ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Los perros con infecciones por Giardia tienen diarrea que persiste durante días, incluso después del tratamiento. Manejamos la giardiasis canina usando dos enfoques distintos: tratamiento con el secnidazol antiprotozoario solo; y secnidazol más un producto homeopático indicado para el control de la diarrea en perros. Tratamiento I: Diez perros beagle mostraron signos clínicos de diarrea severa. Sus heces revelaron una gran cantidad de quistes compatibles con Giardia sp. Por lo tanto, tratamos a los perros con secnidazol (10 mg/kg, dosis única) por vía oral. Cinco días después del tratamiento, todos los perros fueron negativos para Giardia spp. Tratamiento II: Tres meses después, los mismos diez Beagles nuevamente presentaron diarrea. Se recogieron las heces, revelando Giardia sp. en todos los perros. Esta vez, los tratamos con un antiprotozoo (secnidazol, dosis de 10 mg/kg) combinado con un medicamento homeopático comercial para el control de la diarrea (dosis de 3 g/animal a intervalos de 12 h). Descubrimos que se necesitaban de tres a cinco dosis homeopáticas para lograr puntajes fecales normales en todos los perros. Después de 5 días de tratamiento, las muestras de heces tuvieron una consistencia normal y fueron negativas para Giardia. Este es el primer registro de uso de secnidazol para el control de la giardiasis canina asociado con homeopáticos para evitar la diarrea.
ABSTRACT Dogs with Giardia infections have diarrhea that persists for days, even after treatment. We managed canine giardiasis using two distinct approaches: treatment with the antiprotozoan secnidazole alone; and secnidazole plus a homeopathic product that is indicated for control of diarrhea in dogs. Treatment I: Ten beagle dogs showed clinical signs of severe diarrhea. Their feces revealed large numbers of cysts consistent with Giardia sp. Therefore, we treated the dogs with secnidazole (10 mg/kg, single dose) given orally. Five days after treatment, all dogs were negative for Giardia spp. Treatment II: Three months later, the same ten Beagles again presented with diarrhea. Feces were collected, revealing Giardia sp. in all dogs. This time, we treated them with an antiprotozoan (secnidazole, 10 mg/kg dose) combined with a commercial homeopathic drug for diarrhea control (3 g dose/animal at 12 h interval). We found that three to five homeopathic doses were needed to achieve normal fecal scores in all dogs. After 5 days of treatment, stool samples had normal consistency and were negative for Giardia. This is the first record of using secnidazole to control canine giardiasis associated with homeopathic drugs to prevent diarrhea.
Subject(s)
Dogs , GiardiaABSTRACT
The imidazole derivatives have potent therapeutic activity against cytotoxicity and parasites. The present study was planned to synthesize novel tetra aryl imidazoles compounds and evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity and anthelmintic activity. Firstly, 2-amine-4-chloro pyridine was condensed with substituted benzaldehyde to give corresponding Schiff’s base. These Schiff’s bases further on treatment with ammonium acetic acid derivation and isatin yielded comparing novel tetra aryl imidazoles. The synthesized compounds were examined for in-vitro cytotoxicity and anthelmintic activity. The discoveries showed that all the synthesized novel substituted imidazoles have moderate to great anthelmintic action. They additionally had critical in-vitro cytotoxicity against HEp2 cell lines (Human larynx malignancy cell line) against standard utilizing 5-fluorouracil. The compounds 1b, 2b, 4b, 6b, and 8b had higher anthelmintic action contrasted with standard mebendazole. The synthesized compounds 1b, 2b and 8b had noteworthy in-vitro cytotoxicity against HEp2 cell lines.
