A rare case report of tracheobronchial aspergillosis with endobronchial aspergilloma in a patient clinically recovered from COVID-19

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to an increased incidence of fungal infections. However, pulmonary infections are rare. COVID-associated pulmonary aspergillosis has been reported; however, there is no prior report of tracheobronchial aspergillosis with endobronchial aspergilloma as per the authors' literature search. We report such a case of a 65-year-old male with radiology and biopsy-proven endobronchial aspergilloma upon a background of tracheobronchial and pulmonary aspergillosis after having recovered clinically from severe COVID-19 disease.

Metabolomics study on anti-PTSD effect of novel ligand TSPO compound YL-IPA08 on plasma metabolic spectrum of PTSD model rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of YL- IPA08 on the endogenous metabolites of PTSD model rats by metabolomics methods, and to explore the metabolic pathways and possible mechanisms of YL-IPA08 against PTSD. Methods The rats were randomly divided into control group, PTSD model group, and administration group of PTSD rats induced by forced swimming test, and the treatment group was given YL- IPA08 (2 mg • kg"1) by intragastric gavage for 15 consecutive days. High-performance liquid chromatog- raphy-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) technology was used to detect the endogenous differential metabolites and the associated metabolic pathways in rat plasma samples. Targeted quantitative technology was simultaneously applied to detect the concentrations of 18 bile acids in rat plasma. Results Compared with control group, 40 kinds of endogenous metabolites including glutamic acid, proline, valine, arginine, leucine , cholic acid, and creatine showed significant difference, and the concentrations of 11 bile acids significantly increased in plasma of model group as well. Compared with model group, after YL-IPA08 intervention , the above-mentioned potential metabolites ap-peared to return to normal levels. Conclusions Metabolomics analysis reveals that YL-IPA08 has intervention effect on PTSD model rats. The mechanism may be related to the regulation of amino acid metabolism and bile acid metabolism.

Molecular mechanism analysis of Erzhi Wan in treatment of aging based on network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

This present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of Erzhi Wan(a prescription of nourishing Yin and toni-fying liver and kidney) in treatment of aging by network pharmacology. The active constituents and target proteins of Erzhi Wan were searched from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database(TCMSP) and PubChem databases respectively. Aging-related genes were searched from Gene and HAGR databases. Based on the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA), we analyzed the common molecular network, biological pathway and interaction sites between these two parts, and verified some of them by Western blot. Twelve active constituents of Erzhi Wan were screened by TCMSP databases, 69 protein targets were predicted through PubChem, and 148 aging-related genes were found in Gene and HAGR databases. IPA comparison showed that the molecular networks of these two were complex, with diversity of biological functions. The common pathways involved 292 pathways, mainly related to tumors. They acted on hypoxia inducible factor-1α gene(HIF1α), nuclear factor-E2 related factor(Nrf2/NFE2 L2), tumor necrosis factor(TNF) and other sites. Western blot results suggested that Erzhi Wan could down-regulate the expression of HIF1α, with statistical difference(P<0.05). It was concluded that, Erzhi Wan could intervene aging through improving pseudo-hypoxic microenvironment and inflammation. The molecular mechanism of Erzhi Wan in delaying aging was preliminarily revealed, which laid a foundation for further stu-dying the anti-aging mechanism of Erzhi Wan, and also provided a reference for the compatibility mechanism and extended application of Chinese medicine compounds.

Effect of Translocator Protein Ligand YL-IPA08 on Anxiety-Depressive-Like Behavior in Postpartum Depression Rats / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Mr1.8×104 translocator protein (TSPO) selective ligand compound YL-IPA08 on postpartum anxiety-depressive behavior. METHODS: The model of postpartum depression in rats was established by classical hormone simulating postpregnancy (HSP) hormone withdrawal induced, and the effect of YL-IPA08 on spontaneous activity in rats was evaluated by the open field test(OFT), and the effect of YL-IPA08 on anxiety and depressive-like behavior in rats was evaluated by the elevated plus maze test (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST). The changes of TSPO expression in hippocampuls and prefrontal cortex of rats were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the hormones of pregnancy hormones withdraw stimulating and drug treatment do not affect the spontaneous activity of rats (P>0.05), but the model group rats showed significant anxiety and depressive symptoms, which is characterized by elevated plus maze test (P<0.05, P<0.01),and forced swimming test (P<0.05).After the establishment of the model, three weeks of intragastric administration were started, YL-IPA08 (0.1 and 0.3 mg•kg-1, po) or positive control drug sertraline (10 mg•kg-1, po) can significantly reverse the above series of changes of postpartum anxiety and depressive behavior (P<0.05 or 0.01), and significantly increase the TSPO level in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the model rats. CONCLUSION: YL-IPA08 shows anti-postpartum anxiety-depressive behavior in a series of rat behavior models, and the mechanism may be closely related to its enhancing central TSPO expression and promoting biosynthesis of following neurosteroids.

