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Objective To investigate the significance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γexpression in the lung tissue of rats with chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPAH). Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 for each group):normal control group (NC), hypoxia control group-one-week (HC-1w), hypoxia control group-two-week (HC-2w) and hypoxia control group-three-week (HC-3w). Normal control group was raised under normal oxygen condition in ventilated animal cage for three weeks. The other HC groups were placed in a low oxygen chamber (O2 concentration of 10%) from 9:00 AM-5:00 PM (8 h/d) everyday by one week, two weeks and three weeks. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) were detected. The index of right ventricular hypertrophy RV/(LV+S) was measured by dissecting rat heart. The morphological changes of the small pul-monary arteries were observed by HE staining, and the percentage of vascular wall thickness (WT%) was calculated. The ex-pression level of PPARγprotein was detected by Westren blot assay. Results The mPAP, RVSP and RV/(LV+S) were sig-nificantly higher in HC groups than those of NC group (P<0.05). The morphology of pulmonary arteries showed vessel wall thickening and vessel lumina stenosis in HC groups compared with that of NC group. The PPARγexpression in lung tissue was significantly lower in HC groups than that of NC group, and the downward trend was more obvious with the extension of time. Conclusion PPARγplays an important role in the occurrence and development of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hyper-tension.
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AIM:To explore the changes of plasma levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( sVEGFR2) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) in hypertensive patients and hypertensive diabetic patients.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, 88 cases were enrolled, which were divided into hypertensive group (n=31), hypertensive diabetic group ( n=31 ) and control group ( n=26 ) .Blood pressure was obtained from each participant with mercury sphygmomanometer.The levels of sVEGFR2 and SOD were measured by ELISA.Meanwhile, the levels of plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c ( GHbA1c) and lipid profile were detected.RESULTS:The levels of total cholesterol ( TC) and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in hypertensive group than those in control group (P<0.05).The levels of TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) , triglyceride ( TG) , BMI, waist circumference were significantly higher in hypertensive diabetic group than those in control group (P<0.05).The plasma levels of sVEGFR2 and SOD in both hypertensive diabetic group and hypertensive group were significantly decreased compared with control group ( P<0.05), while the mean plasma levels of sVEGFR2 and SOD in hypertensive diabetic group were significantly decreased compared to the hypertensive group ( P<0.05 ) .A significantly positive correlation between sVEGFR2 and SOD in the whole study population (P<0.05) was observed.CONCLUSION: The plasma level of sVEGFR2 is decreased in both hypertensive and hypertensive diabetic patients, and more significantly decreased in hypertensive diabetic patients.De-creased SOD level may be associated with to the reduction of sVEGFR2.
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Objective To detect the positive rate of anti-endothelial cell antibody (AECA) in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with connective tissue diseases(CTD)and to investigate the specific target antigen.Methods Sera of 68 patients with CTD associated PAH were collected to detect AECA by Western blotting with extracted membrane protein of the endothelial cell line EA.hy926.Sera of 61 CTD patients without PAH,20 with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension(IPAH),20 with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and pulmonary arterial hypertension (COPD-PAH) and 20 healthy donors were collected as controls.The correlation between PAH and specific bands of AECA was studied by X2 test.Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrography was used to detect the target antigens related to PAH associated with CTD.Results The specific molecular size of antigen was 78 000.The AECA-78 000positive rate of CTD patients with PAH was 79% (54/68).not significantly ditierent from that of CTD with glomerulonephritis(71%,15/21),but significantly higher than those of CTD with interstitial lung disease (ILD)(15%,3/20)and CTD without systemic involvement(P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively).also higher than those of IPAH(8%,1/12).The AECA-78 000 was negative in COPD-PAH and healthy controls.The target antigen of AECA-78 000 was identified by proteomic techniques as moesin.Conclusion CTD patients with different target organ involvement have different AECA-78 000 positive rates,which could be frequently detected in CTD associated PAH and those with glomerulonephritis.The common antigen is moesin.
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Objective Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rapidly evolving neurologic syndrome with characteristic clinical and radiographic features. To define the clinical characteristics of PRES in patients with eoneomitant systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by analyzing their clinical manif-estations and reviewing the literature. Methods The details of 4 cases and a review of the literature relevant to the development of PRES in association with SLE are presented. We described the clinical and imaging characteristics and associated risk factors of posterior roversible PRES in patients with SLE. Results Inclu-ding our cases, we reviewed a total of 48 patients with SLE and PRES. Hypertension was observed in 42 cases (88%), renal failure in 30 cases (63%), 39 recent onset cases were treated with immunosuppressive drugs and/or steroids recently (81%). Headache was observed in 46 cases (96%), Corffusion/coma in 20 cases (42%), seizures in 43 cases (90%), visual disturbances in 28 cases (58%). Neuroimaging demonstrated posterior white matter edema involving the parietal-occipital, temporal, frontal lobes, and cerebellum. The hypertension and other worsening factors should be treated. Conclusion PRES is a central nervous system syndrome that is observed in SLE patients. It is associated mainly to acute hypertension, renal failure, and immunosuppressive drugs. Although reversibility is common, residual neurological damage may be observed. Complete clinical and radiographic recovery oeeurrs with prompt antihypertensive treatment and supportive care.
