Non-extraction orthodontic treatment in angle class I malocclusion with severe crowding, deep bite, and midline shifting: A case report

@#Crowding is the most common dental case worldwide. This case report describes the diagnosis and management of a 20-year-old woman with severe crowding, deep bite, and midline shifting. The patient presented with the chief complaint of crowding and an unaesthetic smile. Upon examination, the patient had Angle Class I Malocclusion. The severe crowding was treated comprehensively and successfully corrected using fixed orthodontic appliances and without extraction, only interproximal reduction (IPR).

Modelling the transition from simple to complex Ca2+oscillations in pancreatic acinar cells.

The worldwide increase in the use of antibiotics as an integral part of poultry and livestock production industry has recently received increasing attention as a contributory factor in the international emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in human beings. To gauge the presence of the aforementioned scenario in the Indian context, a preliminary survey was conducted to assess the use of chlortetracycline (CTC) in 12 commercial layer farms and to quantify and confirm its residue in the egg. Samples of feed and eggs were collected at day 0 (prior to CTC addition), 3rd, 5th and 7th day during treatment and on the 9th and 14th day (2nd and 7th day after withdrawal of CTC) from each of the 12 commercial poultry farms studied. Concentration of CTC in feed was significantly (P<0.01) high on the 3rd, 5th and 7th day. On the 9th day and 14th day CTC concentration in feed was significantly (P<0.01) lower compared to the earlier 3 days studied. A highly significant difference (P<0.01) of the antibiotic residue in egg was observed in all the 5 days with high residual levels of CTC in egg. CTC in feed and its residue in egg were detected even on the 9th and 14th day respectively.

Intellectual Property Right of Transgenic Crops and Right to Work: Bioethical Challenges in Rural Communities.

Abstract: Increasing importance of intellectual property rights (IPR) over the area of seed production, is radically transforming agricultural production relations. One major effect of this transformation is the exclusive control of biotech companies on process of transaction of GM crops. This new status, that is the part of a trend that was set in national and international documents to protect inventors, may have adverse impact on the right to work of poor and vulnerable farmers in developing countries. In the framework of international human rights, the right to work is the fundamental right of every one to have sustainable access to decent work that meets the needs and welfare of his livelihood. Rural communities enjoy this right similar to the urban communities. But, the main question, which is our major concern, is the relationship between IPR and the right to work with attention to articles of International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural right and International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.

Recria de bovinos de corte mantidos em pastagem de aveia preta com diferentes ofertas de forragem, com e sem suplementação / Rearing of beef cattle grazing oats with different forage allowances, with or without supplementation

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho de bezerros recebendo ou não suplemento energético, mantidos em pastagem de aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) manejada sob duas ofertas de forragem. Foram utilizados 16 animais do grupamento genético Composto Marchangus Z (1/4 Marchigiana 1/4 Angus 1/2 Nelore), com oito meses de idade, castrados, e com peso médio inicial de 200kg. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em um fatorial 2x2 (duas ofertas de forragem x dois manejos alimentares - com e sem suplementação de milho moído). Não houve interação significativa entre oferta e suplementação para nenhuma das variáveis. A oferta de forragem real ficou próxima do estipulado para 6 e 10% (5,95% e 9,07%, respectivamente). A oferta de 6% apresentou maior porcentagem de folha (57,0 contra 30,4%), menor porcentagem de colmo (43,0 contra 69,6%) e, consequentemente, maior relação folha/colmo (1,45 contra 0,45), resultando em pastagens de melhor qualidade (PB = 20,0 contra 13,6%) na menor oferta. A taxa de acúmulo diária foi maior (P<0,05) para oferta de forragem de 6% (34,2kg de MS/ha/dia) em relação à oferta de 10% (28,1kg de MS/ha/dia). A suplementação proporcionou maior ganho de peso médio diário (0,749 contra 0,594kg/dia) na recria de bezerros em pastagem de aveia preta IPR-61.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of calves fed supplemented energy or not maintained in oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) managed under two forage allowances. Sixteen Marchangus (1/4 Marchigiana 1/4 Angus 1/2 Nelore) animals were used at eight months old and average initial weight of 200kg. The experimental design utilized was completely randomized in a 2x2 factorial (two forage allowances x two feeding - with and without supplementation of corn). There was no significant interaction between supply and supplementation for the variables. The real forage allowance was close to the expected from 6 to 10% (5.95 and 9.07%, respectively). The offer of 6% shows higher percentage of leaf (57.0 versus 30.4%), lower percentage of stem (43.0 versus 69.6%) and, consequently, higher leaf/stem ratio (1.45 versus 0.45), resulting in better forage (PB=20.0 versus 13.6%), in lower offer. The accumulated rate was higher (P<.05) for forage allowance of 6% (34.2kg of MS/ha/day) in relation to the offer of 10% (28,1kg of MS/ha/day). Supplemented animals showed higher average dairy weight (.749 versus .549kg/day).

An overview on: trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights.

The World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) substantially changed the international intellectual property regime by introducing the principle of minimum intellectual property standards. In effect, this principle means that any intellectual property agreement negotiated subsequent to TRIPS among and/or involving WTO members can only create higher standards – commonly known as “TRIPS plus”. The TRIPS-plus concept covers both those activities aimed at increasing the level of protection for right holders beyond that which is given in the TRIPS Agreement and those measures aimed at reducing the scope or effectiveness of limitations on rights and exceptions. Such intellectual property rules and practices have the effect of reducing the ability of developing countries to protect the public interest and may be adopted at the multilateral, plurilateral, regional and/or national level. The TRIPS Agreement addresses a wide range of intellectual property subject matter areas (copyright, trademark, patent, and so forth). It also covers competitive markets, enforcement measures, dispute settlement, and transitional arrangements. This Module provides an introduction to these various aspects of the TRIPS Agreement, and seeks to focus on the kinds of questions that should be asked when approaching dispute settlement. In some areas, the questions are answered, but the entire field of intellectual property rights protection, including enforcement measures, cannot be covered in a single Module or short course. Moreover, the questions will change along with the technologies that form the subject matter of intellectual property rights protection. The objective of this Module is to provide sufficient background so that as specific issues arise, the diplomat or lawyer understands how to approach them.

The Role of Fas/FasL in Radiation Induced Apoptosis in vivo / 대한방사선종양학회지

No abstract available.