ABSTRACT
Background: Latent tuberculosis has been associated with the persistence of dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the organism of infected individuals, who are reservoirs of the bacilli and the source for spreading the disease in the community. New active anti-TB drugs exerting their metabolic action at different stages and on latent/dormant bacilli are urgently required to avoid endogenous reactivations and to be part of treatments of multi- and extensively-drug resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB). It was previously reported that azole drugs are active against M. tuberculosis. For that reason, the aims of this study were to determine the in vitro activity of azole drugs, imidazole (clotrimazole, CLO and econazole, ECO) and nitroimidazole (metronidazole, MZ and ipronidazole, IPZ), against a collection of MDR M. tuberculosis clinical isolates; and to analyze their potential use in both the LTB and the active forms of M/XDR-TB treatments. Methods: A total of 55 MDR M. tuberculosis isolates and H37Rv were included. MZ and IPZ activity against M. tuberculosis isolates were tested using anaerobic culture conditions. The activity of ECO and CLO was measured by the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a microdilution colorimetric method. Results: MZ and IPZ showed bacteriostatic activity against M. tuberculosis strains. MIC5o and MIC90 to ECO was 4.0 µg/ml, while MIC50 to CLO was 4.0 µg/ml and MIC90 was 8.0 µg/ml respectively. Conclusion: All azole compounds tested in the study showed inhibitory activity against MDR M. tuberculosis clinical isolates.
Introducción: La tuberculosis (TB) latente ha sido asociada a la persistencia de Mycobacterium tuberculosis durmientes en el organismo de las personas infectadas, las cuales constituyen un reservorio del bacilo y una fuente de diseminación de la enfermedad en la comunidad. Urge la necesidad de contar con nuevos fármacos antituberculosos con acción sobre el bacilo en estado latente/durmiente, a fin de evitar reactivaciones endógenas y para ser incluidas en el tratamiento de la TB multirresistente y extensivamente resistente (M/XDR-TB). Se ha reportado que los azoles son activos contra M. tuberculosis. Por esta razón, los objetivos del presente estudio fueron determinar la actividad in vitro sobre aislamientos clínicos de M/XDR-TB de distintos azoles, incluyendo los imidazoles econazol (ECO) y clotrimazol (CLO) y los 5-nitro-imidazoles ipronidazol (IPZ) y metronidazol (MZ), así como analizar su potencial uso contra las formas latente y activa de esta enfermedad. Métodos: Fueron incluidos 55 aislamientos clínicos de M. tuberculosis MDR y la cepa de referencia H37Rv. Se evaluó la actividad del MZ y el IPZ sobre los aislamientos en condiciones de cultivo anaeróbico, mientras que la actividad del ECO y el CLO fue estimada determinando la concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) mediante el método colorimétrico de microdilución en placa. Resultados: El MZ y el IPZ presentaron actividad bacteriostática frente a las cepas de M. tuberculosis. La CIM50 y CIM90 del ECO fue de 4 µg/ml, mientras que el CLO presentó una CIM50 de 4 µg/ml y una CIM90 de 8 µg/ml. Conclusión: Todos los compuestos azólicos evaluados presentaron actividad inhibitoria frente a aislamientos clínicos de M. tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Azoles , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Antitubercular Agents , Azoles/pharmacology , Tuberculosis , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/drug effects , Antitubercular Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of bisphosphonate medication (zoledronic acid,aclasta) on spinal fusion for osteoporotic patients through radiographic,clinical,and biological assessments.Methods A total of 79 patients with osteoporosis who were candidates for single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion was randomly assigned to the experimental group (zoledronic acid injection,5mg,on the third day after surgery) or the control group (the same amount of saline injection,on the third day after surgery).Functional radiography and CT scans were used to evaluate fusion status.Bridging bone formation was graded into 3 categories:Grade A (bridging bone through bilateral vertebral),Grade B (bridging bone through a unilateral vertebral),or Grade C (incomplete bony bridging).The incidence of vertebral compression fractures occurring after surgery was assessed by means of MR imaging.A solid fusion was defined as less than 5° of angular motion in flexion-extension radiographs and the presence of Grade A or B bridging bone.Bone metabolic markers (β-C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen,β-CTX; and N-terminal propeptide of type Ⅰ collagen,PINP) were measured to investigate the biological effects of zoledronic acid on spinal fusion.Bone mineral density of femoral neck was measured by the dual X-ray absorptiometry.Clinical outcome was evaluated by means