Adverse effect of pre- and postnatal exposure to carbamate and pyrethroid pesticides on cognition in children at 4 and 6 years of age: A prospective study

Objective@#To determine the adverse effect of pre- and postnatal exposure to carbamate (propoxur) and pyrethroid pesticides on children's cognitive functions at 4 and 6 years of age. @*Method@#As part of a prospective cohort study among children with known pre- and postnatal exposure to propoxur and pyrethroids, children were examined at time points, 4 and 6 years, to determine the adverse effect of pesticide exposure on neurocognitive function, i.e., intelligence (IQ) using the WPPSI-III test. Pre- and postnatal pesticide exposures were measured by meconium and hair analysis, respectively, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS).@*Results@#Seven hundred twenty-four (724) maternal/children dyads were seen at four years and 717 at six years of age. Their mean (SD) full-scale IQ was low on average: 83.9 (10.2) at four years and 83.6 (8.6) at six years. Prenatal but not postnatal exposure to propoxur (-0.139, p=0.01) and pyrethroids (-0.097, p=0.05) were significantly correlated (negative) with full-scale IQ at four years but not at six years. The confounders that were significantly correlated to full-scale IQ at four and/or six years of age were maternal IQ, child’s weight, height, head circumference, socio-economic status, child environment, and stimulation at home (HOME) violence or abuse at home. Regression analysis of pesticides and confounders showed similar results, except for weight and head circumference.@*Conclusion@#We conclude that prenatal exposure to propoxur and pyrethroids had a negative effect on the children’s IQ at four years but no longer at six years. Thus, the ability of the child’s IQ to recover from the adverse effect of intrauterine pesticide insult may be attributable to the neuronal plasticity of its brain. Similarly, confounders to these outcome measures are multiple and are essential to address when evaluating the effect of pesticides on neuro-cognitive development in children.

How stable is the intelligence over time?: evidence from Brazilian data / Quão estável é a inteligência?: evidência a partir de dados brasileiros / ¿Cómo de estable es la inteligencia?: evidencias a partir de datos brasileños

There is strong scientific evidence that intelligence remains stable from childhood to adulthood; however, no study has examined the generalizability of these findings for native Brazilian samples. Here we present a study carried out in 2002 and from 2014-2017 (average timespan of 15 years) in order to verify the stability of psychometric intelligence. A sample of 120 participants (mean age Time 1 = 10.0 yrs, mean age Time 2 = 23.6 yrs) was assessed using the Raven's Progressive Matrices and verbal subtests from the WISC-III and WAIS-III. The results indicated a moderate coefficient (around .50) for intelligence differential stability independent of the measurement administered. Regarding absolute stability, real cognitive gains were observed from Time 1 to Time 2, despite controlling the effect of the regression toward the mean. Finally, sex (female) and intelligence were statistically significant predictors of rapid educational progression. (AU)

Existe sólida evidência científica que a inteligência permanece estável desde a infância até a idade adulta, embora não existam estudos que verifique a generalidade desse pressuposto para amostra de nativos brasileiros. Aqui um estudo desenvolvido em 2002 e 2014/2017 (intervalo médio de 15 anos) que verifica a estabilidade da inteligência psicométrica é apresentado. Uma amostra de 120 participantes (Tempo 1 = 10,0 anos, Tempo 2 = 23,6 anos) foi avaliada com o uso das Matrizes Progressivas de Raven e as escalas verbais do WISC-III e do WAIS-III. Os resultados indicaram um coeficiente de estabilidade diferencial da inteligência moderado (aproximadamente 0,50), independentemente do tipo de medida administrada. Com relação à estabilidade absoluta, observaram-se ganhos cognitivos do Tempo 1 para o Tempo 2, apesar do controle do efeito da regressão à média. Finalmente, o sexo (feminino) e a inteligência foram os preditores estatisticamente significativos de uma rápida progressão educacional. (AU)

Existen fuertes evidencias científicas de que la inteligencia permanece estable desde la niñez hasta la edad adulta; sin embargo, no hay estudios que verifiquen la generalización de este supuesto para muestra de brasileños nativos. Aquí presentamos un estudio realizado en 2002 y de 2014 a 2017 (intervalo de tiempo promedio de 15 años) que comprueba la estabilidad de la inteligencia psicométrica. Se evaluó el desempeño de 120 participantes (Tiempo 1 = 10,0 años y Tiempo 2 = 23,6 años) con las Matrices Progresivas de Raven y escalas verbales del WISC-III y del WAIS-III. Los resultados indicaron un coeficiente de la estabilidad diferencial intelectual moderada (aproximadamente .50), independiente del tipo de medida administrada. En cuanto a la estabilidad absoluta, se observaron ganancias cognitivas del Tiempo 1 al Tiempo 2, a pesar de controlar el efecto de la regresión hacia la media. Por último, el sexo (femenino) y la inteligencia fueron predictores estadísticamente significativos de una rápida progresión educativa. (AU)

