ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Heart attack and stroke are two diseases causing four out of five patients with cardiovascular disease to experience early death at the age of below 70 years old. Coronary heart disease is caused by two factors, namely modifiable factors and non-modifiable factors. This study aimed to determine factors related to coronary heart disease in the productive age groups in Indonesia. Methods: This study used data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5. The total sample in this study was 24,199 with productive age (15-59 years old). The data were analyzed using multiple logistic regressions to analyze the risk factors for coronary heart disease. Results: This study found that coronary heart disease prevalence was 1.30%. Most of the respondents in this study were females (52.30%), had a normal body mass index (40.75%), had moderate physical activities (39.33%), had no smoking habit (64.59%), and consumed no fast-food (88.34%). The result showed that older age (AOR =1.06 95%CI=1.05-1.07), female (AOR =1.93, 95%CI=1.32-2.83), vigorous physical activity (AOR = 0.72, 95%CI=0.53-0.96), and fast-food consumption (AOR =1.68, 95%CI=1.22-2.31) had higher odds to experience coronary heart disease. Conclusion: Older age, female, vigorous physical activities, fast-food consumption were the risk factors of coronary heart disease at a productive age in Indonesia.
ABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Indonesia has a serious burden of cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease (CHD). The prevalence of CHD has not in fact increased; however, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of CHD risk factors. Several of these occurring together could cause metabolic syndrome, whose prevalence is relatively high in Indonesia, and consequently increase the risk of CHD. This study aims to obtain the risk of CHD in patients with metabolic syndrome in Indonesia. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study with a median followed up of 6.8 years, secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) waves 4 and 5 (2007-2014), and a study population of 6,571 respondents aged 40-69 years. The Joint Interim Statement criteria were used to define metabolic syndrome, with the omission of one component. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 20%; the highest component was low HDL at 69.1%, followed by hypertension at 59.7%, and central obesity at 39.7%. The incidence of CHD was 2.72%, with an incidence rate 34per 100,000 person-years. Multivariate analysis found that the relative risk (RR) hazard ratio (HR) was 2.16 (95% CI 1.564-2.985). Conclusion: Subjects with metabolic syndrome had a two times higher risk of developing CHD, as adjusted by sex, age, smoking status, and physical activity.
ABSTRACT
@#ntroduction: Stunting in childhood affects cognitive development and may increase the risk of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Indonesia is the fifth largest contributor of stunting in the world, with a prevalence of 32.9% in children aged 0-2 years in 2013. This study aimed to determine the stunting trend and associated factors between 2000 and 2014. Methods: This study used data from Indonesia Family Life Surveys (IFLS) that have been conducted periodically since 1993. This study focused on households with children aged 0-23 months. Trend analysis used the IFLS data collected in 2000, 2007 and 2014, while bivariate analysis for determination of the different factors associated with stunting used IFLS data in 2000 and 2014. Results: Based on data from 1,263 children in 2000, 1,805 children in 2007, and 1,609 children in 2014, stunting prevalence slightly increased from 29.7% in 2000 to 32.6% in 2014. Significant associations between stunting and children's age, birth weight, mother's education, antenatal care, health sanitation and immunisation status were recorded in 2000. In 2014, stunting was significantly associated with children's age, birth weight, prelacteal food intake, ownership of Mother and Child Health Book and health sanitation status. Conclusion: Stunting in children below 2 years in Indonesia remains high, exceeding 30%. This study identified several contributing factors to stunting. Interventions to address these factors should be undertaken toward reducing stunting among young children in Indonesia.