Effects of Sijunzi decoction-containing serum on polyamine/HuR signaling pathway during IEC-6 cell proliferation / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of Sijunzi Decoction on mRNA and protein expression related to growth and cell cycle in polyamine/HuR signaling pathway during small intestinal epithelial cell (IEC-6) proliferation, and to explore its mechanism on intestinal mucosal injury repair. Methods Sijunzi Decoction-containing serum (SJZD) was prepared from SD rats, the expression of HuR protein in cytoplasm and nucleus was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blot, the mRNA level of activating transcription factor-2 (A T F - 2), JunD and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) were determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), Western blot was used to detect protein level of HuR, ATF-2, JunD and CDK4, and flow cytometry was applied to analyse cell cycle distribution. Results Compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein expression of ATF-2 and JunD decreased, while the expression of Cdk4 mRNA and protein increased in SZJD group, and the proportion of G

Management of Infectious Epidermal Cyst (IEC) with Hainosankyuto (HST) / 日本東洋医学雑誌

Infectious epidermal cyst (IEC) is one of the most common cutaneous cysts. It sometimes causes severe bacterial infection and requires incisional drainage under local anesthesia. We reviewed the short-term outcome of the severe IEC patients with the Japanese traditional medicine, hainosankyuto, instead of surgical drainage. We retrospectively examined 125 patients of IEC (52 males and 73 females) administered hainosankyuto (HST). No recurrence for a year after the inflammatory symptoms disappeared was defined as short-term cure. We compared the cure rate and the internal use period by gender, age, affected area, premedication of antibiotics, and complications of immunosuppressive therapy. Overall, 88 cases (70%) were short-term cured and the average oral administration was 14.6 days. There was no gender difference. In age-related analysis, the cure rate tended to be lower in the 30s-50s because of many dropouts. In the examination by site, the cure rate was significantly higher in the other site group (63/78 cases : 80%) than back and buttock group. The average oral administration period was longer in the back and buttock group, respectively. The cure rate was higher in the antibiotic premedication group. The average oral administration period was significantly shorter in the no premedication group. In immunosuppressive group, 21 of 24 patients (87.5%) were cured, which was significantly higher than normal group. There was no difference in average oral administration period between the two groups. Hainosankyuto treatment was beneficial for short-term cure of severe IEC.

Barriers for measles rubella vaccination campaign in rural area of Jammu: a qualitative study

Background: Measles is a highly contagious virus, spread by contact with an infected person through coughing and sneezing. Like measles, rubella can be prevented with a safe, effective and inexpensive vaccine. This can be delivered as a rubella vaccine alone, or combined with measles vaccine (MR) or with measles and mumps vaccines (MMR). The objectives of the study were to analyze the barriers for acceptance of MR vaccination in the field area of New Type Primary Health Centre (NTPHC) Miran Sahib, one of the NTPHC of CHC R. S. Pura, field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, GMC Jammu.Methods: A qualitative study which consisting of interviews of parents of children both vaccinated as well as unvaccinated as well as teachers and principals of children of various government and private schools, Female Multipurpose Health Worker (FMPHW)s, accredited social health activist (ASHA) workers and Anganwadi workers where the campaign was conducted was also interviewed.Results: The major barrier to acceptance of MR vaccination was wrong message conducted through some social media that it results in deaths of some children in various places, and also the messages spread in some religions like in Muslim community that the Vaccine leads to infertility. But the sensitization meetings with the parents, school staff by the health team prior to vaccination played a major role and results in the vaccine coverage of 95%.Conclusions: Before eliminating MR, there are many barriers which are needed to be addressed

Anti-proliferative potential of sodium thiosulfate against HT 29 human colon cancer cells with augmented effect in the presence of mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors

