Design of ultrahigh-affinity and dual-specificity peptide antagonists of MDM2 and MDMX for P53 activation and tumor suppression

Peptide inhibition of the interactions of the tumor suppressor protein P53 with its negative regulators MDM2 and MDMX activates P53

Oportunidades para la docencia en nutrición no presencial en Venezuela / Opportunities for non-classroom nutrition teaching in Venezuela

Las actividades académicas en el mundo se vieron interrumpidas en su modalidad presencial debido a la COVID-19, que impuso medidas de confinamiento y distancia social, ello significó transitar de la modalidad presencial a una no presencial de emergencia. El uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) ha llegado para quedarse. Las brechas en las condiciones de acceso a internet y la asequibilidad, sumado a las fallas de otros servicios como el eléctrico en la región de América Latina y el Caribe y especialmente en Venezuela constituyen una nueva forma de exclusión para algunos segmentos de la población en todos los niveles educativos. Los tradicionales programas educativos deben transformarse y adaptarse a la educación a distancia, siendo necesario que los docentes aprendan a producir y gestionar contenidos y herramientas off line y on line para atender las demandas de los procesos sincrónicos y asincrónicos en sus modalidades híbridas o no presenciales. El dominio de las herramientas y las plataformas tecnológicas es fundamental para la planificación, diseño y ejecución de actividades virtuales y para la mejora de la educación universitaria. Se plantea revisar las oportunidades para la docencia no presencial del nutricionista en Venezuela. La actual emergencia educativa abre un mundo de posibilidades como el acceso abierto a la investigación en línea y el trabajo colaborativo, sin embargo en algunas asignaturas de las ciencias de la salud como la nutrición, la práctica seguirá siendo irremplazable(AU)

Academic activities worldwide were interrupted in face-to-face mode due to COVID-19, which imposed confinement and social distance measures, which meant moving from face-to-face to non-face-toface emergency. The use of information and communication technologies (ITC) is here to stay. The gaps in the conditions of internet access and affordability, added to the failures of other services such as electricity in the Latin American and Caribbean region and especially in Venezuela, constitute a new form of exclusion for some segments of the population in all educational levels. Traditional educational programs must be transformed and adapted to distance education, making it necessary for teachers to learn to produce and manage content and offline and online tools to meet the demands of synchronous and asynchronous processes in their hybrid or non-face-to-face modalities. Mastering the tools and technological platforms is essential for the planning, design and execution of virtual activities and for the improvement of university education. It is proposed to review the opportunities for non-classroom teaching of nutritionists in Venezuela. The current educational emergency opens up a world of possibilities such as open access to online research and collaborative work, however in some subjects in the health sciences such as nutrition, the practice will continue to be irreplaceable(AU)

A espiritualidade que habita o CTI / The spirituality that inhabits the CTI / La espiritualidad que habita el CTI

Durante o período de estágio, realizado no CTI de um hospital geral da cidade de Barbacena, pôde-se observar, em especial no horário de visitas, o quanto a espiritualidade encontra-se presente no momento de adoecimento. Ninguém planeja adoecer e quando isso ocorre há uma total desestruturação psíquica, tanto do paciente quanto de sua família e é nesse momento que surge a importância da espiritualidade, que traz um maior conforto e acalento àqueles que vivenciam tal situação. A relação da espiritualidade com a saúde mental vem sendo cada vez mais estudada, daí a necessidade de se escrever sobre a vivência desse tema. O CTI já é um ambiente por si só angustiante e temido por muitos, já que é um setor do hospital reservado para pacientes em estado de saúde grave, que podem até mesmo estar correndo risco de morte, trazendo mais medo àqueles que estão internados ou que têm algum ente nessa situação, sob cuidados especializados. O medo da morte nesse caso é muito maior e angustiante, fazendo-se necessário, então, como principal objetivo, identificar a importância da espiritualidade durante o processo de internação no CTI, a partir da observação de familiares e pacientes internados, em especial durante os horários de visita. Em um período de seis meses, estando diariamente por cerca de três horas nesse setor do hospital, pôde-se perceber o quanto a espiritualidade fortalece a esperança diante do medo da morte, tão temida pela maioria das pessoas.

