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Abstract The extract of Belamcanda chinensis leaves (BCLE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of diabetes-related hyperlipidemia in Hainan province, South China. In this study, the lipid-decreasing effects of BCLE on obese diabetes were investigated on KK-Ay mice. The component F2 ameliorated lipid disorder, as indicated by decreased levels of body weight, liver index, levels of TC, TG and LDL-c in the serum and liver. The enhancement effect of F2 on liver SOD and the inhibitory effect of F2 on MDA demonstrated that F2 exhibited significant antioxidant activity on liver injury. F2 also prevented vacuolar degeneration and reduced pathological tissue injury in liver. In addition, the component F1 decreased the levels of TG, LDL-c and MDA in the liver. These findings suggest that F2 may have therapeutic potential in the prevention and therapy of hyperlipemia and liver disease associated with obesity-related diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Campomanesia xanthocarpa, a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family, is popularly known as gabiroba. Leaves of gabiroba has been popularly used to treat various diseases, including inflammatory, renal, and digestive, among others. Additionally, studies have shown an effect to reduce blood cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seed extract in hyperglycemic rats. The results showed that 400 mg/kg of seed extract was able to decrease blood glucose levels and to increase the muscular and hepatic glycogen content as well as to inhibit the sucrase and maltase activity. At doses of 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, the activity of these enzymes was also reduced. In the lipid profile 400 mg/kg produced a decrease in total and LDL cholesterol serum levels; and with 200 mg/kg there was an increase in HDL cholesterol levels. The extract did not present hepatic and renal toxic effects at the different doses tested. The results suggest that the treatment with Campomanesia xanthocarpa seeds extract is useful in reducing glycemia, total cholesterol and LDL levels with potential adjuvant therapeutic in the treatment of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, however, additional pharmacological and toxicological studies are still required.
Resumo Campomanesia xanthocarpa, planta pertencente à família Mirtaceae, é popularmente conhecida como gabiroba. Folhas da gabiroba são popularmente usadas para tratar de doenças inflamatórias, renais, digestivas entre outras. Além disso, estudos têm mostrado um efeito redutor dos níveis de colesterol. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos anti-hiperglicêmico e hipolipidêmico do extrato de sementes de Campomanesia xanthocarpa em ratos hiperglicêmicos. Os resultados mostraram que 400 mg/kg do extrato da semente foi capaz de reduzir os níveis de glicose sanguínea e aumentar o conteúdo de glicogênio hepático e muscular, bem como inibir a atividade da maltase e sacarase. Na dose de 200 mg/kg e 800 mg/kg, a atividade das enzimas também foi reduzida. No perfil lipídico, 400 mg/kg produziu uma redução nos níveis séricos de colesterol total e LDL e com 200 mg/kg houve um aumento nos níveis de colesterol HDL. O extrato não apresentou efeitos tóxicos hepáticos e renais nas doses testadas. Os resultados sugerem que o tratamento com o extrato de Campomanesia xanthocarpa é eficaz na redução da glicemia, de colesterol total e LDL com potencial para tratamento adjuvante do diabetes e hipercolesterolemia, no entanto estudos farmacológicos e toxicológicos adicionais são necessários.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Carbon Dioxide , Myrtaceae , Seeds , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Background: An increase in the incidence and prevalence of hyperlipidemia in India has led to an increased demand for drugs with a lipid lowering potential. Thus, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the hypolipidemic activity of ethanolic extract of seed kernel of Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming (EESKCB) in albino rats fed with high fat diet.Methods: The extract was daily administered to healthy adult albino rats of either sex, fed with high fat diet for a period of 60 days. At the end of 60 days, i.e. on the 61st day, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, the body weights of the rats and the serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase were estimated. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extract was also carried out. For statistical analysis, the methods employed were One-way ANOVA, Dunnett’s multiple comparison test and Student’s ‘t’ test (Paired). Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant.Results: The test drug brought about significant (p<0.05) decrease in the raised levels of all the lipid parameters except the High density lipoprotein cholesterol. There was also a significant (p<0.05) increase in the serum levels of catalase and a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the serum levels of MDA in the test drug treated group. The test drug also significantly (p<0.05) inhibited the rise in body weights of the rats.Conclusions: From this study, it can be said that the seed kernel of Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming has significant hypolipidemic activity.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of microbial action on total sugar content and the in vitro hypolipidemic effect of Auricularia auricula, and to screen out the bacteria which can enhance the lipid-lowering function. Methods Through the fermentation of A. auricula, the total sugar content of the fermenting liquid of A. auricula was detected, and the total cholesterol extraction, the amount of cholesterol adsorption in vitro, the adsorption amount of sodium cholate in vitro, and the binding of sodium cholate in vitro were used as indexes to analyze the change of lipid-lowering capacity. Results Data analysis showed that Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae compound had the greatest effect on the lipid-lowering function of A. auricula, and the total sugar content was increased by 146.58% compared with the pre-fermentation water extract. The extracorporeal cholesterol absorption, in vitro sodium cholate absorption, and sodium cholate binding were increased by 110.04%, 4.44%, and 27.66% respectively in comparison with the pre-fermentation water extract, and increased by 122.58%, 4.07%, and 60.02%, respectively when compared with the pre-fermentation ethanol extract. Conclusion The mixed fermentation of Bifidobacterium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae can significantly improve the total sugar content and hypolipidemic effect of A. auricula.
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Hyperlipidemia is a systemic chronic metabolic disease caused by dyslipidemia in the body. It is an important risk factor of accelerating atherosclerosis, which will cause coronary heart disease, thrombus and other cardiovascular diseases, so it is a "invisible killer" for human health. Controlling and lowering blood lipids can reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The current therapies for hyperlipidemia mainly include chemical synthetic medicines. However, long-term use of hypolipidemic drugs would cause various side effects, and the demand of effective and nontoxic drugs for hyperlipidemia patients is eager. Polysaccharide has attracted worldwide concerns due to its characteristics of good biocompatibility and less side effects. Polysaccharide is a kind of biological macromolecule which is widely found in plant cell walls, animal cell membranes and microorganism cell walls. A number of studies have shown that polysaccharides from natural materials have broad biological activities, such as anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects, with broad application prospect. This paper has reviewed and summarized the polysaccharides with hypolipidemic effect and their mechanisms which have been reported at home and abroad, hoping to provide certain reference for their development and application in lowering blood lipids.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Campomanesia xanthocarpa, a plant belonging to the Myrtaceae family, is popularly known as gabiroba. Leaves of gabiroba has been popularly used to treat various diseases, including inflammatory, renal, and digestive, among others. Additionally, studies have shown an effect to reduce blood cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa seed extract in hyperglycemic rats. The results showed that 400 mg/kg of seed extract was able to decrease blood glucose levels and to increase the muscular and hepatic glycogen content as well as to inhibit the sucrase and maltase activity. At doses of 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg, the activity of these enzymes was also reduced. In the lipid profile 400 mg/kg produced a decrease in total and LDL cholesterol serum levels; and with 200 mg/kg there was an increase in HDL cholesterol levels. The extract did not present hepatic and renal toxic effects at the different doses tested. The results suggest that the treatment with Campomanesia xanthocarpa seeds extract is useful in reducing glycemia, total cholesterol and LDL levels with potential adjuvant therapeutic in the treatment of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, however, additional pharmacological and toxicological studies are still required.