Objective: To compare the anti-proliferative effect of sodium thiosulfate on human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) and normal small intestine cells (IEC6). Methods: Cells (HT-29 and IEC6) were treated with different concentrations of sodium thiosulfate ranging from 0.5 mM to 80 mM for 24 h. Cell viability was measured via crystal violet and MTT assays. HT-29 cells were further treated in the presence and absence of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors, KATP channel opener and closer and H2S inhibitors for 24 h followed by sodium thiosulfate in order to study their respective roles in the anti-proliferative activity of sodium thiosulfate. Results: The IC50 values of sodium thiosulfate on HT-29 cells were 40.93 mM and 42.45 mM by crystal violet and MTT assay whereas, in the case of IEC6 cells, the values were 45.17 mM and 47.22 mM. The inhibition of endogenous H2S enzymes and KATP channel induced no change in the anti-proliferative capacity of sodium thiosulfate. However, the anti-proliferative activity of sodium thiosulfate was enhanced in the presence of mitochondrial ETC inhibitors. Conclusions: HT-29 cell growth is effectively attenuated by sodium thiosulfate and the anti-proliferative activity of sodium thiosulfate is enhanced in the presence of mitochondrial ETC inhibitors.

Anti-proliferative potential of sodium thiosulfate against HT 29 human colon cancer cells with augmented effect in the presence of mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors

Objective: To compare the anti-proliferative effect of sodium thiosulfate on human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29) and normal small intestine cells (IEC6). Methods: Cells (HT-29 and IEC6) were treated with different concentrations of sodium thiosulfate ranging from 0.5 mM to 80 mM for 24 h. Cell viability was measured via crystal violet and MTT assays. HT-29 cells were further treated in the presence and absence of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors, K

Mechanism of Fushen Granule on improving intestinal epithelial barrier injury / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the protection mechanism of Fushen Granule on LPS-induced intestinal epithelial cell (IEC-6) barrier injury. Methods: IEC-6 were divided into control group, model group, Fushen granule group, and p38MAPK inhibitor group. In addition to the control group, 1 μg/mL LPS was added to the other groups, 10% drug-containing serum and 10 μmol/L SB203580 were respectively added to the administration group. The apoptosis of IEC-6 were detected by flow cytometry; The permeability and transmembrane resistance of IEC-6 barrier were detected by Transwell assay; The mRNA levels of ICAM-1 and IL-1β were assessed by Real-time PCR; The expressions of occludin, ZO-1, p38MAPK, and DUSP1 were detected by western blotting. Results: Compared with the control group, the apoptosis of IEC-6 were significantly increased in model group (P < 0.01), the levels of ICAM-1 and IL-1β were significantly increased (P < 0.01), the occludin and ZO-1 were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), the intestinal permeability was significantly increased (P < 0.05), the mRNA levels of ICAM-1 and IL-1β in IEC-6 were significantly inhibited, the permeability of intestinal mucosal barrier was reduced (P < 0.05), the expressions of DUSP1, occludin and ZO-1were increased (P < 0.05, 0.01), the expression of p38MAPK was inhibited (P < 0.01), which showed a similar effect with p38MAPK inhibitor. Conclusion: Fushen Granule could regulate DUSP1 which inhibits the activation of p38MAPK signaling pathway, up-regulate Occludin and ZO-1, improve the tight junction of IEC-6, thereby improving the cell barrier function damage caused by LPS.

The effect of information, education and communication on knowledge and practice regarding prevention/treatment of iron deficiency anaemia among the antenatal women attending primary health centre in Puducherry, India: a randomised control study

Background: IEC (Information, Education, and Communication) strategies may help pregnant women to prevent disease and to improve and maintain health. The present study was carried out with an aim to evaluate the effectiveness of IEC in improving the knowledge and practice regarding prevention/treatment of iron deficiency anaemia among the antenatal women attending Primary Health Centre in Puducherry.Methods: The present study was carried out in Puducherry, as a randomised control trial among antenatal mothers attending antenatal clinics in Primary Health Centre from February 2016 to August 2017. Block randomization technique was used to designate study participants into intervention and non-intervention groups. The minimum required sample size was calculated to be 84 in each group. Then intervention (Information, Education and Communication) was given to these antenatal women by using interpersonal communication methods, PowerPoint presentation and audio visual aids.Results: Correct responses to the questions were compared among the intervention and non intervention group in pre test and post test. It was noted that the proportion of correct responses were significantly higher among intervention group than that of non-intervention groups.Conclusions: Well planned and tailor made IEC material, acceptable by the regional population, by using various modes of interpersonal communication, improves the knowledge and practice of the antenatal mothers. It was also found that the haemoglobin levels of mothers in the intervention group were higher than the antenatal mothers who did not receive any IEC intervention.