During the vocational training period, held at ICU in Barbacena city General Hospital, it could be observed, mainly in visiting hours, how spirituality lies faced with the time of illness. No one plans to get sick, but when this occurs, there is a total mental/ emotional breakdown. In that moment, the importance of spirituality - that brings greater comfort and nurturing to those who experience such a situation, both the patients and their family - emerges. The relationship of spirituality to mental health has been increasing studied, hence the need to write about the experience on this subject. The ITC is already a place in itself distressing and feared by most people, since this is a sector of the hospital reserved for patients in serious health condition who may be at risk of death, bringing more fear to those that are hospitalized or who are there under specialized care. The fear of death, in this case, is much larger and painful, making necessary, then, identify the importance of spirituality during the admission process in ITC, from the observation of family and patients, specially, during visiting hours. Throughout the period of six months, being daily about three hours in that hospital sector, it could be seen as spirituality strengthens hope in the face of death, something so feared the majority of people.

Durante el período de prueba, que se celebró en la UCI de un hospital general de la ciudad de Barbacena, se observó, sobre todo en el momento de las visitas cómo la espiritualidad está presente antes de la hora de la enfermedad. Nadie planea enfermarse, y cuando esto ocurre, hay un colapso mental total tanto para el paciente y su familia, y aquí es donde viene la importancia de la espiritualidad, lo que aporta una mayor comodidad y el cuidado de aquellos que experimentan una situación de este tipo. La relación de la espiritualidad con la salud mental se está estudiando cada vez más, de ahí la necesidad de escribir sobre la experiencia en esta materia. La UCI es ya un entorno de por sí angustiante, y temido por muchos, ya que este es un sector del hospital reservado para pacientes en estado grave de salud, que incluso puede estar en peligro de muerte, trayendo más miedo a aquellos que están internados allí o que tienen algún ente en esa situación, bajo cuidados especializados. El miedo a la muerte en este caso es mucho más grande y angustiante, por lo que es necesario, por tanto, como principal objetivo, identificar la importancia de la espiritualidad en el proceso de admisión en la UCI, a partir de la observación de familiares y pacientes internados, en particular, durante las horas de visita. A lo largo del período de seis meses, estando diariamente por cerca de tres horas en ese sector hospitalario, podría darse cuenta de cómo la espiritualidad fortalece la esperanza ante el miedo a la muerte, tan temida por la mayoría de la gente.

New qualities control strategy of Scutellaria baicalensis by isothermal titration calorimetry / 中国中药杂志

It has been focused on that there will be precipitates when decoction of Scutellariat Radix mixed with Coptidis Rhizoma. Precipitation was derived from interaction between acidic and basic compounds. This study was based on the interaction between active ingredients after compatibility, strived to explore whether it was feasible to judge the qualities of different Scutellariat Radix by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), build a new method established to characterize the qualities of traditional Chinese medicine by taking a series of active ingredients as index. We selected Scutellariat Radix (including three batches of different Scutellariat Radix bought from market and immature Scutellariat Radix which usually was used as adulterant) in different batches as the samples. First, we used ITC to determine the binding heat of the reactions between berberine and the decoctions of different Scutellariat Radix. The test showed that the binding heat of berberine titrated Scutellariat Radix was Scutellariat Radix A (－317.20 μJ), Scutellariat Radix B (－292.83 μJ), Scutellariat Radix C (－208.95 μJ) and immature Scutellariat Radix (－21.53 μJ), respectively. We chose deionized water titrated by berberine (2.51 μJ) as control. The heat change of berberine titrated immature Scutellariat Radix was much less than berberine titrated Scutellariat Radix. Then we determined the absorbance of different decoctions of Scutellariat Radix by UV Spectrophotometry on the maximum absorption wavelength, and the result is： Scutellariat Radix A (0.372), Scutellariat Radix B (0.333), Scutellariat Radix C (0.272), immature Scutellariat Radix (0.124). The absorbance of immature Scutellariat Radix was also less than Scutellariat Radix. The result of ITC assay was corresponded to UV spectrophotometry test. In conclusion, ITC could be used to characterize the quality of Scutellariat Radix. The new method to characterize the qualities of traditional Chinese medicine by taking a kind of active ingredients as index building by ITC was simple, scientific and feasible.