Biological characteristics and gene expression profile analysis of two kinds of mouse fetal liver stromal cells / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To explore the differences in morphology, molecular characteristics and biological functions of different types of mouse fetal liver stromal cells. Methods • E13.5 mouse fetal liver stromal cells were obtained by adherent culture, and different cell types were distinguished by morphology and expression of surface markers, such as CD44, CD29, CD106, CD45 and Sca-1. Then microarray assay was conducted by Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array and analyzed at P3 or <-2 to identify differential expression genes. Canonical pathway and biological function analyses were performed by using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA software). Results • Spindle-like (CD45+CD106-CD29+CD44+Sca-1-) and fibroblast-like (CD45-CD106+CD29+CD44+Sca-1-) fetal liver stromal cells were isolated in this study according to the cell morphology. The 1 485 highly-expressed genes in spindle-like cells mainly involved in immune and inflammation-related signaling pathways; while the 3 374 highly-expressed genes in fibroblast-like cells mainly involved in extracellular matrix formation and cellular adhesion. Conclusion • Mouse fetal liver stromal cells have strong heterogeneity in biological characteristics and functions, especially in hematopoietic promoting capability.

O Congresso da IPA: psicanálise, tecnologia e intimidade / IPA Congress: psychoanalysis, technology, and intimacy / El congreso de la IPA: psicoanálisis, tecnología y intimidad / Le Congrès de l'IPA: psychanalyse, technologie et intimité

Após situar o leitor na complexa estrutura com a qual se deparou pela primeira vez no 50º Congresso da International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA), em Buenos Aires, entre os dias 25 e 29 de julho de 2017, a autora destaca, dentro do tema geral "Intimidade", o debate sobre psicanálise, tecnologia e intimidade, muito enfatizado a propósito do uso crescente das novas tecnologias não presenciais na psicanálise. Tal uso é visto em análises individuais, especialmente no caso de alguns candidatos, que realizam a formação psicanalítica à distância, como ocorre na Ásia, uma provável futura quarta região da IPA, que atualmente está incluída na América do Norte e Europa.

First, the author places the reader within the complex structure they faced for the first time in the 50th Congress of the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA). This IPA Congress was held in Buenos Aires between the 25th and the 29th of July, 2017. Then, the author highlights, within the general theme of the Congress (i.e., "Intimacy"), the debate about Psychoanalysis, Technology, and Intimacy. It is a growing debate due to the increasing use of new technologies in remote psychoanalysis. These technologies are applied in individual psychoanalysis, especially for some candidates who experience remote analysis in training. It represents the current reality of psychoanalytic training in some countries of Asia, which may be a future region of IPA. Nowadays, IPA has a well-established presence in North America and Europe.

Después de situar al lector en la compleja estructura con la que se deparó, por primera vez, en el 50 Congreso internacional de la IPA en Buenos Aires (25-29 Julio de 2017), la autora destaca dentro del tema general del Congreso, el debate sobre 'psicoanálisis, tecnología e intimidad' al que se le dio especial énfasis, teniendo en cuenta el uso creciente de las nuevas tecnologías no presenciales. Se observa el uso estas tecnologías en análisis individuales, sobretodo por candidatos que hacen su formación analítica a distancia, como ocurre en Ásia. Ásia se perfila como una probable futura cuarta región de la IPA que, actualmente, está incluída en la región de América del Norte y Europa.