Prevention of Metamphetamine Use Relapse Through Improving Effective Information, Education and Communication (IEC): An Open Cluster-Randomized-Controlled Trial / Lao Medical Journal

Background and Rational@#In Lao PDR, relapse of metamphetamine use following discharge from rehabilitation center is unacceptably high (~50%). Good preparedness and IEC provision to the rehabilitated addicts before discharge from the rehabilitation center is likely to be vital to prevent relapse. Effective IEC would probably help to reduce the rate of relapse.@*Methodology@#This was an open cluster-randomized-controlled trial to assess the newly developed IEC package among metamphetamine users. The intervention group received new IEC package (education message + brochure + telephone contact number + follow-up) while the conventional advice was given to control group. The study participants were followed up for 6 months by telephone (at 1, 3, 6 months). The primary endpoint was the relapse rate.@*Result@#One hundred and eighty-one addicts were enrolled in the trial (93 in intervention and 88 in control groups). Ninety-six subjects were male. The overall mean (SD) age of the participants was 26.5 (6.1) years and the overall median (range) duration of drug use was 5 (0.5 – 26) years and these figures were not significantly different between the groups (P=0.50 and P=0.97), respectively). The proportion of the participants who were lost to follow-up was 8%. Sixty percents of the study subjects completed 6-months follow up and this was not statistically different between the groups (P=0.93). The overall percentage of relapse was 39% (65/166) [36% (31/85) in intervention and 42% (34/81) in control groups, P=0.38). The median (range) duration of relapse was 30 (1 – 160) days and this was not significantly different between the groups (P=0.38). In a multiple logistic regression model, contact with drug users following discharge from the rehabilitation center was significantly associated with relapse [AOR = 73, 95%CI = 39 – 405, P<0.001] while having a permanent job following discharge was a protective factor for relapse [AOR = 0.03 (0.004 – 0.27), P=0.002].@*Conclusion@#The relapse rate of metamphetamine use was lower in the group with new IEC package than in control group but this was not statistically significant. Further study with a larger scale is strongly recommended

Comparison of Low-polarity Volatile Constituents in Supercritical CO2 Extract from the Roots and Stem of Ilex asprella and Its Effects on the Proliferation of IEC- 6 Cells / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To compare low-polarity volatile constituents in supercritical CO2 extract from the roots and stem of Ilex asprella and its effects on the proliferation of IEC-6 in vitro， and to provide reference for making full use of wild resources of I. asprella and expanding its medicinal parts. METHODS： The low-polarity volatile constituents were extracted from the root and stem of I. asprella with supercritical fluid CO2 extraction（SFE-CO2）. The chemical constituents were analyzed by GC-MS. IEC-6 cells were treated with different concentrations of supercritical CO2 extracts （0， 1， 5， 10， 20， 40， 60， 80， 100 μg/mL） from roots or stems of I. asprella. MTT assay was used to detect the relative viability， and cell proliferation curve was drawn and EC50 of each extract were calculated. RESULTS： Sixty-two and forty-six low-polarity volatile constituents were identified from supercritical CO2 extract in the roots and stem of I. asprella with GC-MS； there were 24 common constituents totally， mainly including pelargonic acid（14.18％ and 6.14％），octanoic acid（10.59％ and 4.35％），hexanoic acid（8.63％ and 10.86％），paeonol（7.79％ and 6.00％），2-methyl-3-phenyl-propanal（6.3％ and 0.58％），acetic acid（1.72％ and 33.77％） in root and stem， respectively. The results of cell culture in vitro showed that when the concentration of supercritical CO2 extract from the roots and stems of I. asprella was lower （≤60 μg/mL）， it could significantly promote the proliferation of IEC-6 cells and their EC50 were 16.35， 20.20 μg/mL， respectively； when the concentration of the extract was higher （≥80 μg/mL）， it showed cytotoxicity and inhibited the proliferation of IEC-6 cells. CONCLUSIONS： There are similar species of volatile constituents in roots and stems of I. asprella and similar in vitro bioactivity of the supercritical CO2 extracts to IEC-6 cells. The short-chain fatty acids may be the active ingredient to promote cell proliferation， while paeonol may be the cytotoxic active ingredient.

