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1.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 58(2): 97-107, 03/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-709340

ABSTRACT

Hirsutism is defined as excessive terminal hair growth in androgen-dependent areas of the body in women, which grows in a typical male distribution pattern. Hirsutism is a common clinical problem in women, and the treatment depends on the cause. The condition is often associated with a loss of self-esteem. Hirsutism reflects the interaction between circulating androgen concentrations, local androgen concentrations, and the sensitivity of the hair follicle to androgens. Polycystic ovary syndrome and idiopathic hirsutism are the most common causes of the condition. A woman’s history and, physical examination are particularly important in evaluating excess hair growth. The vast majority of women with hirsutism have the idiopathic variety, and the diagnosis is made by exclusion. Serum testosterone level > 200 ng/dL is highly suggestive of adrenal or ovarian tumor. Treatment of hirsutism should be based on the degree of excess hair growth presented by the patient and in the pathophysiology of the disorder. Treatment includes lifestyle therapies, androgen suppression, peripheral androgen blockage, and cosmetic treatments. The current review discusses definition, pathogenesis, physiopathology, differential diagnosis, diagnostic strategies, and treatment.


O hirsutismo é definido como o excesso de crescimento terminal de pelos em áreas dependentes de andrógenos no corpo de mulheres, com crescimento em um padrão de distribuição tipicamente masculino. O hirsutismo é um problema clínico comum em mulheres, e o tratamento depende da causa. A condição está geralmente associada com a perda de autoestima. O hirsutismo reflete a interação entre as concentrações de andrógenos circulantes, concentrações locais de andrógenos e a sensibilidade do folículo capilar aos androgênios. A síndrome dos ovários policísticos e o hirsutismo idiopático são as causas mais comuns do transtorno. O histórico e o exame físico são particularmente importantes na avaliação do excesso de crescimento de pelos. A maioria das mulheres com hirsutismo possui a variedade idiopática, e o diagnóstico é feito por exclusão. Uma concentração sérica de testosterona > 200 ng/dL é altamente sugestiva de tumor ovariano ou de adrenal. O tratamento do hirsutismo deve ser baseado no nível de excesso de crescimento dos pelos e a fisiopatologia do transtorno. O tratamento inclui alterações no estilo de vida, supressão de andrógenos, bloqueio periférico de andrógenos e tratamentos cosméticos. A presente revisão discute definição, patogênese, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico diferencial e estratégias de diagnóstico e tratamento.

2.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 11(3): 369-375, jul.-sep. 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-648616

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la Hiperplasia gingival hereditaria es un agrandamiento de los tejidos gingivales poco frecuente, asociado a un componente genético, que se hace evidente en el momento del recambio dentario. Puede generar diastemas, maloclusiones, dolor a la masticación, caries dental, enfermedad periodontal, retardo en el recambio dentario, complicaciones fonéticas, de deglución y un importante compromiso estético y psicológico. Objetivo: mostrar el manejo multidisciplinario en el tratamiento de la Hiperplasia gingival hereditaria asociada a hipertricosis. Presentación del caso: paciente de sexo masculino de 9 años de edad, con antecedentes familiares de Hiperplasia gingival e hipertricosis; al examen clínico constatamos hipertricosis y agrandamiento gingival generalizado que compromete el brote dentario, la estética y la función, y tiene repercusión psicológica. Se realiza el tratamiento periodontal quirúrgico del maxilar (Fase I), bajo anestesia general, con el propósito de descubrir las coronas dentarias; posteriormente, se le instauró tratamiento de ortodoncia con aparatología fija. A los 6 meses, después del tratamiento, se constatan las encías sin evidencia clínica de recidiva de Hhiperplasia gingival y mejoramiento en el posicionamiento dentario. Conclusiones: la atención multidisciplinaria (quirúrgico-ortodóntico-periodontal) es fundamental para lograr el brote y alineamiento dentario y obtener resultados estéticos y funcionales óptimos en el tratamiento de la Hiperplasia gingival hereditaria.


ABSTRACT Introduction: hereditary gingival hyperplasia is a rare gingival enlargement associated to genetic background, which becomes evident at the time of eruption of permanent dentition. This condition may produce malocclusions, painful chewing, dental caries, periodontal diseases, delayed permanent eruption, phonetic and swallowing problems, as well as important aesthetic and psychological disturbances. Objective: to show the multidisciplinary management in the treatment of hereditary gingival hyperplasia. Case presentation: a 9 years old male patient with family history of hereditary gingival hyperplasia and hypertricosis. On physical examination he showed hypertricosis and generalized gingival enlargement reaching the dental edge, with aesthetic and functional damage leading to psychological disturbances. A surgical periodontal procedure of the maxilla (phase I) was given under general anesthesia in order to uncover the dental crowns. After recovery, fixed orthodontic braces treatment was applied. Six months later, no clinical signs of gingival enlargement were found and dental positioning had improved. Conclusions: a multidisciplinary approach is basic in order to achieve a proper dental alignment and eruption, with the subsequent aesthetic and functional improvement in the treatment of hereditary gingival hyperplasia.

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