Après avoir situé les lecteurs dans la structure complexe, découverte par l'auteur au moment du 50ème Congrès de l'International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) qui a eu lieu à Buenos Aires du 25 au 29 juillet 2017, elle souligne, dans le thème général "l'Intimité", le débat concernant la psychanalyse, la technologie et l'intimité, mis en évidence dans ce qui concerne l'usage de nouvelles technologies non présentielles en psychanalyse. Ces techniques sont également utilisées lors des séances individuelles de psychanalyse, notamment dans le cas de certains candidats qui suivent leur formation à distance, comme l'on voit en Asie, celle qui sera probablement une future quatrième région de l'ipa, mais qui appartient actuellement à la région Amérique du Nort et Europe.

Think tank sobre o futuro da psicanálise e da IPA: ideias em busca de uma prática / Think tank about IPA's future: ideas in search for a practice / Think tank sobre el futuro de la IPA: ideas en busca de una práctica / Think tank sur l'avenir de l'IPA: des idées à la recherche d'une pratique

Em julho de 2017, a Associação Psicanalítica Internacional criou um grupo de trabalho para incentivar as novas gerações de psicanalistas a participar da entidade. Como chair desse grupo, o autor expõe suas considerações preliminares sobre o projeto, enfatizando a seguinte ideia: a geração atualmente no poder deve aceitar abrir mão de parte dos hábitos, das tradições, das cristalizações culturais que carrega consigo; deve se permitir ser fertilizada pelos mais novos - pelos nativos dos tempos, como ele os chama. As possibilidades de êxito do encontro de gerações estão necessariamente vinculadas a essa abertura para o novo.

In July, 2017, the International Psychoanalytical Association created a work group in order to encourage the participation of the new generations of psychoanalysts in the entity. As the chair of this group, the author reveals his preliminary considerations about this project. He emphasizes the idea that the current generation in power should agree to give up of part of its habits, traditions, and cultural crystallizations it has carried inside itself; it should allow itself to be enriched by the newer generation - by the natives of times, as the author calls them. In this case, the possibilities of a successful meeting between generations completely depend on being open to the new.

En julio de 2017, la Asociación Psicoanalítica Internacional creó un grupo de trabajo para incentivar a las nuevas generaciones de psicoanalistas a participar de la entidad. Como chair de ese grupo, el autor expone sus consideraciones preliminares sobre el proyecto, enfatizando la siguiente idea: la generación que está actualmente en el poder debe aceptar cambiar parte de los hábitos, tradiciones, cristalizaciones culturales que trae consigo; debe permitirse ser fertilizada por los más nuevos - por los nativos de los tiempos, como él los llama. Las posibilidades de éxito del encuentro de generaciones están vinculadas necesariamente a esa apertura a lo nuevo.

En juillet 2017, l'Association Psychanalytique Internationale a créé un groupe de travail pour stimuler les nouvelles générations de psychanalystes à participer de l'institution. En tant que président de ce groupe, l'auteur expose ses considérations préliminaires à propos de ce projet, soulignant l'idée suivante: la génération qui est actuellement au pouvoir doit accepter d'abandonner une partie des habitudes, des traditions, des cristallisations culturelles qu'elle porte en soi; elle doit se permettre d'être fertilisée par les plus jeunes - par les natifs des temps, comme l'auteur les appelle. Les possibilités de réussite de la rencontre de générations sont nécessairement liées à cette ouverture vers le nouveau.

A minha experiência na IPA / Mi experiencia en la IPA / My experience at IPA / Mon expérience à IPA

A autora faz uma breve reflexão sobre sua experiência ao longo de dez anos nas instituições psicanalíticas internacionais, fepal e IPA. Acredita que a experiência de trabalhar em um comitê internacional constitui uma oportunidade para identificar e rever criticamente os pressupostos que organizam os próprios alicerces institucionais. Considera parte da tarefa dos membros pensar as instituições e penetrar as suas cesuras internas em suas diversas facetas. Similaridades, diferenças, confrontos e sofrimentos são elementos indispensáveis para a construção do conhecimento e expansão psíquica do indivíduo, do grupo, da instituição e da sociedade. O debate aberto torna as relações institucionais mais transparentes e, portanto, mais confiáveis e sólidas em nossos propósitos de tornar a própria Instituição objeto de pensamento.