The experimental model of intestinal epithelial cell growth established by real time cell analysis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on cell growth under different culture conditions using the real-time cell analyzer and EGF as a tool medicine to promote cell growth,and to provide reference for establishing pharmacokinetic model of IEC-6 cell growth (proliferation).Methods IEC-6 cell was inoculated on E-Plate 16 plate at a density of 1 × 104 cell/well and cultured in DMEM with 10％ serum for 24 h,then replaced by serum-free DMEM culture (serum starvation)for 20 h,then the effects of different culture conditions on cell growth as well as EGF efficacy were observed.Results ① When the serum concentration was 10％,the cell growth index of EGF group(1,10,100 μg · L-1) after drug administration 24 h,48 h and 72 h was P ＞ 0.05 compared with the blank group,suggesting that 10％ serum culture could not reflect the efficacy of EGF.② When the serum concentration was 0％,EGF (1,10 μg · L-1) improved cell growth inhibition caused by serum-free cultivation,but could not recover it to normal level (the EGF group after drug administration 24 h,48 h and 72 h was P ＜0.01 compared with 5％ serum),which suggested that serum-free culture could not reflect the EGF efficacy.③ 0％,0.5％,1％ serum had different effects on cell growth,of which 0.5％ serum could neither have obvious inhibition on cell growth,nor reflect the EGF effect due to promoting cell growth for a long time.④When the serum concentration was 0.5 ％,the cell growth index of EGF groups after drug administration 24h,48h and 72h was P ＜0.01 compared with the blank group,suggesting that 0.5％ serum culture could better reflect EGF efficacy.⑤The efficacy of EGF (10 μg· L-1) in promoting cell growth was confirmed by repeated validation of 0.5 ％ serum.Condusions A reference scheme of the IEC-6 cell growth (proliferative) pharmacological experimental model is established in the real-time cell analyzer:cells are cultured in DMEM with 10％ serum for 24h,then in serum-free DMEM (serum starvation) for 20h,then after the adding of reagent,cells are cultured in DMEM with 0.5％ serum for 48-72 h to observe its effect on cell growth (proliferation).

Polysaccharide extracts of Astragalus membranaceus and Atractylodes macrocephala promote intestinal epithelial cell migration by activating the polyamine-mediated K channel / 中国天然药物

Astragalus membranaceus (Radix Astragali, RA) and Atractylodes macrocephala (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, RAM) are often used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. In the present study, we determined the effects of polysaccharides extracts from these two herbs on IEC-6 cell migration and explored the potential underlying mechanisms. A migration model with IEC-6 cells was induced using a single-edged razor blade along the diameter of cell layers in six-well polystyrene plates. The cells were grown in control media or media containing spermidine (5 μmol·L, SPD), alpha-difluoromethylornithine (2.5 mmol·L, DFMO), 4-Aminopyridine (40 μmol·L, 4-AP), the polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM (50, 100, or 200 mg·L), DFMO plus SPD, or DFMO plus polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM for 12 or 24 h. Next, cytosolic free Ca ([Ca]) was measured using laser confocal microscopy, and cellular polyamine content was quantified with HPLC. Kv1.1 mRNA expression was assessed using RT-qPCR and Kv1.1 and RhoA protein expressions were measured with Western blotting analysis. A cell migration assay was carried out using Image-Pro Plus software. In addition, GC-MS was introduced to analyze the monosaccharide composition of both polysaccharide extracts. The resutls showed that treatment with polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM significantly increased cellular polyamine content, elevated [Ca] and accelerated migration of IEC-6 cells, compared with the controls (P < 0.01). Polysaccharide extracts not only reversed the inhibitory effects of DFMO on cellular polyamine content and [Ca], but also restored IEC-6 cell migration to control level (P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Kv1.1 mRNA and protein expressions were increased (P < 0.05) after polysaccharide extract treatment in polyamine-deficient IEC-6 cells and RhoA protein expression was increased. Molar ratios of D-ribose, D-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose was 1.0 : 14.1 : 0.3 : 19.9 : 181.3 : 6.3 in RA and 1.0 : 4.3 : 0.1 : 5.7 : 2.8 : 2.2 in RAM. In conclusion, treatment with RA and RAM polysaccharide extracts stimulated migration of intestinal epithelial cells via a polyamine-Kv1.1 channel activated signaling pathway, which facilitated intestinal injury healing.

