Practice of food hygiene among nursing mothers attending under-five clinics in a rural community in Edo State, Nigeria

Children under the age of five are prone to foodborne diseases, resulting from poor food hygiene because of their less effective immune systems. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of food hygiene among nursing mothers attending under-five clinics.Method: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study, involving 330 nursing mothers attending the under-five clinic in health care facilities. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.A p-value < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.Result: Eighty-two percent of the respondents had good knowledge of food hygiene; 95.2% had a good attitude and 82.7% demonstrated good practice. Knowledge on food hygiene was significantly associated with the age of the respondents (P=0.008) and their educational status (P=0.001), those with tertiary education doing better. Similarly, respondents with tertiary education had significantly better attitude (P=0.001 and practice (P=0.001). The predictors of knowledge on food hygiene were education status (odds ratio [OR] =0.249, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.126, 0.492) and occupation of the respondents (OR = 2.158, 95% CI: 1.156, 4.026). Educational status was also the predictor for positive attitude (OR =0.143, 95% CI: 0.031, 0.667) and practice of food hygiene (OR =0.394, 95% CI: 0.210, 0.738).Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and practice of food hygiene among the respondents was good. Predictors of knowledge included level of education and occupation. Government at the State and Local Government levels should organize regular health promotion on food hygiene.

The Impact of Grit on University Student's Core Competency in Dental Hygiene Students / 치위생과학회지

BACKGROUND: Recently, competency-based education has been reorganized in the dental hygiene curriculum. In education, non-cognitive factors are emphasized. Grit, the non-cognitive ability to persevere to achieve an individual’s long-term goals, is emerging. This study aims to identify the degree of grit and core competencies in students and to investigate the relationship between them and the factors that affect these core competencies. METHODS: This study was conducted using 350 dental hygiene students who were randomly assigned a structured questionnaire to complete. The final analysis included 321 students. The survey contents evaluated grit, core competencies, and general characteristics. The difference in the degree of grit and core competencies in conjunction with the general characteristics of the subjects was analyzed using the t-test/Mann Whitney U-test and the ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis H test. Multiple regression analysis was then conducted to determine the factors affecting the core competencies of the subjects. RESULTS: The difference of ‘grit’ according to general characteristics was statistically significant in ‘major satisfaction’, ‘relationship’, ‘perceived academic achievement’, ‘grade point average (GPA)’. The difference in ‘core competency’ according to general characteristics was statistically significant in ‘grade’, ‘department selection’, ‘major satisfaction’, ‘relationship’, ‘perceived academic achievement’, ‘GPA’. Among the sub-areas of ‘grit’, ‘perseverance of effort’ showed a high correlation with ‘core competency’ and was statistically significant. As a result of regression analysis, ‘major satisfaction’, ‘perceived academic achievement’ and ‘grit’ of dental hygiene students had a statistically significant influence on ‘core competency’. Meanwhile, ‘GPA’ was not seen to be statistically significant in ‘core competency’. CONCLUSION: Grit, a non-cognitive factor, had a statistically significant effect on core competency, while the effects on GPA, a cognitive factor, were not statistically significant. Among the sub-factors of grit, ‘perseverance of effort’ had a statistically significant effect on ‘problem-solving competency’ and ‘academic competency’, which are ‘core competency’ sub factors.

El teatro guiñol, la televisión mexicana y la educación para la salud a mediados del siglo XX / Puppet shows, Mexican television and health education in the mid-twentieth century

Resumen Este artículo rescata la obra de teatro guiñol Las calenturas de Don Ferruco, televisada a finales de la década de 1950 para promover la erradicación del paludismo en México como un útil instrumento de educación para la salud. Se analiza cómo la difusión del teatro guiñol educativo en la televisión mexicana evidenció la necesidad de mantener vigente la enseñanza dirigida a prevenir enfermedades y se subraya la importancia de la televisión como una producción educativa para promover la salud hacia mediados del siglo XX. El artículo muestra los inicios de su uso como una herramienta de especial importancia para lo que posteriormente sería la masificación de los discursos emitidos por la Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia.

This article resurrects the puppet show Las calenturas de Don Ferruco (Don Ferruco’s Fevers), which was televised in the late 1950s in order to help eradicate malaria in Mexico, as a useful instrument for health education. It analyzes how the spread of educational puppet shows on Mexican television showed the need to keep updating preventive healthcare pedagogy and it underlines the importance of television as an educational health-promotion production in the mid-twentieth century. The article discusses the early use of puppet shows as an especially important tool for what would later become mass-media transmission of discourses from the Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia (Department of Health and Healthcare).

The Limits of Medical Interventions for the Elimination of Preventable Blindness

Background: Health authorities are working toward the global elimination of trachoma by the year 2020 with actions focused on the World Health Organization SAFE strategy (surgery of trichiasis, antibiotics, face washing and environmental changes) with emphasis on hygienist approaches for education. Objectives: The present survey was performed to assess the sustainability of the SAFE strategy 3 years after trachoma was eliminated from 6 villages. Methods: In February 2013 a rapid trachoma assessment was conducted in 6 villages of Kolofata’s district, Extreme north Region, Cameroon, where trachoma was eliminated in 2010. A total of 300 children (1–10 years) from 6 villages were examined by trained staff. Results: The prevalence of active trachoma (children aged > 1 and < 10 years) in 2013 was 15% and in at least 25% was observed absence of face washing and flies in their eyes and nose. Income level, quality of roads, hygiene, and illiteracy were similar in all the villages; they did not change between 2010 and 2013 and could not be analyzed as independent risk factors. Discussion: The heterogeneity of methods described for clinical trials makes it inappropriate to conduct meta-analysis for the present and for other SAFE-related trials. The results obtained after implementation the SAFE strategy (recurrence) reveal that the causes (infectious agents and dirtiness) and effects (illness) were not connected by illiterate people living under conditions of extreme poverty. So far, antibiotics, surgery and hygiene education are insufficient for the sustainability of trachoma elimination and highlight that hypothetic-deductive processes seem not operational after implementing the awareness campaigns. Trachoma recurrence detected in 2013 in sedentary populations of Kolofata receiving efficacious treatments against <i>Chlamydia sp</i>. suggest that the elimination goals will be delayed if strategies are limited to medical actions. Restricting efforts to repeated pharmacological and surgical interventions for people infected with susceptible bacteria could be understood as the hidden side of a passive attitude toward basic education actions.

