Research advances of hepatitis B virus transmission through tears / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·China has a large number of Hepatitis B virus carriers. Though hematogenous dissemination is the main transmission route, much remains unknown about the way the virus spreads. It is doubted that people may get the disease through various body fluids in daily activity. Some routine examinations in ophthalmology department such as Goldmann applanation tonometry could not avoid contact with patients' ocular surface and may cause virus spread due to the residual tears on the instrument. So it is quite necessary to inspect the tear infectiousness of Hepatitis B virus. This review summarized recent studies about hepatitis B virus transmission via tears.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Early Spondylodiscitis: Interpretive Challenges and Atypical Findings

MR findings of early infectious spondylodiscitis are non-specific and may be confused with those of other conditions. Therefore, it is important to recognize early MR signs of conditions, such as inappreciable cortical changes in endplates, confusing marrow signal intensities of vertebral bodies, and inflammatory changes in paraspinal soft tissues, and subligamentous and epidural spaces. In addition, appreciation of direct inoculation, such as in iatrogenic spondylodiscitis may be important, because the proportion of patients who have undergone recent spine surgery or a spinal procedure is increasing. In this review, the authors focus on the MR findings of early spondylodiscitis, atypical findings of iatrogenic infection, and the differentiation between spondylodiscitis and other disease entities mimicking infection.

Management of respiratory endoscope cleaning, disinfection and infection control / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

With the development of modern science,the updates of endoscopic technology,respiratory endoscopy has become essential means in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disease in children.Due to the particularity of its complex structure and material,to strengthen the cleaning,disinfection and sterilization of respiratory endoscopy and attachment can ensure medical safety,prolong the service life of the endoscopic.It also was the primary guarantee to ensure that the treatment of respiratory endoscopy proceed smoothly and securely.

Effect comparison of different operation technique on the prevention of cross infection in department of stomatology / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To describe the effect of four-handed technique on the prevention of cross infection in department of stomatology. Methods Patients (300 cases) in department of stomatology were collected and randomized into the observation group (using four-handed technique) and the control group (not using four-handed technique) with 150 cases in each group from May 2003 to October 2004. One patient was served by one doctor and one nurse in the treatment process. Sterilization isolation system was strictly implemented in order to prevent cross infection. The control group received routine treatment. The incidence rate of infection was compared in the two groups. Results Ten patients (6.7%) were infected in the control group. Only 3 patients (2.0%) were infected in the observation group, which was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Four-handed technique played an important role in the prevention of cross infection by blocking the iatrogenic infection propagation.

Iatrogenic Spinal Infection after Injection Therapy in Spine / 대한척추외과학회지

STUDY DESIGNS: A retrospective study of clinical experience. OBJECTIVES: To investigate and report the iatrogenic form of spinal infections that occur after injection therapy in the spine. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: An iatrogenic infection after injection therapy in the spine is rarely reported to be a serious complication. However, an increase in the number of immunocompromised patients, the aging of the population, and particularly an increase in spinal procedureshave precipitated a rise in the incidence of spinal infections. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Iatrogenic spinal infections occurred in 8 patients after various injection therapy in the spine, which included an epidural steroid injection or trigger point injection for various spinal conditions. The medical records and images of these patients regarding the clinical findings, risk factors, and treatments were analyzed. RESULTS: The pathologic conditions of the spinal infection were discitis in four patients with a concomitant infection in the epidural space and paraspinal muscles, an epidural abscess, and solitary muscular abscess or myositis in the other 3 patients. The systemic risk factors contributing to the infections were diabetes mellitus, metastatic cancer, and chronic liver disease in four patients. For treatment, intensive antibiotic therapy was applied to all patients. Six of the 8 patients underwent surgical drainage for abscesses and/or fusion to stabilize the infected segments. The infections were eventually controlled in all patients. CONCLUSION: Iatrogenic pyogenic infections of the spine after injection therapy in the spine is a serious complication with regard morbidity and treatment. To avoid these serious complications, a specialist experienced in aseptic techniques should perform these spinal procedures, particularly in those patients with the risk factors.