Polysaccharide extracts of Astragalus membranaceus and Atractylodes macrocephala promote intestinal epithelial cell migration by activating the polyamine-mediated K channel / 中国天然药物

Astragalus membranaceus (Radix Astragali, RA) and Atractylodes macrocephala (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, RAM) are often used to treat gastrointestinal diseases. In the present study, we determined the effects of polysaccharides extracts from these two herbs on IEC-6 cell migration and explored the potential underlying mechanisms. A migration model with IEC-6 cells was induced using a single-edged razor blade along the diameter of cell layers in six-well polystyrene plates. The cells were grown in control media or media containing spermidine (5 μmol·L, SPD), alpha-difluoromethylornithine (2.5 mmol·L, DFMO), 4-Aminopyridine (40 μmol·L, 4-AP), the polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM (50, 100, or 200 mg·L), DFMO plus SPD, or DFMO plus polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM for 12 or 24 h. Next, cytosolic free Ca ([Ca]) was measured using laser confocal microscopy, and cellular polyamine content was quantified with HPLC. Kv1.1 mRNA expression was assessed using RT-qPCR and Kv1.1 and RhoA protein expressions were measured with Western blotting analysis. A cell migration assay was carried out using Image-Pro Plus software. In addition, GC-MS was introduced to analyze the monosaccharide composition of both polysaccharide extracts. The resutls showed that treatment with polysaccharide extracts of RA or RAM significantly increased cellular polyamine content, elevated [Ca] and accelerated migration of IEC-6 cells, compared with the controls (P < 0.01). Polysaccharide extracts not only reversed the inhibitory effects of DFMO on cellular polyamine content and [Ca], but also restored IEC-6 cell migration to control level (P < 0.01 or < 0.05). Kv1.1 mRNA and protein expressions were increased (P < 0.05) after polysaccharide extract treatment in polyamine-deficient IEC-6 cells and RhoA protein expression was increased. Molar ratios of D-ribose, D-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-mannose, D-glucose, and D-galactose was 1.0 : 14.1 : 0.3 : 19.9 : 181.3 : 6.3 in RA and 1.0 : 4.3 : 0.1 : 5.7 : 2.8 : 2.2 in RAM. In conclusion, treatment with RA and RAM polysaccharide extracts stimulated migration of intestinal epithelial cells via a polyamine-Kv1.1 channel activated signaling pathway, which facilitated intestinal injury healing.

Up-regulation of IGF Binding Protein-3 Inhibits Colonic Inflammatory Response

BACKGROUND: The aggravating factors still remained unclear in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite many different therapeutic approaches, many patients do not respond to the therapy. The anti-inflammatory effect of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) was suggested because of its capability of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling inhibition. Therefore, we hypothesized that the up-regulation of IGFBP-3 would inhibit an inflammatory process. METHODS: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treated intestinal epithelial cell 6 (IEC-6) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis mice were used as colitis models. Exogenous IGFBP-3 expression was accomplished using the adenoviral vector system expressing IGFBP-3 (Ad/IGFBP-3). The inflammatory responses and relevant cellular responses in IEC-6 cells influenced by IGFBP-3 expression were evaluated by western blotting, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement. The severity of colitis was evaluated with the colon tissues of DSS-induced mouse model. RESULTS: We found that the IGFBP-3 expression reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines (cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α) and ROS formation. IGFBP-3 expression also induced cell viability and inhibited NF-κB activation. In line with this data, the severity of DSS-induced mouse colitis was greatly ameliorated by the treatment of IGFBP-3 expressing adenoviral particles characterized with less weight loss and preserved colon length compared with the mice treated with DSS alone. The histopathology of the colon showed the reducing signs of colitis in Ad/IGFBP-3 treated DSS-mice group. CONCLUSION: Therefore, our data suggest that Ad/IGFBP-3 up-regulation reduces colonic inflammatory response as a novel therapeutic protocol for IBD.