A Study on the Hygiene Practices of Foodservice Employees by Hygiene Education and Work Environment in the Gyeongnam Area

This study examined the hygiene practices of contract foodservice employees and investigated the influence of education and work environment on these hygienes practices. A questionnaire was distributed to 250 contract foodservice employees and a total of 232 responses were received and analyzed. The overall score for hygiene practices of contract foodservice employees was 3.89 based on a 5-point scale. Cross-contamination was prominent (highest score at 4.46) and the heating temperature was less prominent (lowest score at 3.49). The factors most affecting contract foodservice employees were their work period, the size of the contract foodservice management company, the number of meals served daily, the frequency of meal service per day and the frequency of hygiene education. Compared to small and medium-sized contract foodservice management companies, the major contract foodservice management companies showed higher scores for refrigerator/freezer control (P<0.001), vegetable/fruit disinfection (P<0.001), thawing (P<0.001), heating temperature (P<0.001), cleaning/disinfection (P<0.01), and personal hygiene (P<0.05). The frequency of hygiene education had a significant effect on the performance levels for refrigerator/freezer control (P<0.001), vegetable/fruit disinfection (P<0.001), thawing (P<0.001), heating temperature (P<0.001), cleaning/disinfection control (P<0.001), food supply control (P<0.05), and personal hygiene (P<0.05). From these results, to increase the sanitation quality of contract foodservice operations, hygiene practice levels need to increase and hygiene education systematically should be enforced for foodservice employees.

Intervención educativa en salud buco-dental a pacientes diabéticos / Educative intervention for oral-dental health in diabetic patients

La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad endocrina metabólica que afecta a varios órganos de la economía, y la cavidad bucal no está exenta de ella. Se presentan los resultados de una investigación de intervención, longitudinal y prospectiva desarrollada en la Clínica Estomatológica "Guamá" del municipio Pinar del Río, durante el año 2008, con una muestra de 137 pacientes diabéticos, pertenecientes a los Consultorios Médicos 272, 264 y 265 atendidos en la Clínica Estomatológica "Guamá" a los que se les constató un nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal insuficiente, lo que motivó aplicar un programa educativo con el objetivo de elevar el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal. Para ello se elaboró una encuesta de 10 preguntas que se aplicó, antes y después del desarrollo del programa, el cual se fue cumplimentando semanalmente a través de la aplicación de técnicas afectivas participativas. Los resultados obtenidos fueron registrados en una base de datos del sistema estadístico STATISTIC, aplicándoseles estimaciones puntuales de frecuencias relativas para el análisis estadístico descriptivo y la prueba Chi cuadrado en su variante tabla de contingencia para el análisis estadístico inferencial. Se corroboró que el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud bucal de los pacientes diabéticos incluidos en la investigación antes de la aplicación del programa educativo era insuficiente (51%) con predominio de personas con niveles primario (29.1%), y posteriormente a ello se logró elevar significativamente (90,5%) constatándose una gran aceptación del programa por parte de los pacientes.

Diabetes Mellitus is an endocrine-metabolic disease which affects several organs and oral cavity is not an exception. At "Guama" Dentist's Clinic an intervention, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective research was conducted in 2008, Pinar del Rio municipality and the results were presented. The sample was comprised of 137 diabetic patients belonging to Medical Offices No-272, 264 and 265 attending to "Guama" Dentist Clinic, their level of knowledge about oral health was insufficient; thus a survey of 10 questions was applied before and after the development of the program. This program was implemented weekly by means of participative techniques. Corroborating that the level of knowledge about oral health of diabetic patients included in the research before the application of the educative program was insufficient, and after putting the program into practice the level of knowledge increased significantly, verifying that it was very successful with the patients. The results obtained were recorded in a database of the statistical system, score estimations of relative frequencies to perform the descriptive and the chi square test in its variable of contingency table to the inferential statistical analysis.

Perception of Hygiene Education and Food Safety Knowledge among New Restaurant Owners: Focused in Gyeongnam Area

The Purpose of this research was to assess food safety knowledge and perceptions on hygiene education among new owners of restaurant in Gyeongnam area. In the questionnaire survey to 462 new owners of the necessity of hygiene education, more than half of them(56.3%) answered 'Needed' while 'So so(29.2%)' and 'No need(14.1%)' were also not a few. For the questionnaire asked what educational area was most beneficial, 'Restaurant management and service(53%)' was the most selected followed by 'Food safety management and briefing on relevant food safety regulations(20.1%)', 'Tax management(12.8%)' and 'Food culture and menu development(11.7%)'. According to evaluation on new owners' food safety knowledge, total average score was turned out to 6.83(out of total score of 15), less than 50% of average correct answers, it signified the demand for quantitative and qualitative improvement on hygiene education. To view the three areas' evaluation score, characteristics of foodborne illness(2.56 points, out of total 5 points) and general hygiene management(2.54 points) marked more than 50% of correct answers while critical control points marked only 1.73 points, the lowest score.