Evaluation of Efficacy of IAC Yokahama Reporting System For Breast Cytology – A Single Institutional Experience.

Purpose: Breast fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has a long history of providing accurate, rapid and cost-effective diagnosis of palpable breast lesions. Recently, International Academy of Cytology (IAC) at Yokohama proposed a new reporting system for breast cytology, in order to bring uniformity across the globe. Any new classification system needs to be validated for its practical applicability. Objectives: This study was conducted to categorize the breast lesions as per this classification and further determine the diagnostic efficacy and risk of malignancy in each category. Material and methods: This was a cross sectional observational analytical study. All the cases presenting to cytology OPD from Janurary 2020 upto December 2022, (N=296) with breast lesions for FNAC were included in the study. All the cases were divided into five categories as per the newly proposed IAC Yokohama reporting system. The risk of malignancy for each category was determined and diagnostic efficacy was evaluated.Results:The sample were distributed as follows: insufficient material 4.39%, benign 66.21%, atypical 10.47%, suspicious for malignancy 1.35% and malignancy 17.56%. Histopathology was obtained in 88 cases, out of which 82 (93.18%) showed concordant diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity were 85.71% and 98.11% respectively. Risk of malignancy (ROM) in each category was as follows-benign (0.01%), atypia (71.4%), suspicious (100%) and malignancy (96.66%) respectively.Conclusion:The high efficacy of FNAC obtained in the present study, when IAC Yokohama reporting system was applied, confirms the usefulness of this scheme in reporting breast lesions. A risk-based stratification is essential in the present era to guide and alert the clinician about the subsequent management plan and the ROM.

Bilateral Narrow Internal Auditory Canal With Duplication: High Resolution CT And MRI Findings

Inner ear malformations account for only 20 % of cases of congenital sensorineural hearing loss.A narrow internal auditory canal (IAC) with duplication is a very rare congenital anomaly that can be associated with other malformative ear abnormalities. Identification and characterization of these abnormalities will be crucial for the proper management of patients.We report two cases of bilateral duplicated internal auditory canal with other associated inner ear anomalies.

Management of retinoblastoma in older children (>5 years) using intra-arterial chemotherapy: Comparison of outcomes to prechemotherapy and intravenous chemotherapy eras

Purpose: Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) has emerged as an effective treatment for retinoblastoma (RB) however, little information exists regarding its use in older patients (>5 years). In the present study, we evaluate the use of IAC (2008�2018) for RB in older patients and compare the outcomes to those in the prechemotherapy (<1994) and intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) (1994�2007) eras. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients older than 5 years treated with IAC for RB from 2008�2018. Comparisons were made to 26 active RB cases in older children treated in the prechemotherapy era and to 12 active RB cases treated in the IVC era. Results: There were 13 eyes with RB in 13 older patients treated in the IAC era. The median patient age was 6.8 years. Tumor response was achieved in all 13 eyes at a median interval of 1.1 months from first IAC. Globe salvage was achieved in eight eyes with five eyes requiring enucleation. At 14 months, median follow-up after IAC, there was no metastasis or death. Compared to the prechemotherapy era, those in the IAC era demonstrated significant reduction in need for enucleation (P < 0.001) and EBRT or enucleation (P < 0.001). Compared to the IVC era, there was significant reduction in need for EBRT (P = 0.02) and EBRT or enucleation (P = 0.03) and similar avoidance of metastasis (P > 0.99) and death (P > 0.99). Conclusion: Older patients with RB managed in the IAC era demonstrated reduced need for EBRT or enucleation compared to those managed in the IVC or prechemotherapy eras, with no instance of metastasis or death.

Efeito do regulador de crescimento prohexadione-ca na redução do ciclo e outras características do amendoim rasteiro / Effect of the growth regulator prohexadione-ca on the cycle reduction and other traits of runner peanut