miR-542-5p down-regulates IEC-6 cell proliferation induced by sphingosine-1-phosphate / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To observe the effects of miR-542-5p on the proliferation of rat small intestine crypt epithe-lial IEC-6 cells induced by sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P).METHODS: Two IEC-6 cell lines (SphK1-IEC-C1 and SphK1-IEC-C2) were established, which expressed sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) stably.Radioactive tracer was used to detect SphK1 activity and S1P secretion.The cell proliferation was observed by cell counting and described by drawing growth curve, and the cell cycle analysis was carried out by flow cytometry.The level of miR-542-5p was evaluated by RT-qPCR.RESULTS: Compared with control vector cells without SphK1 cDNA, both SphK1-IEC-C1 and SphK1-IEC-C2 cell lines showed that Sphk1 was elevated, both intracellular and extracellular S1P increased dramatically, the rate of cell growth was faster, the percentage of the cells in S phase increased, and miR-542-5p expression decreased.S1P (0.5~10 μmol/L) led to the decrease in miR-542-5p expression.On the contrary, SphK1 silencing resulted in the increase in miR-542-5p expression in the IEC-6 cells.The miR-542-5p was elevated in SphK1-IEC-C1 cells and SphK1-IEC-C2 cells, which caused the decrease in the percentage of the cells in S phase.The cell growth rate in the above-mentioned 2 cell lines decreased compared with negative control group.CONCLUSION: In IEC-6 cells, S1P promotes proliferation by inhibiting miR-542-5p expression, which induces the cell cycle transferring from G1 phase to S phase.

Analysis of electric shock protection requirements for IVD diagnostic equipment in IEC 61010-1:2010 / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To study the electric shock protection requirements of in vitro diagnostic equipment and to help manufacturers understand the relevant requirements in order to design products reasonably. Methods The requirements of IEC 61010-1:2010 were analyzed, the electric shock protection measures were explored, and the principles for protecting ground impedance against electric shock were described. An example was taken to study the electric shock protection measures for the sampling needle of the automatic bio-chemical analyzer, so that the existence of electric shock hazard could be determined. Results The sampling needle proved its rationality in structure design by avoiding the risk for being electriferous in case of failed basic insulation, although the requirements for protective earthing, double insulation or reinforced insulation were not met efficiently. Conclusion The requirements for electric shock protection can be determined based on comprehensive understanding of the standard, determination of electriferous components of the equipment as well as analysis on electric shock protection measures.

Analytical method validation of GC-FID for the simultaneous measurement of hydrocarbons (C2-C4) in their gas mixture / Validación de un método analítico GC-FID para la medida simultánea de hidrocarburos (C2-C4) en una mezcla gaseosa / Validação de uma metodologia analítica GC-FID para a medida simultánea de hidrocarbonetos (C2-C4) em uma mistura gasosa

An accurate gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) method was validated for the simultaneous analysis of light hydrocarbons (C2-C4) in their gas mixture. The validation parameters were evaluated based on the ISO/TEC 17025 definition including method selectivity, repeatability, accuracy, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), and ruggedness. Under the optimum analytical conditions, the analysis of a gas mixture revealed that each target component was well-separated with high selectivity property. The method was also found to be precise and accurate. The method linearity was found to be high with good correlation coefficient values (R² ≥ 0.999) for all target components. It can be concluded that the GC-FID developed method is reliable and suitable for determination of light C2-C4 hydrocarbons in their gas mixture. The validated method was successfully applied to the estimation of light C2-C4 hydrocarbons in natural gas samples, showing high performance repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 1.0% and good selectivity with no interference from other possible components.

