ABSTRACT
Las hormonas tiroideas actúan como reguladores primarios del metabolismo intermediario en todos los tejidos del organismo; tienen funciones de gran trascendencia a nivel del sistema nervioso, donde ejercen acciones potencialmente neuroprotectoras. Los niveles de las hormonas tiroideas están sujetos a una estrecha regulación en el sistema nervioso y se sugiere que incluso ligeras desviaciones del rango de normalidad pueden estar asociadas a enfermedades neurodegenerativas. En esta revisión se resumieron los hallazgos existentes en torno al papel de las hormonas tiroideas en la fisiología normal y patológica del sistema nervioso, con énfasis en enfermedades neurodegenerativas y los mecanismos moleculares implicados. Las evidencias indican un rol significativo para las hormonas tiroideas en varias enfermedades neurodegenerativas, si bien es necesaria la realización de estudios prospectivos de mayor envergadura para precisar su función y evaluar su utilidad como bio-marcadores y dianas terapéuticas.
Thyroid hormones are primary regulators of intermediate metabolism in all body tissues. Particularly, they have very important functions at the level of nervous system, even having potentially neuro-protective effects. Usually, thyroid hormone levels are under a very close regulation in the nervous system and, because of that, small deviations from the normality range can be associated to neurodegenerative conditions. In this review, evidences about the roles of thyroid hormones in normal and pathological physiology of the nervous system are summarized, with an emphasis in neurodegenerative disorders and the molecular mechanisms involved. Findings suggest a significant role for thyroid hormones in several neurodegenerative diseases, although larger prospective studies are needed to clarify their function and to assess their usefulness as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
ABSTRACT
Background:In our country the thyroid diseases usually diagnosed using only laboratory indicators of thyroid hormons such as T3, T4, TSH and medical symptom. It means there are considerably late diagnosing of thyroid failure. In recently hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism are being diagnosed by specific thyroid antibodies which are instead during thyroid disorders in the worldwide. Although this diagnostic method is used in some laboratory in our country but their diagnostic significance have not yet been determined. It is important to lunce diagnostic methods for thyroid antibodies specially essential for endocrine doctors.Objective:To determine the diagnostic significance of thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibodies in relation with thyroid disease.Research materials and methods:In this research of thyroid peroxidase antybody and thyroglobulin antibody, we use 20-64 age 23 patients who have hypothyrodism diagnostics, 36 patients how have hyperhotyrodism diagnostics, 30 patients who are relatively healthy and their disease was denied on symptom and laboratory test, total 89 people.Results:There were 57 female and 32 male from total 89 people investigated for this study. The traditional determination of thyroid hormones for diagnosis of thyroid diseases still have high diagnostic significance. The newly launched and used in our study anti-TPO and anti-Tg have very high significance for thyroid diagnosis. We found that anti-TPO antibody has primary information indicator and anti-Tg antibody is secondary information indicator for the diagnosis of thyroid disorder.Conclusion:1.Among 59 patients with thyroid diseases 89.8% (n=53) of them determined increased anti-TPO concentration and 61% (n=36) of them increased anti-Tg concentration. It shows increase of these antibodies have high diagnostic significance for thyroid diseases.2.For hyperthytiodism the anti-TPO has strong supportive information indicator (карра=0,64) and anti-Tg has primary information indicator (карра=0,84). 3.For hypothytiodism the anti-TPO has primary information indicator (карра=0,78) and anti-Tg has weak supportive information indicatot (карра=0,24).