Atención primaria en salud y TIC: Una mirada desde la perspectiva de Haberlas / Primary health care and ICT: A view from Habermas’s perspective

En la Atención Primaria en Salud (APS) la relación entre el médico y su paciente ha sido motivo de preocupación y estudio en el campo de las ciencias sociales, ya que de la calidad de este proceso comunicacional podrá o no surgir el nexo necesario para lograr la buena salud individual y colectiva. Se pretende en este escrito hacer un análisis de la conjunción APS -TIC respecto a los tipos y/o niveles de comunicación que pueden llegar a desarrollarse en la relación médico-paciente, tanto desde la simbología intrínseca en el discurso médico, como desde la interacción médico-paciente mediada por las TIC; esto enmarcado en la teoría de la Acción Comunicativa de Habermas y de su visión acerca de la tecnología y los medios de comunicación de masas. Para el desarrollo del presente escrito se realizó una investigación documental, siendo la técnica utilizada el análisis documental. Se concluye que las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación representan una herramienta de mucha utilidad en los diferentes ámbitos de la Atención Primaria en Salud, sin embargo para que esta combinación realmente dé resultados positivos y duraderos es necesario abordarlo desde el mundo de la vida de cada grupo involucrado. Es esencial mantener una continua comunicación y capacitación del personal de salud, así como de los usuarios, para que de ésta manera se puedan llegar a asumir las TIC como parte productiva de la dinámica social que vivimos y las APS como la clave para tener una sociedad holísticamente más saludable.

In the Primary Health Care (PHC) the relationship between doctor and patient has been of concern and study in the field of social sciences, since from the quality of the communication process may or may not arise the necessary nexus to achieve good individual and collective health. It is intended in this paper to analyze the conjunction ICT-PHC on the types and / or levels of communication that may develop at the doctor-patient relationship, both the symbolism inherent in the medical discourse, as from the interaction mediated by ICT; this framed in the theory of communicative action of Habermas, taking into account his perspective on technology and mass media. For the development of this written was conducted a documentary research, and the technique used was document analysis. It is concluded that the Information and Communication Technologies are a very useful tool in different areas of primary health care, however for this combination to positive and lasting result it is necessary to approach it from the world of the life of each group involved. It is essential to maintain a communication and training continuous of health personnel and users, so that in this way can get to be ICT assumed as a productive part of the social dynamics that we live and the PHC as the key to a society holistically healthier.

¿Bajo las riendas del teléfono móvil? Control social, normalización y resistencia / Sob as rédeas do telefone móvel? Controle social, normalização e resistência / Under the reins of mobile phone? Social control, normalization and resistance

Los teléfonos móviles son una tecnología constitutiva de las relaciones sociales, inclusiva y cuyas prácticas asociadas participan en la formación del sujeto común en nuestros días, por medio del control social, la normalización y la resistencia, mecanismos que no han sido suficientemente abordados y de los que pretendemos dar cuenta con este trabajo. A partir de los conceptos de poder y resistencia, tácticas y estrategias, y preformatividad, analizaremos la noción de control social para dar cuenta del objetivo. La técnica utilizada fue grupos de discusión y descripción densa para el análisis. Los resultados indican que el móvil actúa como mediador, en el sentido latouriano: en el acto de 'contactar a alguien' estos dispositivos permiten que pasen o no cosas, modificando las intenciones de su uso, redefiniendo las relaciones, propiciando así efectos de normalización, control social y resistencia. Dichos procesos reaccionan mutuamente: el funcionamiento del poder alimenta la resistencia y viceversa.