Se validó una cromatrografía de gases precisa, acoplada con un detector de ionización de llama (GC-FID) para el análisis simultáneo de hidrocarburos ligeros (C2-C4) en su mezcla gaseosa. Los parámetros de validación se evaluaron con base en la definición de la ISO/ IEC 17025, que incluye selectividad del método, precisión y repetibilidad, exactitud, linealidad, limite de detección (LOD), limite de cuantificación (LOQ) y robustez. Bajo las condiciones analiticas óptimas, el análisis de la mezcla gaseosa mostró que cada analito de interés fue separado adecuadamente con alta selectividad. Se encontró también que el método fue preciso y exacto; la linealidad fue alta y con buen coeficiente de correlación lineal (R² ≥ 0.999) para todos los analitos. Se puede concluir que el método GC-FID es confiable y apropiado para la determinación de hidrocarburos ligeros C2-C 4 en una mezcla gaseosa. El método validado ha sido exitosamente aplicado a la valoración de hidrocarburos ligeros C2-C4 en muestras de gas natural, mostrando alta repetibilidad con desviación estándar relativa (RDS) menor al 1% y buena selectividad sin interferencias de otros posibles componentes.

Foi avaliada uma cromatografia gasosa precisa, equipada com um detector de ionização de chama (CG-FID) para a análise simultâneo de hidrocarbonetos ligeiros (C2-C4) em uma mistura gasosa. Os parâmetros de validação foram avaliados baseados na definição da ISO/IEC 17025, que inclui seletividade do método, precisão e repetibilidade, exatidão, linearidade, limite de detecção (LOD), limite de quantificação (LOQ) e robustez. Baixo as condições analiticas ótimas, a análise da mistura gasosa mostrou que cada analito foi separado adequadamente com alta seletividade. Também foi encontrado que o método foi preciso e exato; a linearidade foi alta e com bom coeficiente de correlação linear (R² ≥0.999) para todos os analitos. Pode-se concluir que o método GC-FID é confiável e apropriado para a determinação de hidrocarbonetos ligeiros C2-C4 em uma mistura gasosa. O método avaliado têm sido exitosamente aplicado à valoração de hidrocarbonetos ligeiros C2-C4 em amostras de gás natural mostrando alta repetibilidade com desvio-padrão relativo menor funcionais. ao 1% e boa seletividade sem interferências de outros possiveis componentes.

Evaluation of a fungal collection as certified reference material producer and as a biological resource center

Abstract Considering the absence of standards for culture collections and more specifically for biological resource centers in the world, in addition to the absence of certified biological material in Brazil, this study aimed to evaluate a Fungal Collection from Fiocruz, as a producer of certified reference material and as Biological Resource Center (BRC). For this evaluation, a checklist based on the requirements of ABNT ISO GUIA34:2012 correlated with the ABNT NBR ISO/IEC17025:2005, was designed and applied. Complementing the implementation of the checklist, an internal audit was performed. An evaluation of this Collection as a BRC was also conducted following the requirements of the NIT-DICLA-061, the Brazilian internal standard from Inmetro, based on ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025:2005, ABNT ISO GUIA 34:2012 and OECD Best Practice Guidelines for BRCs. This was the first time that the NIT DICLA-061 was applied in a culture collection during an internal audit. The assessments enabled the proposal for the adequacy of this Collection to assure the implementation of the management system for their future accreditation by Inmetro as a certified reference material producer as well as its future accreditation as a Biological Resource Center according to the NIT-DICLA-061.

Uncertainty measurement in the homogenization and sample reduction in the physical classification of rice and beans / Incerteza de medição na homogeneização e redução de amostra na classificação física de arroz e feijão

ABSTRACT: The study aimed to i) quantify the measurement uncertainty in the physical tests of rice and beans for a hypothetical defect, ii) verify whether homogenization and sample reduction in the physical classification tests of rice and beans is effective to reduce the measurement uncertainty of the process and iii) determine whether the increase in size of beans sample increases accuracy and reduces measurement uncertainty in a significant way. Hypothetical defects in rice and beans with different damage levels were simulated according to the testing methodology determined by the Normative Ruling of each product. The homogenization and sample reduction in the physical classification of rice and beans are not effective, transferring to the final test result a high measurement uncertainty. The sample size indicated by the Normative Ruling did not allow an appropriate homogenization and should be increased.