ABSTRACT
El síndrome metabólico está asociado con obesidad, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus y alteraciones del perfil lipídico. Tiene como base fisiopatológica la resistencia a la insulina, involucrada en estas comorbilidades, por varias vías metabólicas; esta alteración se expresa por rasgos genéticos y, cada vez más, factores ambientales. El Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) del National Cholesterol Education Program ha definido los criterios diagnósticos, de fácil aplicación, que asociados a marcadores de resistencia a la insulina, constituyen una herramienta eficaz para el tamizaje de portadores de este síndrome. Su manejo es multifactorial, con base en la modificación del estilo de vida que implica cambios en los hábitos alimentarios, supresión de tóxicos, actividad física regular y fármacos para las comorbilidades. En dos consultorios de Medicina Familiar del Policlínico 32 de la Caja Nacional de Salud Cochabamba, se realizó el tamizaje de portadores de síndrome metabólico entre Junio de 2006 y agosto de 2007; corresponden al síndrome 174 pacientes, con franco predominio de mujeres y de grupos mayores a los 45 años; en cada paciente se registró peso, presión arterial, circunferencia de la cintura; en laboratorio se solicitó glicemia, perfil lipídico, insulina basal, microalbuminuria y PCR. A cada paciente se indicó dieta pobre en calorías, se recomendó caminata de 30 minutos 3 veces a la semana; en diabetes se recetó metformina y en hipertensión arterial, enalapril, además de estatinas o gemfibrozilo en dislipidemias. La comorbilidad más frecuentemente encontrada es la obesidad, seguida de hiperinsulinismo y descenso del colesterol HDL. Los antecedentes personales se relacionan con sedentarismo y los familiares con obesidad visceroportal; mientras que en laboratorio el hallazgo mas frecuente es el hiperinsulinismo, seguido de cHDL bajo. El riesgo cardiovascular según el escore de Framingham, está presente en casi todos los casos estudiados, lo que justifica el tamizaje y manejo integral del síndrome. Los resultados al año del manejo integral muestran una reducción de peso, la insulinemia y de las cifras de presión sistólica estadísticamente significativos. El primer nivel de atención en salud se constituye en una oportunidad excelente para el manejo integral de pacientes con síndrome metabólico, haciendo énfasis en la modificación del estilo de vida como base.
The metabolic syndrome is associate with obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and alterations of the lipidie profile. It has as the resistance to the involved insulin bases fisiopatologhy on these comorbidities by several metabolic routes; this alteration is expressed by genetic characteristics and, more and more, environmental factors. The Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program has defined the criteria diagnoses, of easy application, that associated to markers of resistance to the insulin, constitute an effective tool for the tamizaje of carríers of this syndrome. Its handling is multifactorial, with base in the modification of the life style that implies changes in the nourishing habits, toxic suppression, regular physical activity and drugs for the comorbidities. In two Familiar Medicine doctor's offices of Policlinico 32 of the National Box of Cochabamba Health, the tamizaje of carríers of metabolic syndrome between June of 2006 and August of 2007 was made; 174 patients correspond to the syndrome, with frank predominance of women and greater groups to the 45 years; in each patient weight was registered, arterial pressure, circumference of the waist; in laboratory glicemia was dosed, lipidic profile, basal insulin, microalbuminury and PCR. To each patient poor diet in calones was indicated, recommended long walk of 30 minutes 3 times to the week; in diabetes it was prescribed metformina and in arterial, enalapril hypertension, in addition to estatinas or gemfibrozilo in dislipidemias. More most frequently found comorbidity is the obesity, followed of hiperinsulinism and reduction of cholesterol HDL. The personal antecedents are related to sedentarism and the relatives with visceroportal obesity; whereas in laboratory the finding but frequents is the hiperínsulinismo, followed of cHDL low. The cardiovascular risk according to lists of Framingham, is present in almost all the studied cases, which justifies the tamizaje and integral handling of the syndrome. The results to the year of the integral handling show a reduction of weight, that statistically is significant, with remarkable reductions of insulinemia. The first level of attention in health is constituted in an excellent opportunity for the integral handling of patients with metabolic syndrome, making emphasis in the modification of the life style as it bases.