Mobile phones are an inclusive technology immersed in social network, whose associated practices participate forming the common subject. Nowadays, they are part of social control, normalization and resistance. These mechanisms have not been studied enough, and explaining them is the aim of this paper. Using concepts like power, tactics, strategies, and performativity, we will explain social control and then account for our aim. For gathering data, discussion groups were used and the analytical approach was thick description. Results indicate that mobile phones act as mediators, in a Bruno Latour sense. It means that in contacting someone those devices allow to happen, or not, different things, for instance, they modify their original intended functions by redefining relationships, and, in turn, favoring normalization, social control, and resistance. These processes produce a mutual reaction: the operation of power feeds resistance, and vice versa.

Os celulares são uma tecnologia constitutiva e inclusiva das relações sociais. Suas práticas associadas participam na formação do sujeito comum em nossos dias por meio do controle social, da normalização e da resistência, mecanismos que não foram suficientemente abordados, os quais pretendemos dar conta com este trabalho. A partir dos conceitos de poder e resistência, performatividade, táticas e estratégias, analisaremos a noção de controle social para dar conta deste objetivo. Foram utilizados grupos de discussão e descrição densa para a análise. Os resultados indicam que o celular atua como mediador, no sentido latouriano: no ato de contatar alguém esses dispositivos permitem que passem ou não coisas, modificando as intenções de seu uso, redefinindo as relações e propiciando, assim, efeitos de normalização, controle social e resistência. Tais processos reagem mutuamente: o funcionamento do poder alimenta a resistência e vice-versa.

Temperatura superficial e índice de tolerância ao calor de caprinos de diferentes grupos raciais no semi-árido nordestino / Superficial temperature and index of tolerance to the heat of goat of different genetic groups in semi-arid

Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar a temperatura superficial e o índice de tolerância ao calor de caprinos (F1) resultantes de cruzamentos entre as raças Boer, Savana, Kalahari, Anglo Nubiana e Moxotó, com caprinos SRD, da região Nordeste. Foram utilizados 30 caprinos inteiros, com idade média de seis meses e peso médio de 25,17kg, sendo seis de cada grupo genético: ½Boer + ½SRD (BS), ½Anglo-Nubiana + ½SRD (ANS), ½Savana + ½SRD (SS), ½Kalarari + ½SRD (KS) e ½Moxotó + ½SRD (MS), mantidos em regime de confinamento. Os parâmetros estudados foram a temperatura superficial e o índice de tolerância ao calor (ITC). Verificou-se que os grupos raciais apresentaram diferença significativa para a temperatura superficial, todavia o ITC foi semelhante para todos. Assim a utilização desses grupos raciais para incrementar a produtividade caprina no semi-árido pode ser aconselhada.

One aimed with this work to determine the superficial temperature and the index of tolerance to the heat of goats (F1) resultants of crossings among these breed, Boer, Savanna, Kalahari, Anglo Nubiana and Moxotó, with goat in no definite breed of the northeast area. Thirty goats were used, with medium age of six months and medium weight of 25,17kg being six of each genetic group: ½Boer + ½SRD (BS), ½Anglo-Nubiana + ½SRD (ANS), ½Savana + ½SRD (SS), ½Kalarari + ½SRD (KS) and ½Moxotó + ½SRD (BAD), maintained in confinement regime. The studied parameters were the superficial temperature and the index of tolerance to the heat (ITC). One verified that the genetic groups presented significant difference for the superficial temperature, though ITC went similar for all. So, the use of these genetic groups to increase the goats productivity in the semi-arid can be advised.

Versión computarizada para la aplicación del Listado de Síntomas 90 (SCL 90) y del Inventario de Temperamento y Carácter (ITC)