Para expandir a utilização do amendoim como cultura de sucessão durante a entressafra da cana-deaçúcar, é necessário limitar o ciclo da cultura, principalmente quando as cultivares são rasteiras. Uma das alternativas para reduzir o ciclo é a utilização de reguladores de crescimento. O presente trabalho objetivou testar em campo o efeito do Prohexadione-Ca na cultivar de amendoim IAC 503 do tipo rasteiro, cujo ciclo excede 130 dias. O experimento foi realizado em área experimental na região centro norte do estado de São Paulo. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso com oito tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de três épocas de aplicação (45, 65 e 85 (DAP)) e doses do produto 110, 220 e 330g i.a.ha-1. Avaliaram-se as características vegetativas das plantas, a produtividade (kg.ha-1) e a porcentagem de maturação em três épocas de colheita. Verificaram-se efeitos moderados do Prohexadione-Ca em relação à testemunha, tanto na maturação como em aspectos relativos ao crescimento de ramos e na produtividade. Os tratamentos com duas ou três aplicações do regulador foram na maioria dos casos mais efetivos do que onde apenas uma aplicação foi feita. A melhor dose situa-se entre 110 e 220g i.a ha-1, com duas aplicações. Os efeitos do regulador sobre a maturação foram pequenos nas três épocas de colheita mostrando que é necessário prosseguimento deste trabalho, aprimorando a metodologia e avaliando os melhores tratamentos em outro ano agrícola.

To expand the peanut as a succession crop during the sugarcane crop renewal areas, it is necessary to limit its cycle duration, mainly in runner cultivars. One of the alternatives is to reduce the cycle using growth regulators. This work was done to test, under field conditions, the effect of Prohexadione-Ca on the cultivar IAC 503, a runner cultivar whose cycle exceeds 130 days. The experiment was carried out in an experimental area in the center north region of São Paulo State. The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks with eight treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of dates of application and doses of the product. Plant vegetative characteristics, yield and percentage of pod maturity were evaluated in three harvesting dates. Moderate effects of Prohexadione-Ca were observed in percentage of pod maturity, branch growth and yield, as compared to the control. The treatments with two or three applications of the regulator were, in most cases, more effective than where only one application was done. The best dose situates between 110 and 220 g i.a.ha-1, with two applications. The effects on the maturation of the regulator were small in the three harvest dates showing that it is necessary to continue this work, improving the methodology and evaluate the best treatments in another crop year.

Síndrome de Wolf-Hirschhorn (deleção do braço curto do cromossomo 4p): Relato de caso / Wolf-hirschhorn syndrome (terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4p): case report

Objective: to report a case of Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome or partial deletion of the short arm of one chromosome 4 and present a brief literature review. Case Report: the authors report a case of a seven years-old child presenting the main findings of the syndrome: hypertelorism, big and large nose, prominent glabella, high arched eyebrows, antimongoloid palpebral fissures, bilateral low implantation of auricles, and microcephaly. Echodopplercardiographic study evidenced interatrial communication type ostium secundum without hemodynamic repercussion. Radiological examination showed clubfeet. The patient presents many cognitive deficits, mainly in functions as interaction and learning. Evident motor dysfunctions compromising gait and also muscle atrophy. The child also presented convulsive crises in the first year of life that are currently controlled by the use of anticonvulsants. Final considerations: the incidence of the Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome is rare, with only 100 cases reported until1981. The prognosis is relative, with one third of the patients dying with in the first year, while other children are alive with more than twelve years of age. This case was diagnosed based on clinical, radiological, echodopplercardiographical criteria and confirmed by the karyotype's result 46,XX,del(4)(p15?1).

Objetivo: descrever um caso de síndrome de Wolf-Hirschhorn ou deleção parcial terminal do braço curto de um dos cromossomos 4 e apresentar uma breve revisão da literatura. Relato de Caso: criança de sete anos que apresenta os principais aspectos da síndrome: hipertelorismo, nariz grande e adunco, glabela proeminente, fissuras palpebrais antimongolóides, implantação baixa dos pavilhões auriculares, micrognatia e microcefalia. Radiografias do esqueleto revelaram má formação óssea, causando pés eqüinovaros. A ecodopplercardiografia evidenciou CIA sem repercussão hemodinâmica. A paciente apresenta inúmeros déficits cognitivos, fundamentalmente nas funções de interação e aprendizado, além dos distúrbios motores evidentes, com comprometimento da marcha e atrofia muscular; crises convulsivas no primeiro ano de vida, mas que estão atualmente controladas pelo uso de anticonvulsivante. Considerações Finais: a incidência da Síndrome de Wolh-Hirschhorn é rara, com 100 casos publicados até 1981. O prognóstico é relativo, com 1/3 dos pacientes morrendo no decorrer do primeiro ano, enquanto outras crianças estão vivas com mais de 12 anos. O caso apresentado foi diagnosticado com base em critérios clínicos, radiológicos, ecodopplercardiogáficos e confirmado pelo resultado do cariótipo: 46,XX,del(4)(p15?1).