ABSTRACT
Background: The most challenging problem associated with patient management in Dengue infection is early diagnosis. Secondary infection with dengue virus is the most accepted risk factor for the development of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Serologic diagnosis of dengue virus infection using ELISA of both IgM and IgG distinguishes primary and secondary infections. Aim: To determine the prevalence of Dengue Fever in Thoothukudi, the coastal district of Tamilnadu by serological tests IgM ELISA and IgG ELISA, to compare the IgM and IgG status of the dengue cases to differentiate between the primary and secondary dengue cases. Methods: A cross sectional comparative study in patients with fever suspicious of dengue, fevers with other causes excluded. Detailed history is obtained and complete clinical examination done. IgM and IgG Elisa test were performed. Results: Out of 50 patients, 28 (56%) were positive for dengue and 22 (44%) were negative. 13 cases had primary Dengue (IgM positive) and 15 had secondary Dengue (IgM and IgG positive and IgG positive). Among the 28 positive cases 16 are paediatric, 10 cases had hemorrhagic manifestations, all were secondary dengue. Conclusion: As this study was conducted during an outbreak in Thoothukudi, unusually high prevalence is seen particularly among the pediatric ages. Higher morbidity is seen in secondary dengue cases. Thus, early discrimination of primary and secondary dengue helps to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
ABSTRACT
A tuberculose (TB) continua sendo um dos mais urgentes problemas de saúde pública do mundo, com 8 a 10 milhões de novos casos e 2 a 3 milhões de mortes a cada ano. Cerca de 50 milhõesde pessoas estão infectadas com o Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A fim de desenvolver testes para imunodiagnóstico da TB, vários antígenos têm sido testados na resposta imune humoral de pacientes com TB ativa. O teste imunoenzimático de ELISA realizado com amostras de plasma de 45 pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar e 172 contatos (96 prova tuberculínica negativa e 76, positiva) foi conduzido para avaliação da resposta imune humoral, com pesquisa de anticorpos das classesIgM e IgG contra o antígeno recombinante GroEs do Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtGroEs). Pacientes com tuberculose pulmonar ativa apresentaram maiores níveis de IgG anti-rGroEs do que indivíduos saudáveis, o que permitiu a discriminação entre os dois grupos e sugeriu resposta imune humoral específica a este antígeno.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important public health problems ofthe world, with 8-10 million new cases and 2-3 million deaths each year. About 50 million people are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In order to develop immunodiagnostic tests for TB, several antigens have been tested for the humoral immune response of patients with active TB. ELISA was performed with plasma samples from 45 patients with pulmonary TB and 172 contacts (96 negative and 76 positive for the tuberculin skin test). The humoral immune response was evaluated through assessment of IgM and IgG antibodies against recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis GroES (MtGroEs). Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis had higher levels of IgG anti-rGroEs than healthy individuals, allowing discriminationbetween the two groups.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Recombinant Proteins , Immune System , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em 260 amostras de soro coletadas de fetos bovinos de julho de 2007 a março de 2008, em abatedouro do município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para detecção de anticorpos anti-N. caninum, a técnica de imunofluorescência indireta foi utilizada tanto para a detecção de imunoglobulinas G e M. Amostras com títulos e" 25 foram consideradas positivas. Das 260 amostras testadas, 15 por cento (39/260) foram positivas para anticorpos anti-N. caninum. Destas, em 38 (97,4 por cento) foi detectada a presença de IgG anti-N. caninum e em seis (15,4 por cento) de IgM. Em cinco amostras (12,8 por cento) detectaram-se ambos, IgG e IgM. Os resultados reafirmam a habilidade do N. caninum em determinar infecção fetal. A pesquisa de IgM foi de limitada importância na detecção da infecção via transplacentária em soro fetal bovino.
