40 seconds, while Vita Enamic polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network showed better results when etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 90 seconds. Conclusion: Each material showed different characteristics after etching with hydrofluoric acid, and the knowledge of the proper protocol for each material is essential to ensure improvements in the adhesion process and durability of indirect restorations. Celtra Duo presents general ways of mechanical properties superior to the others. Clinical relevance: Specific surface treatment protocols with hydrofluoric acid are recommended based on the different compositions of indirect restorative materials(AU)

Rapid chemical profiling of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba using reversed phase liquid chromatography-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-predictive multiple reaction monitoring / 中国中药杂志

Chemical profiling of a given herbal medicine( HM) is the prerequisite for clarifying the effective material basis and therapeutic mechanisms,and it is an important integral part of traditional Chinese medicine chemical biology( TCMCB). In current study,we aimed to propose a new strategy for fast chemical characterization of HM by using reversed phase liquid chromatography-hydrophilic interaction chromatography-predictive multiple reaction monitoring( RPLC-HILIC-p MRM),and Artemisiae Scopariae Herba was employed in this study to illustrate the entire strategy. In response to wide polarity spanning of the diverse chemical clusters in Artemisiae Scopariae Herba,RPLC and HILIC were coupled in series to retain and separate hydrophilic and hydrophobic components simultaneously by identifying the characteristics of chromatographic separation. Most of the chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicine can be predicted by summarizing the results of chemical constituents of the same genera and introducing primary metabolites and possible substitution reaction types. Therefore,we constructed predictive ion pairs to rapidly identify the chemical constituents of Artemisiae Scopariae Herba. After comparison with control products,discussion on fragmentation pattern,and access to relevant information from literature and databases,a total of 139 components were detected and structurally annotated by matching the obtained spectral data with the information of authentic compounds. Above all,RPLC-HILIC-p MRM could be used as an eligible analytical tool for the chemical profiling of HMs.