Specific Learning Disability Assessment and Interpretation: NIMHANS SLD Battery and Beyond

To diagnose Specific Learning Disability (SLD) in India, only ‘NIMHANS Specific Learning Disability Battery (NSB)’ is accepted for assessment and certification of disability. Earlier editions of the NSB used ‘functioning at three standards below the current class of the child’ to arrive at a diagnosis of SLD, and was simple to administer and interpret. Given these, majority of psychologists used it in their routine assessments, and in most of the cases, it was relatively easy to diagnose SLD with this battery. A major limitation faced when using the NSB was that it had test items only till the 7th grade. In the updated NSB, there are test items till the 10th grade, which is definitely a big upgrade. However, as the battery is relatively concise and does not clearly describe the nuances of assessment and interpretation in marginal and complex scenarios, some young psychologists and research scholars might find it difficult to diagnose SLD. Some of these scenarios are, when the child shows problems in academics but does not exactly fulfil the NSB criteria; when the child is having problems with second language instead of the first language; when the child is from an international curriculum; when the child is studying in a class higher than grade 10; when comprehension appears to be impaired; and/or the issue of whether or not to have so many subtypes of SLD. This article highlights some of these issues, discusses and attempts to provide possible solutions with respect to assessment and interpretation.

A comparative evaluation of visual, refractive, and patient-reported outcomes of three diffractive trifocal intraocular lenses

@#OBJECTIVE: To compare the visual, refractive, and patient-reported outcomes of eyes implanted with one of 3 trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, comparative, non-interventional study wherein subjects implanted with FineVision Micro F, AT LISA tri 839MP or AcrySof IQ PanOptix trifocal IOL after phacoemulsification were recruited. Manifest refraction, uncorrected and corrected visual acuity (VA) at distance, intermediate and near vision, contrast sensitivity, modulated transfer function (MTF) values and questionnaire answers were compared among the 3 groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Fifty-seven (57) eyes were included in the study: 21 eyes with FineVision (group A), 21 eyes with LISA tri (group B), and 15 eyes with PanOptix IOL (group C). The post-operative mean manifest spherical equivalent was -0.01D, -0.07D, and 0.05D, respectively (p=0.083). Uncorrected distance VA and best-corrected distance VA were similar among the groups. Groups A and C had better uncorrected and corrected intermediate VA at 80 cm and at 60 cm compared to group B. Group A had significantly better uncorrected near visual acuity than groups B and C (p=0.032). Mesopic contrast sensitivity testing showed group C had higher contrast sensitivities without glare in at the spatial frequency of 6 CPD (p=0.038) and with glare at 3 CPD (p=0.039) and at 12 CPD (p=0.009). MTF average height analysis showed that the group A had significantly superior resolution in far targets compared to groups B and C (p=0.001). At near targets, groups A and C had better resolutions compared to group B (p=0.017). There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction for far, intermediate and near VA among the groups. CONCLUSION: Eyes implanted with any of the 3 trifocal IOL designs achieved excellent uncorrected and bestcorrected distance, intermediate and near vision. FineVision and PanOptix provided significantly better intermediate vision than LISA tri at both 80 cm and 60 cm testing distance. FineVision had better near visual outcomes than PanOptix and LISA tri. Patient satisfaction was high in all 3 trifocal IOLS

Hippocampal formation volume, its subregions, and its specific contributions to visuospatial memory tasks

Visuospatial memory (VSM) is the ability to represent and manipulate visual and spatial information. This cognitive function depends on the functioning of the hippocampal formation (HF), located in the medial portion of the temporal cortex. The present study aimed to investigate whether there is an association between the volume of the HF and performance in VSM tests. High-resolution structural images (T1) and neuropsychological tests evaluating VSM were performed on 31 healthy individuals. A VSM index was created by grouping 5 variables from 5 tasks (4 from the CANTAB battery and 1 from the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test). Multiple linear regression models using the volumes of HF subregions as independent variables and the VSM index as the dependent variable were conducted to test the hypothesis that memory performance could be predicted by HF volumes. We also conducted analyses to explore the role of covariates that may mediate this relationship, specifically age and intelligence quotient (IQ). We found significant associations between the hippocampal subregions of the left hemisphere and the VSM index (F(7,22)=2.758, P=0.032, R2a=0.298). When IQ was accounted for as a covariate, we also found significant results for the right hemisphere (F(8,21)=2.804, P=0.028, R2a=0.517). We concluded that the bilateral hippocampal formations contributed to performance on VSM tasks. Also, VSM processing is essential for a diverse set of daily activities and may be influenced by demographic variables in healthy subjects.