The author writes a brief reflection on her ten-year experience of working at international institutions of psychoanalysis fepal and IPA. Having a work experience at an International Committee, she believes, is a great opportunity to identify and critically re-evaluate the conditions on which our own institutional foundations are established. According to this author's opinion, thinking of their institutions and attempting to reach inside their internal breaches, in their several aspects, constitute an important part of the members' duties. Similarities, differences, conflicts, and pain are vital elements to build knowledge and to the psychic expansion of the individual, group, institution, and society. An open debate enables international relations to be more transparent and, therefore, more trustful and solid. It allows us to fulfil our purposes of making our institution turn into an object of thinking.

La autora hace una breve reflexión sobre su experiencia a lo largo de diez años en instituciones psicoanalíticas internacionales, fepal e IPA. Piensa que la experiencia de trabajar en un comité internacional constituye una grande oportunidad para identificar y rever críticamente los presupuestos que organizan nuestros propios cimientos institucionales. Considera que es parte de la tarea de los miembros pensar en sus instituciones y tratar de penetrar sus cesuras internas en sus diversas facetas. Semejanzas, diferencias, confrontaciones y sufrimientos son elementos indispensables para la construcción del conocimiento y expansión psíquica del individuo, del grupo, de la institución y de la sociedad. El debate abierto torna las relaciones institucionales más transparentes y, por lo tanto, más confiables y sólidas en nuestros propósitos de tornar la propia institución objeto de pensamiento.

L'auteur fait une brève réflexion concernant son expérience au cours de dix ans chez des institutions psychanalytiques internationales, fepal et IPA. Elle croit que l'expérience de travailler dans un comité international constitue une grande chance d'identifier et rêver de façon critique les présupposés qui organisent nos propres fondations institutionnelles. Elle considère qu'une part de la tâche des membres est de penser leurs institutions et d'essayer de pénétrer dans les diverses facettes de ses coupures internes. Les similitudes, les différences, les confrontations et les souffrances sont des éléments indispensables à la construction des connaissances et à l'expansion psychiques de l'individu, du groupe, de l'institution et de la société. Le débat ouvert rend les rapports institutionnels plus transparents, donc plus fiables et solides dans nos desseins de rendre l'institution elle-même un objet de la pensée.

Optimization Research of the Satisfaction of Health Wechat Users of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on IPA Evaluation / 医学信息学杂志

Taking the Wechat public service platform of Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Yunnan- Yunnan Zhongyi as an example,the paper uses the Importance-performance Analysis (IPA) and corresponding analysis method,from the users' satisfaction perspective,evaluates 28 satisfaction indicators,discusses the relationship between the importance recognition of health Wechat of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and user characteristic,so as to propose the development of individual TCM health information recommendation and strengthen the effective interaction of platform users.

Protective effect of selective 18 ku translocator protein ligand YL-IPA08 on BV-2 apoptosis induced by corticosterone / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of selective 18 ku translocator protein (TSPO) ligand YL-IPA08 on corticosterone(CORT)-induced apoptosis of BV-2 cells and its potential mecha?nisms. METHODS BV-2 Cells were pretreated with selective TSPO ligand YL-IPA08 1-100 nmol · L-1 and(or) TSPO antagonist PK11195 100 nmol · L-1 for 2 h,and then co-incubated with CORT for another 24 h. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. CCK-8 kit was used to test BV-2 cell viability. The protein expression of TSPO was determined by Western blotting. The level of allopreg?nanolone was detected by ELISA kit. RESULTS In line with positive drug-AC-5216, the cell apoptosis rate decreased in YL-IPA08 1-100 nmol · L-1 and CORT co-treatment groups(P<0.01), which was antago?nized by PK11195 100 nmol · L-1 treatment(P<0.05). Cell viability increased in YL-IPA08 100 nmol · L-1and CORT co-treatment groups (P<0.01), which was blocked by PK11195 100 nmol·L-1 treatment(P<0.01). The expression of TSPO and the level of allopregnanolone(P<0.01) were enhanced by YL-IPA08 100 nmol · L-1 pretreatment followed by CORT treatment. The enhancement of allopregnanolone level was blocked by PK11195 100 nmol·L-1 treatment(P<0.05). CONCLUSION YL-IPA08 can protect BV-2 cells from CORT induced apoptosis. The protective effect of YL-IPA08 may be conferred by the increasing level of TSPO expression and allopregnanolone.