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in serum samples collected from 260 bovine fetuses, between July 2007 and March 2008, in an abattoir in the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. An indirect fluorescent antibody test was used to detect anti-N. caninum immunoglobulins G (IgG) and M (IgM), using a cut-off of 1:25. Considering IgG or IgM detection, 15 percent (39/260) of the samples tested were found positive. Among the positive samples, 38 (97.4 percent) were positive for IgG and 6 (15.4 percent) for IgM. However 5 (12.8 percent) of it were positive for both IgG and IgM. These results are in agreement with the proven ability of N. caninum to fetal infection. IgM testing was few relevant to detect N. caninum transplacental infection through fetal bovine serum analisys.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Antibodies/analysis , Cattle/blood , Fetus , Neospora/immunology , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em 260 amostras de soro coletadas de fetos bovinos de julho de 2007 a março de 2008, em abatedouro do município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Para detecção de anticorpos anti-N. caninum, a técnica de imunofluorescência indireta foi utilizada tanto para a detecção de imunoglobulinas G e M. Amostras com títulos e" 25 foram consideradas positivas. Das 260 amostras testadas, 15 por cento (39/260) foram positivas para anticorpos anti-N. caninum. Destas, em 38 (97,4 por cento) foi detectada a presença de IgG anti-N. caninum e em seis (15,4 por cento) de IgM. Em cinco amostras (12,8 por cento) detectaram-se ambos, IgG e IgM. Os resultados reafirmam a habilidade do N. caninum em determinar infecção fetal. A pesquisa de IgM foi de limitada importância na detecção da infecção via transplacentária em soro fetal bovino.
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in serum samples collected from 260 bovine fetuses, between July 2007 and March 2008, in an abattoir in the municipality of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. An indirect fluorescent antibody test was used to detect anti-N. caninum immunoglobulins G (IgG) and M (IgM), using a cut-off of 1:25. Considering IgG or IgM detection, 15 percent (39/260) of the samples tested were found positive. Among the positive samples, 38 (97.4 percent) were positive for IgG and 6 (15.4 percent) for IgM. However 5 (12.8 percent) of it were positive for both IgG and IgM. These results are in agreement with the proven ability of N. caninum to fetal infection. IgM testing was few relevant to detect N. caninum transplacental infection through fetal bovine serum analisys.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Antibodies/analysis , Cattle/blood , Fetus , Neospora/immunology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin MABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Determinar las características epidemiológicas e inmunopatológicas de una cohorte de sujetos clínicamente sanos positivos para anticuerpos anti desmogleína 1 de Pueblo Libre y Nueva Requena (Ucayali), áreas endémicas de pénfigo foliáceo y vulgar del Perú. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y observacional. Los sujetos clínicamente sanos fueron evaluados por un dermatólogo para confirmarse la ausencia de enfermedades ampollares. Se obtuvo muestras de sangre para el estudio inmunopatológico mediante inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI), inmunoprecipitación (IP) y ELISA. Una vez detectados los sujetos positivos para anticuerpos anti desmogleína 1 se obtuvo datos epidemiológicos como edad, sexo, ocupación, exposición a insectos hematófagos, ingesta de alimentos con potencial acantolítico, exposición a mercurio, uso de cosméticos tradicionales y características de la vivienda; y fueron seguidos por un período de 4 años. RESULTADOS: Se captó a 21 sujetos clínicamente sanos positivos para anticuerpos anti desmogleína 1, el 52.4 por ciento correspondió al sexo femenino. Luego del seguimiento no se documentó el viraje a la fase clínica de pénfigo foliáceo endémico en ninguno de ellos. Las viviendas de los sujetos condicionaban la exposición a insectos hematófagos. El 9.5 por ciento presentó en la IFI anticuerpos contra los espacios intercelulares de los queratinocitos. La IP anti desmogleína 1 fue levemente positiva en el 61.9 por ciento y francamente positiva en el 4.8 por ciento. El ELISA para anticuerpos IgG anti desmogleína 1 fue positivo en el 100 por ciento de los sujetos predominando las subclases IgG1 e IgG2 (71.4 por ciento cada una). El ELISA para anticuerpos IgM anti desmogleína 1 fue positivo en el 19.0 por ciento. Para los anticuerpos anti desmogleína 3, la IP fue negativa en todos los casos mientras que el ELISA fue positivo en el 81.0 por cientoCONCLUSIONES: Una fracción de sujetos de áreas endémicas.
