ABSTRACT
Resumen Los sistemas de defensa anti-oxidante utilizados por el parásito intracelular Leishmania braziliensis durante el proceso de infección permiten eliminar especies reactivas de oxígeno y nitrógeno a expensas de equivalentes reductores derivados de la tripanotiona, evitando daños celulares del patógeno. Con el objetivo de identificar potenciales blancos moleculares para el desarrollo de fármacos contra este parásito, se realizó la detección de la enzima triparedoxina peroxidasa citoplasmática de L. braziliensis (LbTXNPxII), la cual es esencial para disminuir concentraciones tóxicas de peróxido de hidrógeno en el contexto de infección. Para esto se generaron anticuerpos policlonales en modelo aviar, partiendo de la clonación, expresión y purificación de la proteína recombinante 6xHis-SUMO-LbTXNPxII (37kDa) en el sistema heterólogo Escherichia coli. La proteína purificada se utilizó como antígeno para la producción de anticuerpos IgY, cuya implementación en estudios in situ permitió detectar y localizar la enzima LbTXNPxII endógena (22kDa) en el citoplasma de promastigotes fijados y verificar su interacción molecular con la nicotinamida/ nicotinato mononucleótido adenilil transferasa, enzima involucrada en la síntesis del NAD. De este modo, se reporta el desarrollo de una herramienta bioquímica para la identificación y estudio de la enzima LbTXNPxII y su participación en vías del metabolismo energético y de defensa anti-oxidante.
Abstract The antioxidant defense systems used by the intracellular parasite Leishmania braziliensis during the infection process make it possible to eliminate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species at the expense of reducing equivalents derived from trypanothione, avoiding cellular damage of the pathogen. In order to identify potential molecular targets for the development of drugs against this parasite, the cytoplasmic tryparedoxin peroxidase of L. braziliensis (LbTXNPxII), which is essential to reduce toxic concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the context of infection, was carried out. In this regard, polyclonal antibodies were generated in an avian model, starting from the cloning, expression, and purification of the recombinant protein 6xHis-SUMO-LbTXNPxII (37kDa) in the heterologous system of Escherichia coli. The purified protein was used as an antigen for the production of IgY antibodies, whose implementation in in situ experiments allowed the detection and localization of the endogenous LbTXNPxII enzyme (22kDa) in the cytoplasm of fixed promastigotes, as well as the verification of its molecular interaction with nicotinamide/nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of NAD. Thus, the development of a biochemical tool for the identification and study of the LbTXNPxII enzyme and its participation in energy metabolism and antioxidant defense pathways is reported.
Resumo Os sistemas de defesa antioxidante utilizados pelo parasita intracelular Leishmania braziliensis durante o processo de infecção, permitem a eliminação de espécies reativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio em detrimento de equivalentes redutores derivados de tripanotiona, evitando o dano celular do patógeno. Com o objetivo de identificar potenciais alvos moleculares para o desenvolvimento de drogas contra esse parasita, foi detectada a enzima citoplasmática triparedoxina peroxidase de L. braziliensis (LbTXNPxII), essencial para reduzir as concentrações tóxicas de peróxido de hidrogênio no contexto de infecção. Para isso, anticorpos policlonais foram gerados em modelo aviário, a partir da clonagem, expressão e purificação da proteína recombinante 6xHis-SUMO-LbTXNPxII (37kDa) no sistema heterólogo de Escherichia coli. A proteína purificada foi utilizada como antígeno para a produção de anticorpos IgY, cuja implementação em experimentos in situ permitiu a detecção e localização da enzima LbTXNPxII endógena (22kDa) no citoplasma de promastigotas fixos e verificar sua interação molecular com nicotinamida/nicotinato mononucleotídeo adenililtransferase, enzima envolvida na síntese de NAD. Assim, é relatado o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta bioquímica para a identificação e estudo da enzima LbTXNPxII e sua participação no metabolismo energético e nas vias de defesa antioxidante.
ABSTRACT
This study describes the production of a new avian polyclonal antibody (IgY) against canine IgG, as another tool for the immunodiagnostic using IgY technology. The immunization protocol caused neither deaths nor pathologies, and no decline in egg laying capacity was detected. The total concentration of isolated IgY was constant, without significant difference (p> 0.05), with average of 97.55 mg of IgY/yolk. The IgY revealed a strong sensitivity and specificity in recognition against canine IgG by ELISA. After the immunization, there was a significant increase in the production of IgY specific from the first to the second month (p <0.05), reaching a stable peak without decrease in the production by the end of the analysis period (p > 0.05). The IgY demonstrated a suitable specificity in Western blot against the purified and serum canine IgG, not enabling recognition of canine IgM or IgG of other animal species. The specific IgY in the egg yolks of immunized hens proved to be a molecule with an appropriate purity and desired specificity against the immunizing antigen. Moreover, its constant production in large quantities during the four months analyzed indicated that IgY antibody production technology could be considered as an excellent alternative to the standard methods.