Parental Perception Of Low Iq Facts Or Fiction: Retrospective Data From Clinic In Semi Rural Maharashtra

Objective: To study the association between physical and psychological problems perceived by parents and the IQ of their children. Methods: We studied 981 children in the child development center at Ahmednagar. Median age at followup was 7.8y (Q25=5.6y and Q75=10.4y, Babies underwent IQ evaluation by Binet Kamat scale (n=981); also their physical and psychological problems perceived by parents were documented. We categorized children into 4 categories using number of problems (physical and psychological separately) viz 1 (no problem), 2 (1 problem), 3 (2 problems), 4 (>2 problems). When we looked at physical problem data, 555 (56.6%) had no problem, 251 (25.6%) had 1, 117 (11.9%) had 2, and remaining 58 (5.9%) had more than 2. For psychological problems like not interested in studies, speech problems don't remember, don't understand, cannot concentrate, fears, etc. The distribution was 221 (22.5%), 212 (21.6%), 222 (22.6%) and 326 (33.3%) respectively. Result: The increasing trend of mean IQ for physical problem parameters from nil to >2 categories and decreasing prevalence of low IQ using Binet Kamat scale were not significant. However, for psychological problems the decreasing and statistically significant trend (p=0.000) was present for mean IQ, and a significant increasing trend (p=0.029) for prevalence of low IQ was observed. Conclusion: Psychological problems were associated with IQ. Numbers of problems were inversely correlated with IQ.

Relación Del Estado Nutricional Con El Desarrollo Cognitivo Y Psicomotor De Los Niños En La Primera Infancia / Relationship Between Nutritional Status And Cognitive And Psychomotor Development Of Children In Early Childhood

RESUMEN La gestación, los primeros años de vida y el estado nutricional juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo físico, psicosocial, emocional y cognitivo en la infancia y adolescencia. Diferentes investigaciones han encontrado una relación entre el estado nutricional con un mejor desempeño cognitivo, por el contrario, la malnutrición en estas etapas puede ocasionar desequilibrios entre las necesidades nutricionales que podrían llevar a que se presente obesidad o desnutrición e influir sobre el desarrollo cognitivo. El objetivo de este artículo fue revisar la relación del estado nutricional con el desarrollo cognitivo y psicomotor de los niños en la primera infancia. El método fue revisión sistemática en las bases de datos ProQuest, Redalyc, Science Direct y Scopus en los años 2013-2018. Este artículo concluye que tanto la capacidad intelectual como el desarrollo de la motricidad fina y gruesa, dependen del estado nutricional de los infantes y por tanto se sugiere una relación entre la nutrición y el desarrollo psicomotor y cognitivo.

ABSTRACT Gestation, the first years of life and nutritional status are important role in physical, psychosocial, emotional and cognitive development in childhood and adolescence. Different investigations have found a relationship between nutritional status with better cognitive performance, although conversely, malnutrition in these stages can cause imbalances between nutritional needs that could lead to obesity or malnutrition and influence cognitive development. The aim of this article was to review the relationship between nutritional status and cognitive and psychomotor development of children in early childhood. The method was systematic review in the databases ProQuest, Redalyc, Science Direct and Scopus in the years 2013-2018. This article concludes that both the intellectual capacity and the development of fine and gross motor skills depend on the nutritional status of infants and therefore a relationship between nutrition and psychomotor and cognitive development is suggested.

MRIDEAL-IQforspleenirondeposition,fatandwatercontentinacutepancreatitis / 实用放射学杂志

Objective Toinvestigatethechangesofiron,fatandwatercontentinspleentissuesforacutepancreatitis(AP).Methods Atotal of44patientswithAP(experimentalgroup)and21healthysubjects(controlgroup)wererecruitedinthisstudy.RoutineupperabdominalMR scansandIDEAL-IQsequencescanwereperformed.TheR2?,Water,FatandFFvaluesofspleenwererespectivelymeasuredinthe experimentalgroupandcontrolgroup,andthedataofthetwogroupswereanalyzedstatistically.Results TheR2?value(P=0.011),Water value(P=0.003)andFatvalue(P=0.022)ofspleenintheexperimentalgroupandthecontrolgrouphadsignificantdifferences, whiletheFFvalue(P=0.861)didn’t.TherewerenosignificantdifferencesinR2?,WaterandFatvaluesinthemild,moderateand severeAP (P>0.05).aswellasintheyounggroup (14-44yearsold),themiddle-agedgroup (45-59yearsold)andtheelderly group (≥60yearsold)inAP (P>0.05).Conclusion APcanleadtothechangesofirondeposition,fatandwatercontentinspleen tissue,andIDEAL-IQtechnologycanquantitativelyevaluatethechangeofthem.