AIM: To determine epidemiologic and immunopathologic characteristics in a cohort of healthy subjects who were positive for antidesmoglein 1 antibodies in Pueblo Libre and Nueva Requena(Ucayali), endemic areas for endemic pemphigus foliaceus and vulgaris of Peru. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive, longitudinal and observational study. The healthy subjects were examined by a dermatologist to confirm that there were no blistering diseases. A blood sample was drawn for immunopathologic studies: indirect imunofluorescence (IFI), immunoprecipitation (IP) and ELISA. In patients who had positive results, epidemiologic data was obtained: age, sex, ocupation, exposure to haematophagus insects, ingestion of food with achantolytic properties, mercury exposure, use of tradicional cosmetics and house characteristics. Subjects were followed for a 4 year period. RESULTS: We enrolled 21 healthy subjects positive for desmoglein 1 autoantibodies who were after the 4 years follow-up period, none of the subjects went into the clinical active phase of pemphigus. The houses of these subjects conditioned the presence of haematophagus insects. 9.5 per cent was positive by IFI, 61.9 per cent was sligthly positive by IP and 4.8 per cent strongly positive. 100 per cent of subjects were positive for anti desmoglein 1 antibodies, being 71.4 per cent positive for IgG1 and IgG2 as well. ELISA for IgM antidesmoglein 1 antibodies was positive in 19 per cent of the subjects. Regarding antidesmoglein 3 antibodies none by IP and 81 per cent was positive by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS: A healthy subset of patients from endemic areas for endemic pemhigus foliaceus and vulgaris had anti desmoglein 1 and 3 antibodies, most likely due to environmental factors but none of them went into the clinical active phase of pemphigus in a 4 year follow-up period.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antibodies , Desmoglein 1 , Endemic Diseases , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Pemphigus , Environmental HazardsABSTRACT
Varicella during pregnancy is a threat to both mother and fetus because of disseminated infection, varicella pneumonia and meningitis etc. And about 10% of babies acquire intrauterine infection, as indicated by the congenital varicella syndrome, neonatal varicella or zoster during infancy. We report a case of varicella in a 30-year-old, 39 weeks and 3 days' gestational age, full-term pregnant woman presented with generalized erythematous papules, vesicles, pustules and umbilicated pustules on the whole body. She was ordered absolute bed rest for delaying the delivery and treated with acyclovir and varicella-zoster immune globulin. However, she delivered a healthy baby which weighed 3,350 gm the next early morning. In our investigation of cord blood after delivery, varicella-zoster IgG and IgM by ELIZA method were negative and varicella-zoster virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction was also negative. The newborn revealed no clinical evidence of skin lesions and anomalies of varicella. So we supposed there was no intrauterine varicella infection.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Acyclovir , Bed Rest , Chickenpox , DNA , Fetal Blood , Fetus , Gestational Age , Herpes Zoster , Herpesvirus 3, Human , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Meningitis , Mothers , Pneumonia , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Pregnant Women , SkinABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Diagnostic rate of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection by stool culture is low and slide agglutination (SA) method in serum has diagnostic problem due to high false positive rate and cross reaction with other febrile diseases. Therefore we tried to develop first stage whole cell Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test against Y. pseudotuberculosis antigen using Korean strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis. METHODS: Korean strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis (serotype:4b and 15) were cultured and cell wall was destroyed by sonifier and used as antigen. Microplate wells were coated with antigen and sera of three group (patient group, control group and adult group) were added and incubated at 37degreesC. Peroxidase conjugated rabbit antihuman IgG and goat antihuman IgM were added and substrate (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine) adding was followed. Optical density was measured by spectrophotometer at 450 nm. RESULTS: Patient group (n=22) who has more than 1:80 titer in SA method showed 27.3% positivity in IgG antibody and 63.6% positivity in IgM antibody in noncompetitive sandwich method of ELISA test. Adult group (n=50) showed 26.0% positivity in IgG antibody. Positivity rate of antibody in ELISA test was not correlated with agglutination titer in SA method but both antibodies were positive in 3 cases which have agglutination titer above 1:1280. CONCLUSIONS: Whole cell ELISA test was tried by Y. pseudotuberculosis antigens using serotypes which were isolated in Korea. Positivity rate of both IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA test was not correlated with agglutination titer of SA method.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Agglutination , Antibodies , Cell Wall , Control Groups , Cross Reactions , Diagnosis , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Goats , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Korea , Peroxidase , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis , YersiniaABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , TineaABSTRACT
A sensitive immunocytochemical technique has been used to study the effect of Cordyceps Sinesis on the IgM and IgG antibody-forming cells in mouse spleen. The results indicate that after the mice have been treated for 7 days with Cordyceps Sinesis, their splenic nodules were increasing, the germinal centers became prominent and the marginal zones were thickening. The immunocytochemical results disclosed that a huge amount of IgM and IgG lymphocytes appeared in the splenic nodules, especially in the marginal zones, which were thickening due to the proliferation of the IgM-lymphocytes. In the red pulp, a large amount of IgM- and IgG-plasma cells were peripherally located in the terminal arteries or sinuses, indicating that it may be convenient for the plasma cells to release the antibodies into blood circulation. The results suggest that the Cordyceps Sinesis could stimulate the IgM-and IgG-lymphocytts to proliferate and promote the forming of antibodies.