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Summary: Psychometric tests are effective to measure psychological characteristics, including personality, motivation, intellectual abilities and psychopathological traits. The Psychopathological diagnostic could be supported on some of these psychometric tests, which ideally should be of simple and fast application. Two of the most common tests are the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL 90) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). SCL 90, developed by Derogatis, Lipman and Covi in 1973, is a 90-item self-report inventory that assesses the level of distress experienced by the subject. Items are comprised in nine dimensions: somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. The SCL 90 has been translated into several languages and has been successfully applied in Argentina and Spain. In Mexico, Cruz-Fuentes et al. and Lara et al. considered that this test can be well used as a psychometric instrument in clinical research. Due to its efficiency and brief time to response (12-15 min.), the SCL 90 has been administered to support psicopathological diagnostics and to complement the research of epilepsy, social-behavior disorders, physical disorders, pharmacological treatment and for the comparison of psychological features in crosscultural studies. The TCI is a self-applied test that describes personality according to Clonninger's psychobiological model. In this model temperament is described as highly heritable and stable during lifetime, and it is divided in four dimensions: novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence, and persistence. Character is described as being determined by the individual's experience and is modifiable during life-time. It is divided in to three dimensions self-directedness, cooperativeness and self-transcendence. The TCI has been used to correlate personality features to genetics variability and to complement clinical studies that involves psychiatric disorder, such as, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety and depression. This test has been translated and administered in American, French, German, Korean and Spanish populations. In Mexico, Sánchez-Carmona, Páez, López and Nicolini considered that the TCI constitute a psychometric test that can be used to develop the clinical research in Mexican populations. In recent years, research and clinical evaluation in several countries, such as United States and France, have successfully designed and applied computerized versions of the SCL 90 and TCI. These versions provide a quicker rate of testing and a permanent storage of data. In this work, we analyze the validity of viability to apply a computerized version of the SCL 90 and the TCI in Spanish. This computerized version was previously developed at the Instituto de Neurobiología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. This version involves a computer program in Java language, which give an easy access to the users and is compatible with any computational environment. The sequence to answer the computerized version involves five steps: a) accessing the main control program, b) writing the user's identification data, c) answering SCL 90 test, d) answering TCI test, e) forming the database. The formats employed in these computerized versions are similar to those in paper-and-pencil original versions. Its rate sequences were formed according to the SCL 90 and the TCI's application manuals. The information stored in the computerized program of SCL 90 and TCI, can be imported to the Excel program. By this way, it is possible to import the results to any database in any statistical analysis program. Method. Computerized versions of the SCL 90 and the TCI were administered in different sessions for two 30 participants sample (15 men, 15 women, mean= 30, S.D. 8 years old). Paper-and-pencil versions of both tests were administered, in two different sessions, to a sample within the same sex and age range. Samples were formed by students of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and the Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Statistical analysis involved a Student's t test to identify differences between data obtained in computerized and paper-and-pencil versions. Graphic comparisons were made to show the similarity of the results obtained in computerized versions and those of reference samples published in Mexico by Cruz-Fuentes et al. (2005), Lara et al. (2005) and Sánchez de Carmona et al. (1996). Results. The average time invested in both computerized and paper-pencil version for SCL 90 was 15 min. and 25 min. for TCI. No significant differences were founded in the items at any dimensions of the SCL 90 and TCI between the computerized and the paper-and-pencil versions. Graphic distribution of data in SCL 90 and central tendencies measures in the TCI, were similar in both computerized and pa-per-and-pencils reference samples versions. Discussion. The average of time invested to response the computerized versions of both test was similar to that reported in paper-and-pencil versions: 15 min. for SCL 90 and 35 min. for TCI. So, then the time required to administer computerized versions is not higher than required in paper-and pencil versions. The results sustain that the computerized administration of the SCL 90 and TCI in Spanish do not differs from the original paper-and-pencils Spanish versions in any of the test's dimensions. Besides, there are equivalent results in computerized versions and results showed in the reference samples. This allows us to consider that computerized versions of SCL 90 and TCI evaluate the features what were designed for. Even the complete evaluation through SCL 90 and TCI requires a final individualized interpretation, the automatically rating trough computerized version, could decrease human mistakes during the account of answers and items. It allows the elaboration of permanent and extensive database that can be easily used to compare epidemiological and longitudinal behavioral research. Furthermore it could complement neurobiological studies, for example, to evaluate population in neuroimaging studies such functional magnetic resonance studies. We conclude that computerized versions of the Symptom Check List 90 and Temperament and Character Inventory show a good validity to be useful as a psychometric tool.