Resumo Campomanesia xanthocarpa, planta pertencente à família Mirtaceae, é popularmente conhecida como gabiroba. Folhas da gabiroba são popularmente usadas para tratar de doenças inflamatórias, renais, digestivas entre outras. Além disso, estudos têm mostrado um efeito redutor dos níveis de colesterol. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos anti-hiperglicêmico e hipolipidêmico do extrato de sementes de Campomanesia xanthocarpa em ratos hiperglicêmicos. Os resultados mostraram que 400 mg/kg do extrato da semente foi capaz de reduzir os níveis de glicose sanguínea e aumentar o conteúdo de glicogênio hepático e muscular, bem como inibir a atividade da maltase e sacarase. Na dose de 200 mg/kg e 800 mg/kg, a atividade das enzimas também foi reduzida. No perfil lipídico, 400 mg/kg produziu uma redução nos níveis séricos de colesterol total e LDL e com 200 mg/kg houve um aumento nos níveis de colesterol HDL. O extrato não apresentou efeitos tóxicos hepáticos e renais nas doses testadas. Os resultados sugerem que o tratamento com o extrato de Campomanesia xanthocarpa é eficaz na redução da glicemia, de colesterol total e LDL com potencial para tratamento adjuvante do diabetes e hipercolesterolemia, no entanto estudos farmacológicos e toxicológicos adicionais são necessários.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of Eucommia on hyperlipidemia and related indexes in rats, and provide animal data useful for the clinical experimental studies on hyperlipidemia.Methods Seventy-two healthy male SD rats were used in this study.One group of 12 rats fed with normal diet was chosen as normal control group, and other 60 rats were fed with high fat diet for two weeks to generate rat models of hyperlipidemia.48 of the hyperlipidemic model rats were taken and divided randomly into 4 groups, including model group, high dose Eucommia, moderate dose Eucommia, and low dose Eucommia groups.The last three groups were gavaged different dose of Eucommia, respectively.Druing this period, the other groups except the normal control group were fed with high fat diet continuously.The levels of serum TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C of rats were measured on day 30 and 45.Results The serum levels of TC and LDL-C of the rats in the model group were obviously higher than those in the normal control group.The rat models of hyperlipidemia were established successfully.The three dose groups had a tendency of lowing blood lipid after 30 days.At 45 days, the levels of serum TC and LDL-C in the low and high dose groups were lower than those in the model group (P0.05, P>0.05, P>0.05).Conclusions Eucommia in a dose of 0.43 g/kg, 0.86 g/kg and 1.71 g/kg administered for 30 days have a tendency to reduce the level of serum TC, TG, and LDL-C.When Eucommia is administered in a dose of 0.43 g/kg, 1.71g/kg and 3.42 g/kg for 45 days, it shows an adjuvant hypolipidemic effect.
ABSTRACT
La guayaba (Psidium guajava L.), contiene hasta un 8.5% de fibra dietética total de la cual el 1.9% es fibra soluble, lo que hace a esta fruta tropical una buena fuente de pectina, fibra soluble cuyo consumo disminuye la absorción intestinal de los lípidos y protege contra las enfermedades cardiovasculares. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto metabólico del consumo de arepas de maíz enriquecidas con un 10% de pectina durante 20 días, en el perfil lipídico y la glicemia de un grupo de 75 estudiantes universitarios; se buscó además establecer las diferencias en el efecto observado cuando dentro de la formulación de las arepas se adicionó una pectina cítrica de uso comercial respecto a cuando se empleó pectina extraída de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.). La comparación de los niveles de glucosa y lípidos antes y después del tratamiento mostró que el consumo de dichas arepas generó cambios favorables para la salud de los individuos, pues hubo una disminución estadísticamente significativa en los niveles séricos de colesterol total, colesterol LDL y glucosa. Aunque hay una tendencia en los resultados que muestra un aumento promedio en el colesterol HDL luego del consumo de los productos con los dos tipos de pectina, no hay evidencia estadística para inferir que dicho cambio sea significativo. De la misma forma, los resultados no indican diferencias entre el efecto generado por lo dos tipos de pectina, a excepción de la mayor disminución en los niveles de triglicéridos lograda con la adición de pectina comercial.
