ABSTRACT
El propósito del estudio es analizar la estructura interna de la versión española del Inventario de Apego con Padres y Pares (IPPA) de Armsden y Greenberg (1987) en una muestra de 231 adolescentes de 12 a 18 años. Se analizó la consistencia interna y la dimensionalidad de las puntuaciones de la escala. Se obtuvieron coeficientes de consistencia interna satisfactorios para cada una de las escalas (ω > 0.68) de las tres formas del cuestionario, excepto para la escala Alienación de la versión contestada sobre la madre. El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio mostró que el modelo de tres factores es el mejor de los modelos propuestos (RMSEA < 0.062), aunque las tres escalas se encuentran muy correlacionadas entre sí.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the internal structure of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment of Armsden and Greenberg (1987), in a sample of 231 Spanish adolescents, (aged 12 -18). The internal consistency and dimensionality of the scale scores were analyzed. We obtained satisfactory internal consistency coefficients (ω > 0.68) for each of the scales in the three forms of the questionnaire, except for the scale Alienation for the mother version. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed that the three-factor model is the best model proposed (RMSEA < 0.062) although the three scales are highly correlated with each other.
ABSTRACT
Este trabajo es continuación de un estudio piloto para adaptar el Inventario de Apego a Padres y Pares (IPPA, Armsden & Greenberg 1987) en adolescentes argentinos (Vega & Sánchez, 2011). Como se expuso entonces, al utilizar la versión colombiana del IPPA (Pardo, Pineda, Carillo & Castro, 2006) un 30% de la muestra total (n=277) quedó sin clasificar. Lo mismo habían hallado otros autores, incluso los del IPPA. Esto no es compatible con la teoría que lo sustenta ya que no existen sujetos sin apego. Como este instrumento es uno de los más utilizados internacionalmente, resulta necesario formular una categorización teórico-empírica de las combinatorias que dejaban sujetos fuera de varios estudios. Objetivo: Categorizar 12 combinatorias no contempladas de los factores del IPPA. Resultados: Se exponen dichas categorizaciones teórico-empírica de forma piloto y se fundamentan conservando el marco teórico Bowlby (1969); Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters & Wall (1978); así como el procedimiento de reglas lógicas para la clasificación expuestas por Armsden & Greenberg (1987) para el IPPA. Conclusiones y recomendaciones: Se recomienda testear esta clasificación con otros cuestionarios validados en nuestro país.
This paper is the second part of a previous study of the Adaptation of Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) in Argentine adolescents (Vega & Sanchez, 2011). As it was discussed then, Colombian version (Pardo, Pineda, Carillo & Castro, 2006) of the IPPA (Armsden & Greenberg 1987), left nearly 30% of Argentine's adolescents (n=277) outside the classification. Same results had been founded in other studies, including the authors of the IPPA. This it not compatible with the framework of the IPPA, there cannot be subjects without attachment. As the IPPA is one of the most internationally used instruments, it is necessary to formulate a theoretical-empirical categorization of the combinations that left many adolescents outside other studies too. Objective: To present a categorization of 12 combinations of IPPA factors that had not been contemplated. Results: We expose the theoretical categorizations of mathematics combinations of the IPPA that had not been included in the original instrument preserving the theoretical framework of attachment types described by Bowlby (1969) and extended by Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters & Wall (1978); as well as the procedure of logical rules for classification set forth in the instrument of Armsden & Greenberg (1987). Conclusions and Recommendations: We recommend testing this classification to other questionnaires validated in our country.
ABSTRACT
En la Programación Científica anterior¹ se confirmó que la falla en el vínculo primario constituye un factor etiopatológico durante la adolescencia² . El estudio del Apego resulta valioso para comprender cómo inluencia el vínculo primario, en aquel que se mantiene con los pares en la adolescencia. Se halló que la adaptación al castellano (Pardo, Pineda, Carillo & Castro, 2006) del Inventario de Apego a Padres y Pares (IPPA Armsden & Greenberg 1987), dejaba sin clasificar un 30% de los sujetos argentinos. Como se trata del instrumento que más se ha trabajado en distintos países y por distintos autores, el mismo puede servir de base para la posible creación de un nuevo instrumento; por lo cual el objetivo es traducir y adaptar el IPPA en una muestra no clínica argentina. Se presenta un estudio piloto, parte de un trabajo en curso. Se autoadministró el instrumento en Escuelas de Capital Federal, zona Sur y Norte del Gran Buenos Aires. Se obtuvo una muestra de 233 adolescentes argentinos de ambos sexos de 13-18 años. Se hallaron diecinueve combinatorias no contempladas en la adaptación al castellano existente y quince respecto del original.