Determination of Level of Heavy Metals, Al-Quran Memorization and Intelligence Quotient (IQ) Among Tahfiz Students in Selangor / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Tahfiz school is an institution that specialises in educating students to memorize and recite the whole Al-Quran. Memorizing the Al-Quran by rote learning will activate the brain to improve the brain ability to process, store information and build memory. The presence of heavy metals affects the nervous system and interferes with the function of the central and peripheral nervous system which will then cause the impairment of mental and cognitive function. The ability to learn, remember or memorize, use of language and to understand something may be disrupted and cause small decrease in IQ and attention. Cross-sectional studies was conducted to measure and to determine the correlation between the levels of heavy metals, Al-Quran memorization and intelligence (IQ) among students in selected tahfiz schools compared to non-tahfiz schools in Selangor. Levels of heavy metals in nail and hair samples were analyzed by using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). WASI-II test for intelligence was used to measure the student’s IQ. Questionnaires was used to obtain demographic data and was analyzed by using the SPSS version 23.0. Based on the Pearson correlation test, there was a very weak negative correlation and significant relationship between manganese in the hair samples with the level of Al-Quran memorization (r= -0.178, p=0.017). In addition, there was a weak positive correlation but significant relationship between the level of intelligence (IQ) with the level of Al-Quran memorization (r= 0.375, p=<0.001). As a conclusion, the higher the concentration of manganese will cause a decline in the level of Al-Quran memorization and the higher the level of Al-Quran memorization will cause an increase in the level of intelligence (IQ).

Láser micropulsado IRIDEX IQ 577 nm / IRIDEX IQ 577 nm micropulse laser

El micropulso es una tecnología láser que consiste en proporcionar solo una fracción de la energía usualmente utilizada para la realización del efecto deseado. La eficacia clínica del láser 577 nm ha mostrado una respuesta terapéutica favorable con mínimos daños colaterales tanto en los tratamientos convencionales de onda continua como en modo micropulsado para algunas enfermedades maculares, como edema macular diabético, retinopatía serosa central y oclusión venosa retiniana. IQ577TM ofrece, además, la tecnología TxCell, la que permite el uso de patrones con múltiples spots, aumenta la eficiencia al aplicar la terapia y hace el proceso menos doloroso para el paciente. Por otra parte, tiene ventajas en el tratamiento del glaucoma, ya que la trabeculoplastia láser con micropulso no es destructiva, a diferencia de la trabeculoplastia tradicional, y permite la posibilidad de retratamientos a los pacientes que no alcanzan la presión intraocular deseada. Con el objetivo de caracterizar el láser micropulsado IRIDEX IQ577TM se realizó la presente revisión de la literatura mediante búsquedas en diferentes publicaciones relacionadas con la especialidad, para lo cual se utilizaron las bases de datos de revistas líderes de Oftalmología(AU)

Micropulse is a laser technology that consists in providing only a fraction of the energy typically used to obtain a given effect. The clinical efficacy of 577 nm laser manifests in a favorable therapeutic response with minimal collateral damage both in conventional continuous wave treatments and in micropulse mode for some macular diseases, such as diabetic macular edema, central serous retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion. IQ577TM also offers TxCell technology, which allows the use of multi-spot patterns, increasing efficiency when applying the therapy and making the process less painful for patients. On the other hand, it has advantages for the treatment of glaucoma, because, unlike traditional trabeculoplasty, micropulse laser trabeculoplasty is not destructive, making it possible to re-treat patients not achieving the desired intraocular pressure. The purpose of the study was to characterize micropulse laser IRIDEX IQ577TM. A bibliographic review was conducted based on a search in various publications related to the specialty, using the databases of leading ophthalmology journals(AU)

Working memory and intelligence quotient: which best predicts on school achievement? / Memória de trabalho e quociente de inteligência: o que melhor prevê o desempenho escolar? / Memoria de trabajo y cociente de inteligencia: ¿cuál predice mejor el logro escolar?