Guava (Psidium guajava L.), contains up to 8.5% total dietary fiber, of which 1.9% is soluble fiber, which makes this tropical fruit a good source of pectin, soluble fiber whose consumption decreases intestinal absorption of lipids and protects against cardiovascular disease. In this work the metabolic effect of consumption of corn arepas enriched with 10% pectin for 20 days, in the lipid profile and blood glucose in a group of 75 university students was evaluated; it was also seek to establish the differences in the effect observed when within the formulation of the arepas a commercial citrus pectin was added compared to when pectin extracted from guava (Psidium guajava L.) was used. The comparison of the glucose and lipid levels before and after treatment showed that with consumption of those arepas favorable changes for the health of the individuals were generated, since there was a statistically significant decrease in serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and glucose. Although there is a trend in the results showing an average increase in HDL cholesterol after consumption of products with the two types of pectin, there is no statistical evidence to infer that the change is significant. Similarly, the results indicate no difference between the effects generated by the two types of pectin, except for the greatest decrease in triglyceride levels achieved when commercial pectin was added.
A goiaba (Psidium guajava L.) contém até 8,5% de fibra alimentar total, dos quais 1,9% é fibra solúvel, o que torna esta fruta tropical uma boa fonte de pectina, fibra solúvel, cujo consumo diminui a absorção intestinal de lipídios e protege contra doenças cardiovasculares. Este estudo avaliou o efeito metabólico do consumo de arepas de milho enriquecidas com 10% de pectina, durante 20 dias, no perfil lipídico e glicêmico de um grupo de 75 estudantes universitários. Também se procurou determinar as diferenças no efeito observado quando na formulação das arepas se adicionou uma pectina cítrica comercial comparado com o uso de uma pectina extraída de goiaba (Psidium guajava L.). A comparação dos níveis de glicose e lípidos, antes e depois do tratamento, mostrou que o consumo destas arepas originou mudanças favoráveis para a saúde dos indivíduos, uma vez que houve uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa nos níveis séricos do colesterol total, colesterol LDL e glicose. Embora haja uma tendência nos resultados que mostra um aumento médio nos níveis de colesterol HDL após o consumo de produtos com os dois tipos de pectinas, não há nenhuma evidência estatística para inferir que a alteração seja significativa. Da mesma forma, os resultados indicam que não há diferença entre o efeito gerado pelos dois tipos de pectina, exceto para a maior diminuição nos níveis de triglicerídeos obtidos com a adição de pectina comercial.
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Camellia oleifera Abel. [C. oleosa (Lour.) Rehd.], an evergreen plant, is used for healthful oil production, but the shells are always discarded and need to be utilized. The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of extracts from the shells of C. oleifera on adjusting cardiovascular system. A flavonoid was obtained by reflux extraction of the shells in 70% methanol, hydrolysis in 2 M hydrochloric acid, and crystallization in acetone. Its structure was identified as a novel biflavonoid. Mice model of hyperlipidemia was setup by high fat diet for 30 d to evaluate the hypolipidemic effect of the biflavonoid at dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/d (ig). Antioxidative activity was determined by levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in mice serum. The biflavonoid significantly controlled mice weight and liver coefficient, decreased the content of total cholesterol and triglyceride, promoted the level of high density lipoprotein in a dose dependent manner. The significant decrease of MDA content and increase of SOD and GSH-Px activity indicated it enhanced antioxidative capacity in vivo and was ascribed to hypolipidemic effect. The biflavonoid is useful in the prevention of high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Biflavonoids/chemistry , Biflavonoids/isolation & purification , Biflavonoids/pharmacology , Body Weight/drug effects , Camellia/chemistry , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Hyperlipidemias/drug therapy , Lipids/analysis , Male , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Mice , Molecular Structure , Oxidation-Reduction , Phytotherapy , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
The leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam., Moringaceae, are used by the Indians in their herbal medicine as a hypolipidemic agent in obese patients. Albino Wistar rats were fed with methanolic extract of M. oleifera (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg, p.o.) and simvastatin (4 mg/kg, p.o.) along with hyperlipidemic diet for 30 days. Moringa oleifera and simvastatin were found to lower the serum cholesterol, triacylglyceride, VLDL, LDL, and atherogenic index, but were found to increase the HDL as compared to the corresponding high fed cholesterol diet group (control). The Moringa oleifera methanolic extract was also investigated for its mechanism of action by estimating HMG CO-A reductase activity. Moringa oleifera was found to increase the excretion of fecal cholesterol. Thus, the study demonstrates that M. oleifera possesses a hypolipidemic effect.