In previous research project it was conirmed that failures in the primary link are an etiopathological factor during adolescence. The study of Attachment is meaningful to understand how the primary attachment figure influences peers relationships during adolescence. Adaptation into Spanish (Pardo, Pineda, Carillo & Castro, 2006) of the IPPA (Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, Armsden & Greenberg, 1987) left nearly 30% of argentine adolescents outside of the proposed classification. As the IPPA is one of the most used instruments in many countries and by many authors, it can be useful for a further construction of a new instrument. The aim of this project is to translate and adapt the IPPA and administer it to a non-clinical argentine sample. Results of this pilot study are presented. The IPPA was self-administered in different schools of Capital Federal, and South and North of Gran Buenos Aires. The sample consisted of 233 argentine adolescents of ages 13 and 18, both genders. Results show nineteen clusters not included in the Colombian adaptation as well as ifteen in the original version.
ABSTRACT
The macrophages exist in whole body tissues and maintain health condition and/or protect various diseases through appropriate their activations. We hypothesized that these macrophages formed network and this putative macrophages communication was termed a macrophage-network. Then to improve and/or maintain health status as far as possible, we focused on the some dietary-experienced Gram-negative bacteria with long experience of food production. We found a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as macrophage-activating substances from water extract of wheat flour. This named it IP-PA1, immunopotentiator of <i>Pantoea agglomerans</i> which is the symbiotic Gram-negative bacteria of wheat.<br> While LPS is known as the strongest substance to activate macrophages, many people have prejudice against LPS as the toxin especially through intravenous route. Thus, nobody develop LPS as the medical drugs. Recently, the biological significance of LPS has been recognized as the regulator of homeostasis through signal transduction of TLR-4 in the body.<br> To apply the excellent function of LPS or LPS-containing materials for social health care, it is essential to investigate the basic science for the analysis of individual health maintenance system reevaluating biological significance of LPS based on the accumulation of scientific information about usefulness of LPS. To achieve these purposes, cooperation system with many specialists in different fields (university, industry, and government) should be needed.<br> Thus, we established an alliance composed of the, non profit organization (NPO) mainly for conduct of clinical trial with products containing LPS and evaluation of the various products in terms of both quality and quantity of LPS and its function, and university-led venture company mainly for transferring intellectual properties and for development and supply of new functional materials containing LPS derived from dietary-experienced Gram-negative bacteria including IP-PA1. In this manuscript, we introduce our concept for maintaining homeostasis based on the macrophage-network and processes in development of the product containing IP-PA1 which is a material from dietary-experienced Gram-negative bacteria to be applicable to health food.<br>
ABSTRACT
I-123 labelled fatty acids are suitable for investigation of regional myocardial metabolism, so they are on the clinical trial. However, the precise properties of these materials are not characterized yet. We have synthesized phenylpentadecanoic acid and labeled this compound with I-123. The purpose of this study was to examine the stability, biodistribution, metabolism and SPECT imaging of [I-123]15-(p-iodophenyl)pentadecanoic acid(I-123-IPPA) that we made. The stability test of I-123-IPPA in serum of rat, mouse and human showed no free I-123 after 1 hour. In biodistribution study in mice for various time intervals after injection(5, 10, 15, 30, 60 minutes), uptake in myocardium was 14.5%ID/g(5 min), and 1.9%ID/heart(5 min), while uptake in muscles was 2.6%ID/g(5 min). Myocardium to blood ratio and myocardium to lung ratio increased for 5 min after injection and then decreased rapidly. Chromatographic data of rat blood and urine showed that little PPA was found in blood and urine 15-20 min after injection. The myocardial I-123-IPPA SPECT images of a dog with myocardial infarction showed defects similar to those of Tc-99m-MIBI and F-18-FDG. These data suggest that I-123-IPPA is quite stable in vitro and shows favorable biodistribution in mice. SPECT imaging with I-123-IPPA demonstrated infarct zone as photon defect in dog model of myocardial infarction. I-123-IPPA may be used for the evaluation of fatty acid metabolism in clinical trials in Korea.