ABSTRACT
Objective The 19-Norandrosterone (19NA) and 19-Noretiocholanolone (19NE) are endogenous steroids abused as dope.The aim of this study was to investigate the detection of 19NA and 19NE using isotope ratio mass spectrometry.Methods Two male volunteers were recruited.Each volunteer was orally administered a single dose of 20 mg of nandrolone,and their urine samples were collected after administration.The analyses of urinary concentrations and isotope ratios of 19NA and 19NE were performed.Results Concentrations of 19NA and 19NE increased rapidly after administration,and their isotope ratios decreased to the value of the drug ingested.Conclusion The intake of nandrolone has no effect on the isotope ratios of pregnanediol,androsterone and etiocholanolone.The urine samples were positive within 27 hours after administration.
ABSTRACT
Carbon isotope fractionation associated with the aerobic consumption of propane (C3) were determined using Rhodococcus rhodochrous MTCC 291 bacterial strain to estimate the amount of hydrocarbon oxidized using GC, fractionation of δ13C carbon isotopes of propane and CO2 using GC-C-IRMS and growth of bacteria by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The initial δ13C isotopic value of propane was -34 ‰ and after incubation the changes of the isotopic values have been determined on 6th, 10th, 14th, and 17th days. The propane isotopic fractionation value was found to be maximum of -38.0 ‰ with an average value of -36.5 ‰ and a standard deviation of -1.22 ‰. The initial δ13C isotopic value of CO2 was -19.601 ‰. The CO2 isotopic fractionation value was found to be maximum of -29.153 ‰ with an average value of -26.859 ‰ and a standard deviation of -28.338 ‰. The consumption of propane gas was estimated using Gas Chromatograph. The initial concentration of propane in control was found to be 53 ppm. On incubation, the consumption of the propane gas was observed to be of 26 ppm. The carbon isotope fractionation presented here may be applied to estimate the extent of C1-C4 oxidation in natural gas samples, and should prove useful in further studying the microbial oxidation of these compounds in the natural environment.
ABSTRACT
Neste trabalho, objetivou-se analisar isotopicamente méis comercializados nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, para a detecção de fraude. Foram colhidas amostras comerciais com registro no Serviço de Inspeção Federal, Estadual ou Municipal. As amostras foram submetidas à combustão no Analisador Elementar EA 1108 CHN e analisadas no espectrômetro de massas de razão isotópica DELTA-S (Finningan Mat). Os valores isotópicos (δ13C) dos méis in natura foram comparados aos de suas respectivas proteínas (padrão interno). Foram consideradas adulteradas as amostras cuja diferença entre o valor isotópico da proteína e do mel foi igual ou inferior a -1. As amostras consideradas adulteradas pela análise isotópica foram submetidas a testes químicos qualitativos que não foram capazes de indicar adulteração para algumas delas. Das 61 amostras analisadas, 18,0 por cento encontram-se adulteradas, sendo 11,5 por cento na Região Sudeste e 6,5 por cento na Região Sul. Ao contrário dos testes químicos, a análise isotópica mostrou-se eficaz em identificar e quantificar a adulteração de méis comerciais.
The aim of this study was the isotopic evaluation of honey traded in the Southern and Southeastern Brazilian regions, to detect fraud. Commercial samples, registered in the municipal, State or Federal Inspection Service, were collected and submitted to combustion in the EA 1108 CHN Elemental Analyzer and analyzed in the DELTA-S (Finningan Mat.) isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The isotopic values (δ13C) of in natura honey were compared to their respective proteins (internal standard). Samples whose difference between the isotopic value of protein and honey was equal or inferior to -1 were considered adulterated. The samples considered adulterated were submitted to qualitative chemical tests which were unable to show adulteration for some of them. Among the 61 samples analyzed, 18.0 percent were adulterated; 11.5 percent in the Southeastern and 6.5 percent in the Southern region. Unlike chemical tests, isotopic analysis has shown to be efficient to identify and quantify adulteration in commercial honey.
ABSTRACT
Oobjetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a quantidade de malte e de adjunto presentes nas cervejas comerciais brasileiras do tipo Pilsen e detectar possível adulteração em sua composição, tomando por base a legislação brasileira. Para isso, foi utilizada a metodologia de análise isotópica utilizando os isótopos estáveis dos elementos carbono e nitrogênio. Foram analisadas 161 amostras de cervejas provenientes de dezessete estados do Brasil. Concluiu-se que 95,6 por cento utilizaram malte e adjunto cervejeiro (derivados de milho ou açúcar de cana: 91,3 por cento e derivados de arroz: 4,3 por cento) em sua formulação e outros 4,3 por cento eram cervejas "puro malte". Das amostras analisadas, 3,7 por cento eram cervejas com menos de 50 por cento de malte em sua formulação (adulteradas), 28,6 por cento delas estavam na faixa de incerteza, para qualquer tipo de adjunto e 67,7 por cento apresentaram malte dentro do limite legal estabelecido.
The aim of this study was to determine the amount of malt and adjunct in Pilsen Brazilian commercial beer, and to detect likely adulteration in its composition, based on the Brazilian legislation. The methodology applied was the isotopic analysis which used carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. One hundred sixty-one beer samples from seventeen Brazilian states were analyzed. It was concluded that 95.6 percent used malt and adjunct (corn or sugarcane derived: 91.3 percent and rice derived: 4.3 percent) in their formula and 4.3 percent were "pure malt" beer. Among the analyzed samples 3.7 percent were beers with less than 50 percent of malt in their formula (adulterated), 28.6 percent of them were in doubtful level for any adjunct and 67.7 percent contained malt in the legal established limit.