Importance and performance of food and nutrition labeling for school adolescents in Seoul / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study investigated the importance and performance of food/nutrition labeling. The aim was to determine how important students consider food nutritional labeling, utilization of nutrition labels in daily life, and consumer satisfaction of current nutritional labeling. METHODS: This study was conducted using a primary survey of students at one high school in Seoul. A total of 300 of 382 questionnaires were analyzed. RESULTS: Regarding difference analysis of the importanceperformance of food/nutrition labeling, importance showed higher scores than performance in all 10 attributes. According to the results of Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA), ‘health, weight control and maintenance, proper dietary habits, and personal satisfaction’ displayed both high importance and performance in the first quadrant. Importance of two factors (health and nutritional factor and effects of media and education) of the 10 attributes positively influenced overall satisfaction in the multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION: To develop healthier food choices, it is necessary to educate adolescents about food/nutrition labeling and improve the food/nutrition labeling system.

Translocator protein mediated anti-PTSD effects of YL-IPA08 / 军事医学

Objective To explore the role of 18 ku translocator protein (TSPO) in the anti-post-traumatic-stress-disorder(PTSD) effects of YL-IPA08 and the value of TSPO as a potential pharmacological target using gene knock out mice.Methods The PCR method was used to genotype TSPO wild type (WT) mice and knock out (KO) mice.Foot shock was used to establish a well-accepted mouse model of PTSD,the open field test (OFT) was used to evaluate the locomotor activity in mice,and freezing measurement was used to evaluate the PTSD-like fear behavior in mice.Results Compared with TSPO WT mice,KO mice had no expressible TSPO gene,but showed similar locomotor activity to WT mice after PTSD modeling.On day 1,day 5 and day 16 after PTSD modeling (day-1-day 0),both WT and KO mice showed significant PTSD-like behavior with enhanced freezing time.However,8 d treatment (day 0-day 7) of YL-IPA08 (0.3 mg/kg,once daily) or positive drug sertraline (15 mg/kg,once daily) after PTSD modeling significantly reduced freezing time selectively in WT mice,but not in KO mice.Conclusion It has been found for the first time that TSPO WT and KO mice can show the same sensitivity to PTSD modeling (namely the same PTSD-like behavior performance).Interestingly,TSPO can mediate the anti-PTSD effects of YL-IPA08.Therefore,the present study provides direct evidence for the value of TSPO as an potential pharmacological target for PTSD.

Anti-post-traumatic-stress-disorder effects of YL-IPA08, a selective 18kDa translocator protein ligand / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To explore the anti-post-traumatic-stress-disorder(anti-PTSD)effects of YL-IPA08,a selective 18kDa translocator protein(TSPO)ligand.Methods The time-dependent stress sensitization(TDS)method was used to establish a rat mod?el of PTSD.The open field test(OFT)was used to evaluate the locomotor activity in rats.The contextual freezing(CF)measurement, elevated plus maze(EPM)test and novel objective recognition(NOR)test were used to evaluate the PTSD-like behaviors in rats.The concentration of allopregnanolone in rat hippocampus was detected by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group,neither TDS nor drug treatment affected the locomotor activity in rats(P>0.05).However,PTSD rats showed significant PTSD-like behaviors with enhanced CF time in CF mearsurement,decreased open arm time and open arm entries in EPM test,and dropped object recogni?tion index in NOR test(P<0.05 or 0.01).Moreover,the concentration of hippocampus allopregnanolone was decreased in PTSD rats (P<0.05).YL-IPA08(0.05-0.1mg/kg)or positive drug sertraline(15 mg/kg),administered intragastrically after establishment of PTSD model,significantly reversed the above PTSD-like behavioral changes(P<0.05 or 0.01)and increased the concentration of hip?pocampus allopregnanolone in PTSD rats.Conclusion YL-IPA08 could improve the PTSD-like behavior in rats,and the mechanism may be related to the increased allopregnanolone level in hippocampus.