As folhas de Moringa oleifera Lam., Moringaceae, são usados na medicina natural da Índia como um agente hipolipemiante em pacientes obesos. Ratos albinos Wistar foram alimentados com extrato metanólico de M. oleifera (150, 300 e 600 mg/kg, p.o.) e sinvastatina (4 mg/kg, p.o.), juntamente com dieta hiperlipídica por 30 dias. Moringa oleifera e sinvastatina reduziram o colesterol, triacilglicerídeoss, VLDL, LDL e índice aterogênico, mas não aumentaram o HDL em comparação com o grupo controle, com dieta rica em colesterol. O mecanismo de ação do extrato metanólico de Moringa oleifera foi também investigado estimando atividade de HMG CO-A redutase. Moringa oleifera aumentou a excreção fecal de colesterol. Assim, o estudo demonstra que a M. oleifera parece ter efeito hipolipemiante.
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Hypolipidemic effect of biopolymers extracted from culture broth (CP), mycelia (MP), and fruiting bodies (FP) of Auricularia auricula-judae was investigated in dietary-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The experimental animals were administrated (100 mg/kg body weight) with different biopolymers, daily for 4 weeks. Hypolipidemic effects were achieved in all the experimental groups, however, FP was proved to be the most potent one. The administration of the FP reduced the plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and atherogenic index by 24.3, 28.5, 36.4, and 40.9%, respectively, while increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (9.0%), when compared to the saline (control) administered group.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Biopolymers , Cholesterol , Fruit , Lipoproteins , Plasma , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
Having fed the rats with high-lipid food added with amorphophallue konjac powder 3.3-6.2g/Kg/d for thirty days,we observed an effective prevention of the significant incerese in serum and liver cholesterol and triglyceride,and a boost of serum HDL-C,with effects more obvious than that of clofibrate.A significant decreas in serum and liver cholesterol and triglyceride could also occur after feeding amorphophallue konjac powder 2.6-5.og/Kg/d to the rats with hyperlipidemia for ten days,the effect being more obvious than that of clofibrate.The result of the pathological examination of the liver also showed that amorphophallue konjac powder had an obvious hypolipidemic effect.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyse the nutrients of Acaudina leucoprocta and explore its hypolipidemic effect. Method The nutrients constituents of Acaudina leucoprocta were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography,and was compared with Apstichopus japonicus. The hyperlipidemia model was estabolished by feeding SD male mice with high fat feed. The change of liver index and fat coefficient as well as the effects on serum lipid,antioxidant capacity of serum in rats were observed. Results The fat content of Acaudina leucoprocta was only 0.43%,significantly lower than that of Apstichopus japonicus. The content of amino acids in Acaudina leucoprocta was higher than that of Apstichopus japonicus. Acaudina leucoprocta would decrease the liver index,fat coefficient and TC,TG,LDL-C,LDL-C/HDL-C in serum significantly,and increase HDL-C and HDL-C/TC. MDA and NEFA contents were effectively reduced. GSH-Px activitives were enhanced. Conclusion Acaudina leucoprocta is very rich in protein,and low in fat content. It has hypolipidemic and antioxidative effects,and may reduce the oxidative damage caused by high fat diet. Acaudina leucoprocta may be used as a functional food.