RESUMO: O trabalho teve como objetivo i) quantificar a incerteza de medição nos ensaios físicos de arroz e feijão para um defeito hipotético; ii) verificar se a homogeneização e redução da amostra nos ensaios de classificação física de arroz e feijão são eficazes para reduzir a incerteza do processo; iii) analisar se o aumento do tamanho da amostra de grãos de feijão aumenta a precisão e reduz a incerteza de medição de forma considerável. Defeitos hipotéticos em arroz e feijão com diferentes níveis de danos foram simulados de acordo com a metodologia de ensaio da Instrução Normativa de cada produto. A homogeneização e redução da amostra na classificação física de arroz e feijão não são eficazes, transferindo para o resultado final do ensaio uma elevada incerteza de medição. O tamanho da amostra indicado pela instrução normativa não permite uma adequada homogeneização e deveria ser aumentado.

Lecciones aprendidas en la comunicación en salud y de riesgo en el manejo del virus del Chikungunya y otras enfermedades transmitidas por el mismo vector / Lessons learned in health communication and risk management of Chikungunya virus and other vector-born diseases

Objetivo: Identificar las lecciones aprendidas sobre la prevención y el control de enfermedades producidas por el mismo vector desde la comunicación en salud y comunicación de riesgo, de modo que puedan ser de utilidad para otros procesos de intervención en este campo en las regiones afectadas. Método: A partir de una revisión amplia de la literatura de los últimos 10 años se analizaron 52 documentos, entre artículos de investigación, capítulos de libro, guías gubernamentales y cartas al editor encontrados en las diferentes bases de datos especializadas. Resultados: Se encontró que aún son limitadas las investigaciones que evalúan el impacto de estas estrategias de prevención y control, en especial en el caso del Chikungunya. Asimismo, aunque se ha demostrado a nivel global que uno de los modelos recomendados para el caso del dengue, producido por el mismo vector, es COMBI -Communication for Behavioural Impact-, las intervenciones para este último caso, en gran medida, aún se fundan en el modelo de IEC Información, Educación y Comunicación. Conclusión: Las lecciones aprendidas brindan luces para una mejor planeación de la comunicación, con anticipación a futuras epidemias, en la que los voceros oficiales y la relación con los medios de comunicación también hacen parte del éxito de estas experiencias.

Objective: To identify the lessons learned from health communication and risk communication on the prevention and control of diseases caused by the same vector, to be help other regions intervention processes to intervene in this field. Method: From a broad literature review of the past 10 years, 52 documents were analyzed between research articles, book chapters, government guidelines and letters to the editor found in different specialized databases. Results: It was found that research on the evaluation and impact of these strategies is still limited, especially in the case of Chikungunya. Although it has been shown that the global recommended model for the case of dengue, produced by the same vector as Chikungunya, is COMBI -Communication for Behavioural Impact-, interventions still focuses on the IEC -Information, Education, and communication- model. Conclusión: This lessons learned provide lights for a better planning of communication in future epidemics, where it is clear that the official spokesmen and the relationship with the media are also an important part of the success of these experiences.

Content Determination of Acetic Acid in Octreotide Acetate for Injection by IEC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of acetic acid in Octreotide acetate for injection by IEC,and provide reference for the improvement of pharmacopoeia standards. METHODS:The column was Rezex ROA-Organic Acid H+ with mobile phase of 0.002 5 mol/L sulfuric acid at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 210 nm,column temperature was 45℃,and in-jection volume was 100 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of acetic acid was 0.394 4 μg/ml-78.89 μg/ml(r=0.999 9);RSDs of preci-sion,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2%;the limit of quantification was 197.2 ng/ml,and limit of detection was 78.89 ng/ml;recovery was 104.71%-109.78%(RSD=1.34%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is environmental and simple with good accuracy and precision,and suitable for the content determination of acetic acid in Octreotide acetate for injection.