Working memory (WM) refers to ability to store and manipulate information for a period of time. There is evidence of a close relationship between WM and learning. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between WM, intelligence quotient (IQ) on school achievement. Individual neuropsychological assessment was conducted following a specific protocol. The study included 227 children aged 7 to 12 years (M=9.87, SD=1.34), of which 119 were females, from private and public schools in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Academic achievement was evaluated using the Academic Performance Test (TDE), with subtests in reading, writing and arithmetic. The components of WM were evaluated using backward and forward Digit Span tasks and the backward and forward Corsi block-tapping task. The estimated IQ was assessed using tasks vocabularies and block design of the Wechsler scales. The statistical tests used were linear regression analysis (stepwise) and Pearson correlation. The results showed that the best predictors of academic performance were Digit Span Forward, Corsi Block Backward and Digit Span Backward task. The hypothesis of non-multicollinearity was tested, and it was verified that the constructs were independent (VIF <10 and Tolerance >0.20). The variance in academic performance explained by WM model was ΔR=0.36. High and significant correlations were observed between the components of WM and the TDE. The WM score (Digit Span Backward + Corsi Block Backward) and the TDE were correlated (r=0.54**). These results indicate that WM is a good predictor of academic achievement than IQ and are consistent with other findings showing WM as a predictor of learning or the potential for learning. This result has important implications for education, particularly with respect to intervention.

Memória de trabalho (MT) refere-se a capacidade de armazenar e manipular informações por um período de tempo. Há evidências de uma estreita relação entre MT e aprendizado. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre MT, quociente de inteligência (QI) no desempenho acadêmico. A avaliação neuropsicológica individual foi realizada seguindo um protocolo específico. O estudo incluiu 227 crianças com idades entre 7 a 12 anos (M=9.87, SD=1.34), das quais 119 eram do sexo feminino, de escolas privadas e públicas em Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. A análise de dados incluiu estatística descritiva e inferencial. O desempenho acadêmico foi avaliado usando o Teste de Desempenho Escolar (TDE), com subtestes de leitura, escrita e aritmética. Os componentes da MT foram avaliados usando tarefas de Span de Digitos e direta e inversa e a tarefa de Blocos de Corsi versão direta e inversa. O IQ estimado foi avaliado usando as tarefas de vocabulário e cubos das escalas Wechsler. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram análise de regressão linear (enter) e correlação de Pearson. Os resultados mostraram que os melhores preditores de desempenho escolar foram as tarefas Digitos span direto, invertido e Cubos de Corsi direto e inverso. A hipótese de não-multicolinearidade foi testada, e verificou-se que os construtos foram independentes (VIF <10 e tolerância> 0,20). A variância no desempenho acadêmico explicado pelo modelo WM foi ΔR=0,12. Correlações significativas foram observadas entre os componentes da MT e do TDE. O escore da MT (Dígito span do inverso + Corsi Block inverso) e o TDE foram correlacionados (r=0,28 **). Estes resultados indicam que a MT é um bom preditor de realização escolar do que o QI e são consistentes com outros achados mostrando MT como um preditor de aprendizagem ou o potencial de aprendizagem. Este resultado tem implicações importantes para a educação, particularmente no que diz respeito à intervenção.

La memoria de trabajo (WM) se refiere a la capacidad de almacenar y manipular información durante un período de tiempo, y existe evidencia de una relación cercana entre la memoria de trabajo y el aprendizaje. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la relación entre la memoria de trabajo, la inteligencia (IQ) y el rendimiento escolar. La evaluación individual se realizó siguiendo un protocolo específico. El logro escolar se evaluó mediante la prueba de Logro escolar (TDE), con subpruebas en lectura, escritura y aritmética. Los componentes de la memoria de trabajo se evaluaron utilizando versiones anteriores y posteriores de Digit Span y las pruebas de bloqueo de tapado de Corsi. El IQ estimado se evaluó mediante las subpruebas Vocabulary and Block Design de Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III. El estudio incluyó a 227 niños de 7 a 12 años (M=9.87, SD=1.34), de los cuales 119 eran mujeres, de escuelas privadas y públicas en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. El análisis de los datos incluyó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Las pruebas estadísticas utilizadas fueron el análisis de regresión lineal (enter) y la correlación de Pearson. Los resultados mostraron que los mejores predictores de Logros Escolares fueron el Digit Span hacia adelante, hacia atrás y Corsi bloquean las tareas hacia adelante y hacia atrás. Se probó la hipótesis de no multicolinealidad y se verificó que las construcciones eran independientes (VIF <10 y Tolerancia >0.20). La variación en el rendimiento académico explicada por el modelo de memoria de trabajo fue ΔR=0.12. Se observaron correlaciones significativas entre los componentes de la memoria de trabajo y el TDE. La puntuación de la memoria de trabajo (Digit Span Backward + Corsi Block Backward) y el TDE se correlacionaron (r=0.28 **). Estos resultados indican que la memoria de trabajo es un buen predictor del rendimiento escolar que el coeficiente intelectual y es consistente con otros hallazgos que muestran que la memoria de trabajo es un predictor del aprendizaje o el potencial de aprendizaje. Este resultado tiene implicaciones importantes para la educación, particularmente con respecto a la intervención.