Significance of sputum cultures in diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in acute leukemia A meta analysis

The diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis (IPA) and therapy with Amphotericin B appear to improve survival, but the early diagnosis is difficult. There are no pathognomonic clinical findings for IPA. The commonest presentation is compatible with any of bacterial, fungal, viral or protozoan infections. In addition, IPA may coexist with or arise during the therapy of other infections in immune compromised patients. It was thought that ante mortem isolation of Aspergillus species from respiratory secretions in pathologically confirmed cases occur infrequently. Demonstration of tissue invasion by fungal hyphae remained the accepted standard for diagnosis of IPA. Sputum culture is regarded as not useful for the diagnosis of IPA. Colonization of aspergillus may occur without invasion, hence, culture of respiratory secretions were not reliable. Aggressive diagnostic methods to establish the diagnosis of IPA are warranted. However there may exist important subsets of patients where sputum culture of Aspergillus may still be diagnostically useful. The underlying disease, i.e. immune suppression, neutropenia/ leukemia is a critical factor in selecting patients where sputum cultures may be useful. The degree of immune suppression increases, the diagnostic specificity of isolation of aspergillus from sputum. In this article, a meta analysis of 21 studies, spanning 27 years, the methods adopted for diagnosing IPA by various authors is analysed and discussed. The detailed pathogenesis of IPA is also discussed.

Bidirectional regulation of angiogenesis by phytoestrogens through estrogen receptor-mediated signaling networks / 中国天然药物

Sex hormone estrogen is one of the most active intrinsic angiogenesis regulators; its therapeutic use has been limited due to its carcinogenic potential. Plant-derived phytoestrogens are attractive alternatives, but reports on their angiogenic activities often lack in-depth analysis and sometimes are controversial. Herein, we report a data-mining study with the existing literature, using IPA system to classify and characterize phytoestrogens based on their angiogenic properties and pharmacological consequences. We found that pro-angiogenic phytoestrogens functioned predominantly as cardiovascular protectors whereas anti-angiogenic phytoestrogens played a role in cancer prevention and therapy. This bidirectional regulation were shown to be target-selective and, for the most part, estrogen-receptor-dependent. The transactivation properties of ERα and ERβ by phytoestrogens were examined in the context of angiogenesis-related gene transcription. ERα and ERβ were shown to signal in opposite ways when complexed with the phytoestrogen for bidirectional regulation of angiogenesis. With ERα, phytoestrogen activated or inhibited transcription of some angiogenesis-related genes, resulting in the promotion of angiogenesis, whereas, with ERβ, phytoestrogen regulated transcription of angiogenesis-related genes, resulting in inhibition of angiogenesis. Therefore, the selectivity of phytoestrogen to ERα and ERβ may be critical in the balance of pro- or anti-angiogenesis process.

Strategic direction of developing service guidelines for dental patients with disability / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at assessing the quality of dental services, as perceived by the disabled, and analyzing the factors identified to be of both high importance and low performance, as identified by IPA. METHODS: The data were collected from June 8 to November 2, 2016, after approval by the institutional review board. Questionnaires were distributed to 1466 disabled dental service consumers, of which 349 cases were included. The data were analyzed by frequency analysis, multi-regression analysis for implicit importance, and IPA matrix for marketing strategy. RESULTS: The performance results revealed that cost level, reduction of the fee, and waiting time for treatments were the sources of greatest dissatisfaction. The IPA matrix results categorized the next appointment, explanation of the fee, waiting time for treatment, professionalism of the staff, and convenient facilities as high-importance, low-performance factors. Meanwhile, the results of the IPA matrix for consumer segmentation, according to recently used dental institutions were different. The dental clinic users evaluated professionalism of the staff, convenience of the facility, explanation of the fee, and cost level as high-importance, low-performance attributes. The dental hospital users indicated that waiting time for treatment and next appointment were high-importance, low-performance attributes. Finally, the public health center users indicated that convenience of booking, waiting time for treatment, convenience of facilities, reduction of the fee, and next appointment as high-importance, low-performance attributes. CONCLUSIONS: To improve the quality of dental service, we need to understand the needs of the dental patients with disability. All attributes that were categorized as high-importance, low-performance must be improved first and should accordingly be used as strategic factors to increase satisfaction with oral medical institutions.

Murine models of Aspergillosis: Role of collectins in host defense.