ABSTRACT
Background: In our country the thyroid diseases usually diagnosed using only laboratory indicators of thyroid hormons such as T3, T4, TSH and medical symptom. It means there are considerably late diagnosing of thyroid failure. In recently hypothyroidism and hypothyroidism are being diagnosed by specific thyroid antibodies which are instead during thyroid disorders in the worldwide. Although this diagnostic method is used in some laboratory in our country but their diagnostic significance have not yet been determined. It is important to lunce diagnostic methods for thyroid antibodies specially essential for endocrine doctors. Objective: To determine the diagnostic significance of thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibodies in relation with thyroid disease. Research materials and methods: In this research of thyroid peroxidase antybody and thyroglobulin antibody, we use 20-64 age 23 patients who have hypothyrodism diagnostics, 36 patients how have hyperhotyrodism diagnostics, 30 patients who are relatively healthy and their disease was denied on symptom and laboratory test, total 89 people. Results: There were 57 female and 32 male from total 89 people investigated for this study. The traditional determination of thyroid hormones for diagnosis of thyroid diseases still have high diagnostic significance. The newly launched and used in our study anti-TPO and anti-Tg have very high significance for thyroid diagnosis. We found that anti-TPO antibody has primary information indicator and anti-Tg antibody is secondary information indicator for the diagnosis of thyroid disorder. Conclusion: 1.Among 59 patients with thyroid diseases 89.8% (n=53) of them determined increased anti-TPO concentration and 61% (n=36) of them increased anti-Tg concentration. It shows increase of these antibodies have high diagnostic significance for thyroid diseases. 2.For hyperthytiodism the anti-TPO has strong supportive information indicator (карра=0,64) and anti-Tg has primary information indicator (карра=0,84). 3.For hypothytiodism the anti-TPO has primary information indicator (карра=0,78) and anti-Tg has weak supportive information indicatot (карра=0,24).
ABSTRACT
As diretrizes enfatizam o momento adequado para a coleta do teste de triagem neonatal entre o 3º e o 7º dias de vida, em 100 por cento dos recém-natos. O tratamento do hipotireoidismo congênito e da fenilcetonúria iniciado até 2 semanas de vida é capaz de evitar as sequelas neurológicas dessas doenças. O programa de triagem neonatal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro foi credenciado para Fase II do Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal com dois modelos de programa - modelo A e modelo B. Foi realizada análise de desempenho do PTN de 2005 a 2007. Entre 2002 e 2007, a cobertura foi crescente e chegou a 80,4 por cento, com 33,8 por cento das coletas realizadas até 7 dias. Ambos os modelos tiveram desempenhos semelhantes e aquém das metas preconizadas, com 50 por cento dos casos confirmados obtendo diagnóstico com mais de 48 dias de vida. Os atrasos acumulados nas diversas etapas do processo podem anular os benefícios da detecção precoce, fundamento da triagem neonatal. Os efeitos deletérios de longo prazo transcendem a esfera individual acarretando impacto no sistema de saúde e grande ônus social.
Guidelines emphasize that the appropriate time frame for neonatal screening with the heel stick test is from the 3rd to 7th day of life, in 100 percent of newborns. Treatment for congenital hypothyroidism and phenylketonuria, when initiated in the first two weeks of life, is capable of preventing the neurological sequelae of these diseases. The Rio de Janeiro State Neonatal Screening Program was accredited for Phase 2 of the National Neonatal Screening Program, with two program models (A and B). A performance analysis was conducted for the Neonatal Screening Program, for the years 2005 to 2007. Coverage increased from 2002 to 2007, reaching 80.4 percent, with 33.8 percent of the blood samples drawn in the first 7 days of life. The two models showed similar performance, short of the targets, with 50 percent of the confirmed cases receiving their diagnosis at more than 48 days of life. The delays accumulated in the various stages of the process can impede the benefits of early detection, the cornerstone of neonatal screening. The deleterious long-term effects transcend the individual sphere, with an impact on the health system and a major social burden.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Congenital Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Neonatal Screening , Phenylketonurias/diagnosis , Brazil , National Health Programs , Program EvaluationABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the screening state and cause of neonatal congenital hypothyroidism(CH) in Henan province.Me-thods Three hundred and thirty-eight thousands no-choice newborns in the 156 hospitals in Henan province from Jan.1998 to Dec.2004 were received screening.The heel peripheral blood samples were taken and the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) were mea-sured by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay.Positive newborns were recalled and draw out 2 mL venous blood.The levels of TSH,triiodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine(T4) in serum were detected by direct chemiluminescence.The abnormal criterion was that the level of T3,T4 was under the normal range and the level of TSH was above the normal range.Meanwhile their growth and development,intelligence quotient,related medical examination and family histories were investigated in order to find etiological factors and high risk factors.Results The average coverage rate was 5.93% of neonatal screening for CH in Henan province.One hundrend and nine infants were diagnosed CH.The attack rate was about 0.032%.The site and growth of thyroideas of 109 cases with CH were all normal.There were higher morbidity for pregnant women with unhealthy condition or the families with hypertension,diabetes,deformity or dysnoesia.Conclusions Etiology of newborns with CH in Henan province may be not relate with congenital absence and dystopia of thyroidea,but relate with dyssynthesis and receptor deficiency of hormone.And scientific reference is offered for the further study.