A β-catenin/IQGAP1 regulatory feedback loop and its effects on the proliferation of colon cancer cells / 生物医学工程学杂志

The aim of this article is to study the regulatory feedback loop between β-catenin and IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), as well as the effect of this regulation loop in colon cancer cell proliferation. Western blot was used to detect the expression of IQGAP1 and β-catenin after changing their expression respectively by transfection in SW1116 cells. CCK-8 cell proliferation assay was used to detect the effect of IQGAP1 involved in the proliferation of SW1116 cells promoted by β-catenin. The results of Western blot indicated that β-catenin could positively regulate IQGAP1, while IQGAP1 silencing could up-regulate β-catenin, forming a negative feedback loop. The results of CCK-8 showed that IQGAP1 silencing inhibited β-catenin-mediated proliferation in SW1116 cells. In conclusion, our research reveals a negative regulatory feedback loop between β-catenin and IQGAP1 which has a remarkable effect on the proliferation ability of colon cancer cells.

SASH1-IQGAP1-E-cadherin signal cascade may regulate breast cancer metastasis / 肿瘤

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanism of SAM-and SH3-domain containing 1 (SASH1) which serves as a novel tumor suppressor gene to regulate breast cancer metastasis. Methods: The expressions of SASH1, IQ motif-containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) and E-cadherin in breast cancer tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The correlation among SASH1, IQGAP1 and E-cadherin, as well as the association of SASH1 and IQGAP1 expressions with the clinical parameters of breast cancer patients were analyzed, respectively. The recombinant plasmids HAIQGAP1-pcDNA3.0 and pEGFP-C3-SASH1 were cloned and transfected into human embryonic kidney HEK-293T cells. The interaction of SASH1 and IQGAP1 was analyzed by immunoprecipitation-Western blotting. Results: In breast cancer tissues, there was a correlation between the expressions of SASH1 and IQGAP1 (P 0.05). The recombinant plasmids HAIQGAP1-pcDNA3.0 and pEGFP-C3-SASH1 were constructed successfully. After these recombinant plasmids were transfected into HEK-293T cells, the interaction between SASH1 and IQGAP1 was found. Conclusion: SASH1 interacts with IQGAP1, and which is closely related to the expression of E-cadherin. Therefore, it is suggested that SASH1 may form a new signaling cascade with IQGAP1 and E-cadherin to regulate breast cancer metastasis.

Clinical observation of multifocal intraocular lens with aspheric astigmatism in cataract surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: By comparing the aspheric and multifocal Toric intraocular lens and the aspheric intraocular lens in cataract patients,to observe the patients` visual quality,to evaluate the patients` distance visual acuity,near visual acuity,Pseudo-accommodative power,residual astigmatism,the rotational stability of AcrySof IQ Toric Restor intraocular lens (IOLs),contrast the rate of off-distance glass,the rate of off-near glass and patient satisfaction after the implantation of AcrySof IQ Toric Restor IOL in the cataract patients with preexisting corneal astigmatism.METHODS:Carried out in 46 patients (48 eyes) with age-rated cataract who receiving phacoemulsification and implantation of artificial lens in our department during February 2014 to June 2016.All the cases were randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental group: 23 cases (24 eyes),AcrySof IQ ReSTOR Toric IOL was implanted after phacoemulsification;control group: 23 cases (24 eyes),AcrySof IQ was implanted.Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) and best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA),uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA) and best-corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA),Pseudo-accommodative power,residual astigmatism,preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism,the rate of off-distance glass,the rate of off-near glass and patient satisfaction were measured at 6mo postoperatively follow-up.RESULTS: BCDVA and BCNVA were not statistically different between the two groups(P<0.05).At 1wk,1,3 and 6mo postoperatively of UCDVA the experimental group were statistically better than the control group (P<0.05).UCNVA were also statistically better than the control group (P<0.05).The mean residual astigmatisms 1wk,1,3 and 6mo postoperatively were statistically differences between the control group and experimental group (P<0.05).At 6mo postoperatively,patients satisfaction of experimental group were significantly better than control group (P<0.05).Spectacles independence for near vision achieved 83% and 17% in experimental group and control group,experimental group were statistically better than control group(P<0.05).Spectacles independence for distance vision achieved 92% and 67% in experimental group and control group,experimental group were statistically better than control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The results indicate that AcrySof IQ ReSTOR Toric IOLs may provide a better uncorrected distance visual acuity and uncorrected near visual acuity,which can significantly reduce preexisting corneal astigmatism in cataract surgery,improve spectacles independence for distance vision and spectacles independence for near vision,have a high patient satisfaction.