Aspergillus fumigatus, a ubiquitous fungus, causes a wide spectrum of clinical conditions ranging from allergic to invasive aspergillosis depending upon the hosts’ immune status. Several animal models have been generated to mimic the human clinical conditions in allergic and invasive aspergillosis. The onset, duration and severity of the disease developed in models varied depending on the animal strain/fungal isolate, quantity and mode of administration of fungal antigens/spores, duration of the treatment, and type of immunosuppressive agent used. These models provide insight into host and pathogen factors and prove to be useful for evaluation of diagnostic markers and effective therapies. A series of studies established the protective role of collectins in murine models of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis and Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis. Collectins, namely surfactant protein A (SP-A), surfactant protein D (SP-D) and mannan binding lectin (MBL), are pattern recognition molecules regulating both innate and adaptive immune response against pathogens. In the present review, we discussed various murine models of allergic and invasive aspergillosis and the role of collectins in host defense against aspergillosis.

Cadaveric Study of Varoations in Branching Pattern of Splenic Artery.

Introduction: Splenic artery was previously called as Lineal artery. Splenic artery is the largest branch of the celiac trunk and is the most tortuous artery in the body. Splenic artery mainly supplies spleen and gives off branches to the stomach and the pancreas. Splenic artery divides into terminal branches before entering into the hilum of the spleen which may be Magistral or Distributed type. Sometimes it may pass through the hilum without dividing and supplies the spleen. Materials and methods: The study was done on 50 embalmed cadavers during routine dissection practices for undergraduates in the dissection hall of Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, and from the Department of Anatomy Osmania medical college, Hyderabad, during the period of 3years.The variations in the branching pattern of the splenic artery was observed and photographed. The prime objective of the study is to compare the prevalence of variations in the branching pattern of splenic artery. Results and conclusion: The variations in the present study were almost correlated with the available literature. In some instances the left gastro epiploic artery, the posterior gastric artery and the accessory left gastric artery took origin from the interior of spleen. so care should be taken during splenectomy. Hence, the arterial blood supply of spleen is so varied that no two vascular patterns are ever the same.

The Persian Version of a Participation Scale: Is It Valid and Reliable Enough for Use among Iranian Patients with Multiple Sclerosis?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the face and criterion validity, stability reliability, and internal consistency of the Persian version of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA-p) scale among Iranian people with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Trained experts interviewed 364 MS patients and their relatives to assess the criterion validity, stability reliability, and internal consistency of the IPA-p scale. Ten specialists from different disciplines were also recruited to assess its face validity. A consent form was completed by the patients and their relatives. Internal consistency reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and stability reliability was assessed using interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The test-retest method was used to detect the reliability of the questioner. The study subjects completed the IPA-p scale on two occasions separated by an interval of 30-45 days. Study checklists were also used to assess the face validity, stability reliability, and internal consistency of the IPA-p scale. RESULTS: About 50% of the respondents reported their perceived overall participation to be "good" or "very good" and 60% of the specialists rated the ability of the IPA-p scale to measure what it was designed for as "excellent." Spearman correlation coefficients were >0.8 for all but one IPA-p domain. Cronbach's alpha between the mean IPA-p scale scores achieved on two separate occasions ranged from 0.858 to 0.913. The highest and lowest internal consistencies belonged to the "social relationships" and "education and learning" domains, respectively. The test-retest ICCs for the nine domains were between 0.789 and 0.919, and all were significant at p<0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The IPA-p questionnaire can be considered a valid and reliable instrument for assessing self-reported participation among Iranian MS patients.

Bioinformatics Analysis on Molecular Network and Bio-function ofBu-Fei-Yi- Shen Decoction / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This article was aimed to study the molecular network and bio-function ofBu-Fei-Yi-Shen (BFYS) decoction for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by bioinformatics analysis, in order to provide new ideas for research on pharmacological mechanism of Chinese medicine compound prescription. Components of herbs in BFYS decoction were searched in the databases. Targeted proteins of each component were found from PubChem. Comparison analyses were performed on molecular network, bio-function and canonical pathways by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The results showed that there were 239 target proteins of BFYS decoction. There were 9 molecular networks of BFYS decoction. The top 3 networks' functions were Cellular Development, Energy Production, and Cancer. The top 3 bio-function of BFYS decoction were Cellular Growth and Proliferation, Cell Death and Survival, and Inflammatory Response. The top 3 canonical pathways of BFYS decoction were Cell Cycle:G1/S Checkpoint Regulation, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Signaling, and Cyclins and Cell Cycle Regulation. It was concluded that the search of target proteins for herbal compounds and bioinformatics analysis by IPA can be used to reveal the molecular network and bio-function of BFYS decoction.