of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).Results Grade A or B bridging bone was more frequently observed in the experimental group at 3,6,and 9 months postoperatively (all P ＜ 0.05,respectively,Mann-Whitney U-test).At 12-months postoperative follow-up,bridging bone and solid fusion were not significantly different.No vertebral fractures were observed in the experimental group,whereas 6 patients in the control group showed vertebral compression fractures(P ＜ 0.05,Mann-Whitney U-test).Biochemical analysis of bone turnover demonstrated that zoledronic acid inhibited bone resorption from the early phase of the fusion process and also suppressed bone formation.Poor clinical results in the control group were demonstrated by ODI.Conclusions Osteoporosis patients undergoing spinal fusion who take bisphosphonates throughout the postoperative period was recommended.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects,mechanisms,and the optimum doses of Rosuvastatin and Losartan on expression of caveolin-1 in cultured human monocyte-macrophage cells which were induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL).Methods Human-monocyte cells were separated and changed into the human monocyte-macrophage cells.The model of amerosclerosis was set up.These cells were incubated in different doses of Rosuvastatin(0.1,1.0,5.0 μmol/L) and Losartan (10,50,100 μmol/L),and then cultured in combination of two drags (5.0 μmol/L + 100 μmol/L).Expression of caveolin-1 mRNA was determined with real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results In ox-LDL group,caveolin-1 mRNA was decreased sharply relative to control group [(0.2533 ±0.00973) vs (0.9410 ±0.03677)] in a concentration-dependent manner (P ＜0.01).Compared to ox-LDL group,expressions of Caveolin-1 mRNA were increased gradually in different doses of Rosuvastatin alone and Losartan alone group [(0.5198 ± 0.04840),(0.6183 ± 0.06740),(0.7257 ± 0.03052) vs (0.2533 ± 0.00973) ; (0.3350 ± 0.04177),(0.4428 ± 0.03804),(0.6049 ± 0.02627) vs (0.2533 ± 0.00973)] in a concentration-dependent manner (P ＜ 0.01) ; the summit expressions of caveolin-1 mRNA were emerged in using Rosuvastatin and Losartan together (F =59.119,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Rosuvastatin and Losartan may be responsible for the expression of caveolin-1 in human monocyte-macrophage cells that were induced by ox-LDL.The expressions were up-regulated with dose dependent manner of these drugs,and got the crest stage when using optimum doses of Rosuvastatin and Losartan together.
ABSTRACT
A novel series of structurally diverse 5-Substituted 1-Aryl-2,3-diphenyl imidazoles (2a-j) was synthesized by treatment of benzoin (1) with 4-hydroxy aniline, substituted benzaldehydes and NH4OAc in polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) under reflux condition in excellent yields. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral and elemental analysis and screened for their antioxidant properties by employing three in vitro assays like 2,2–diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay and iron reducing power assay. Ascorbic acid was used as a standard antioxidant and the comparative study with newly synthesized compounds was also done. Among the analogues compounds 2e, 2g and 2j bearing hydroxy and methoxy groups on 2-substituted phenyl moiety respectively showed predominant antioxidant activity.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe efficacy and safety of 2 ways of intravenous anesthesia in endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for early esophageal cancer and its precancerous lesion.Methods A total of 140 patients with early esophageal cancer and its precancerous lesion undergoing EMR were enrolled and randomized into 2 groups, with 70 patients in each.Midazolam and propofol were used for group Ⅰ, while midazolam and etomidate were used for group Ⅱ.Vital signs, anesthetic effect, recovery time during the therapy, intra-operative and post-operative adverse reactions were compared.Results Anesthesia with both methods could reach the need for safe EMR.The blood pressure and heart rate of patients in group Ⅰ significantly decreased during the therapy, while no significant difference was found in those of group Ⅱ, but which was significantly different from those of group Ⅰ at some parts of the observation point (P＜0.05).Pulse oxygen saturation of all patients during the procedure was within normal range.No significant difference was found between 2 groups in recovery time.The incidence of muscle tremor or myoclonus in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ, but the incidence of bradycardia and hypotension in group Ⅱ was lower than that of group Ⅰ (P＜0.05).Several patients complained pain, nausea and dizziness after therapy, but there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion Anesthesia with propofol and etomidate can both be applied to digestive endoscopy.Etomidate shows advantages in more stable hemodynamics.