High Maternal Blood Mercury Level Is Associated with Low Verbal IQ in Children

The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship of IQ in children with maternal blood mercury concentration during late pregnancy. The present study is a component of the Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) study, a multi-center birth cohort project in Korea that began in 2006. The study cohort consisted of 553 children whose mothers underwent testing for blood mercury during late pregnancy. The children were given the Korean language version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, revised edition (WPPSI-R) at 60 months of age. Multivariate linear regression analysis, with adjustment for covariates, was used to assess the relationship between verbal, performance, and total IQ in children and blood mercury concentration of mothers during late pregnancy. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that a doubling of blood mercury was associated with the decrease in verbal and total IQ by 2.482 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.749–4.214) and 2.402 (95% CI, 0.526–4.279), respectively, after adjustment. This inverse association remained after further adjustment for blood lead concentration. Fish intake is an effect modifier of child IQ. In conclusion, high maternal blood mercury level is associated with low verbal IQ in children.

Inteligencia emocional y coeficiente intelectual como predictor de rendimiento académico en estudiantes de medicina paraguayos. Año 2015 / Emotional intelligence and intelligence quotient as predictor of academic performance in paraguayan medical students. Year 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las correlaciones entre la inteligencia emocional, coeficiente intelectual y promedio académico en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA) y la Universidad Nacional de Caaguazú (UNCA), Paraguay. Además, se correlacionó el puntaje obtenido en el test TMMS-24 (inteligencia emocional, IE) con su promedio académico, sexo y edad; y, se asoció el puntaje obtenido en el test de Dominó (para Coeficiente Intelectual, CI) con sexo y edad. Estudio observacional analítico, de corte trasversal, y muestreo por conveniencia. La muestra estuvo constituida por 75 estudiantes de la UNA y la UNCA, a quienes se les aplicó el test de Dominó y el test TMMS-24. La percepción emocional, comprensión emocional y la regulación emocional de los estudiantes resultaron ser adecuadas (63%, 53,3% y 59%, respectivamente). En la interpretación del CI se observó una puntuación correspondiente al Término Medio & Superior A Término Medio en el 53,4%. No se observaron correlaciones entre la IE o el CI con el rendimiento académico. La edad presentó correlación inversa con el rendimiento académico y mostró correlación con el CI y la IE. En esta investigación se demostró que los estudiantes de medicina son emocionalmente preparados, que comprenden bien sus sentimientos y los regulan con eficacia, que cuentan con hábitos mentales que favorecen su productividad y que el promedio académico no solo depende de la capacidad intelectual, sino también de ciertas destrezas emocionales. Se comprobó además que el CI posee estrecha relación con la edad.

The aim of this study was to determine the correlations between emotional intelligence, intelligence quotient and mean academic grades medical students from the National University of Asunción (UNA) and the National University of Caaguazú (UNCA), Paraguay. Inaddition, we correlated the score obtained by the students in the TMMS-24 test (emotional intelligence, EI) with their mean academic grades, sex and age; we associated also thescore obtained by the students in the Domino test (for Intelligence Quotient, IQ) with theirsex and age. This was an analytical observational, crosscut study, of convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 75 students from UNA and UNCA, in which we applied Domino testand the TMMS-24 test. Emotional perception, emotional under standing and emotional regulation of students found to be adequate (63%, 53.3% and 59%, respectively). The IQ score of students corresponded to a Medium and a Superior to Medium term in 53.4% ofthe sample. No correlation between EI, IQ or academic performance was observed; only agewas inversely correlated with academic performance and, also, age was correlated with IQ and EI. This research showed that medical students are emotionally prepared to perceiveand understand well their own feelings and to regulate them effectively, that medical students also have mental habits that favor their own productivity and that the academicaverage not only depends on the intellectual capacity of medical students, but also ofcertain emotional skills. In this research it was found that the IQ has close relationship withage.

Auditing Knowledge toward Leveraging Organizational IQ in Healthcare Organizations / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: In this study, a knowledge audit was conducted based on organizational intelligence quotient (OIQ) principles of Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) to determine levers that can enhance OIQ in healthcare. METHODS: The mixed method study was conducted within the MOHME. The study population consisted of 15 senior managers and policymakers. A tool based on literature review and panel expert opinions was developed to perform a knowledge audit. RESULTS: The significant results of this auditing revealed the following: lack of defined standard processes for organizing knowledge management (KM), lack of a knowledge map, absence of a trustee to implement KM, absence of specialists to produce a knowledge map, individuals' unwillingness to share knowledge, implicitness of knowledge format, occasional nature of knowledge documentation for repeated use, lack of a mechanism to determine repetitive tasks, lack of a reward system for the formation of communities, groups and networks, non-updatedness of the available knowledge, and absence of commercial knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the audit findings revealed that three levers for enhancing OIQ, including structure and process, organizational culture, and information technology must be created or modified.

Auditing Knowledge toward Leveraging Organizational IQ in Healthcare Organizations / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: In this study, a knowledge audit was conducted based on organizational intelligence quotient (OIQ) principles of Iran's Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) to determine levers that can enhance OIQ in healthcare. METHODS: The mixed method study was conducted within the MOHME. The study population consisted of 15 senior managers and policymakers. A tool based on literature review and panel expert opinions was developed to perform a knowledge audit. RESULTS: The significant results of this auditing revealed the following: lack of defined standard processes for organizing knowledge management (KM), lack of a knowledge map, absence of a trustee to implement KM, absence of specialists to produce a knowledge map, individuals' unwillingness to share knowledge, implicitness of knowledge format, occasional nature of knowledge documentation for repeated use, lack of a mechanism to determine repetitive tasks, lack of a reward system for the formation of communities, groups and networks, non-updatedness of the available knowledge, and absence of commercial knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the audit findings revealed that three levers for enhancing OIQ, including structure and process, organizational culture, and information technology must be created or modified.

Cognitive Characteristics of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition: Focused on General Ability Index and Cognitive Proficiency Index

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (K-WISC-IV) and General Ability Index (GAI) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: The GAI and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) in K-WISC-IV were compared for a group of 79 children with ADHD and 234 normal children. The mean differences within each group were testified by the t-test and Cohen's d. The Wechsler's descriptive classifications for each GAI and FSIQ score were analyzed in the children with ADHD. Additionally, the critical value for the difference between the means of the FSIQ and GAI was calculated in the normal children. RESULTS: The score on the GAI was higher than that on the FSIQ in the children with ADHD, with a mean difference of 2.19 points. The implications of these findings are discussed regarding the cognitive characteristics of the children with ADHD. According to Wechsler's descriptive classification, the application of the GAI showed a lower (7.59%), equal (61.65%) or higher (60.76%) prevalence of ADHD compared to the application of FSIQ. CONCLUSION: The implications of these findings are discussed regarding the cognitive characteristics of the children with ADHD. The GAI reflecting the attention and behavioral problems in children with ADHD could be utilized as an alternative global intelligence estimate that considers their potential for development.

Performance of a sample of patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and healthy elderly on a lexical decision test (LDT) as a measure of pre-morbid intelligence / Desempenho de uma amostra de pacientes com Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve (CCL), doença de Alzheimer (DA) e idosos saudáveis em Teste de Decisão Lexical (TDL) como medida de QI pré-mórbido

Objective:The objective of this study was to describe the performance of healthy elderly patients with aging-related pathologies (MCI) and patients with AD on a lexical decision test.Methods:The study included 38 healthy elderly subjects, 61 MCI and 26 AD patients from the Neurology Department of the Hospital das Clinicas, Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Group. The neuropsychological instruments included the episodic memory test (RAVLT), subtests from the WAIS-III (Matrix Reasoning and Vocabulary) to determine estimated IQ, the Boston naming test (BNT) and Lexical Decision Test (LDT).Results:All groups differed on the MMSE, as expected according to their pathologies, memory tests, naming and estimated IQ. For the vocabulary and the LDT - measures of crystalized intelligence no differences were found.Conclusion:The LDT demonstrated that lexical decision can be used as a measure of pre-morbid IQ among the individuals assessed in a Brazilian sample.

Objetivo:O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o desempenho de idosos saudáveis, idosos com patologias relacionadas ao envelhecimento (CCL) e de idosos com DA, em teste de decisão lexical.Métodos:Participaram 38 idosos saudáveis, 61 CCL e 26 DA, atendidos no Setor de Neurologia do Hospital das Clínicas (GNCC) e do Centro de Referência em Distúrbios Cognitivos (CEREDIC). Os instrumentos neuropsicológicos incluíram teste de memória episódica (RAVLT), Subtestes do WAIS-III (Vocabulário e Raciocínio Matricial) para estabelecer QI estimado, teste de nomeação (BNT) e o Teste de Decisão Lexical (TDL).Resultados:Todos os grupos diferiram quanto ao MEEM, de acordo com o esperado para as patologias, para os testes de memória, para a nomeação e o QI estimado. No caso do vocabulário e do TDL - medidas de inteligência cristalizada não apresentaram diferença.Conclusão:O TDL permitiu que se mostrasse que a decisão lexical pode ser uma medida de QI pré-mórbido nos indivíduos avaliados em uma amostra da população brasileira.